Clean Energy Solutions Research Articles

Optimization of BIPV Utilization with Parametric Approach: Case Study on Nearly Zero Carbon Building Studio Design in Medan, Indonesia

Buildings significantly consume fossil energy, leading to substantial carbon emissions contributing to global warming and rising sea levels. These environmental impacts pose serious challenges, necessitating a shift towards sustainable building designs. By integrating clean energy solutions into building architecture, we can reduce the environmental burden of emissions. This approach mitigates adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems and promotes long-term sustainability and resilience in urban development. Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems represent one such approach for substituting fossil energy. However, implementing BIPV effectively necessitates comprehensive analysis considering numerous parameters and variables. This paper introduces building design strategies employing the BIPV approach. The decision-making process in designing alternatives utilizes parametric methods, recognized for their ability to yield optimization results for various variables through the development of design algorithms. The study focuses on the design of a studio building at the University of North Sumatra. Comparative analysis of the results obtained through parametric design aims to identify the most favorable design outcomes. The research includes developing a parameterized design algorithm, workflow, and assessment results for selecting optimal design alternatives. The results indicate that the placement of PV panels on the side area (PVOS) has more potential than placement on the top area (PVOT). Despite the PVOT area being observed to be 0.57% smaller than PVOS, PVOS shows a significant increase in total Incident Radiation (IR), average IR, and total Energy Generated by 137.14%, 128.40%, and 132.97%, respectively.

M (M=Mn, Fe, and Cu)-doped Ni3S2@Co9S8 grown on Ni foam with different heterostructures as catalysts for overall seawater splitting

The increasing global energy demand and the environmental impact of fossil fuels have prompted scientists to seek clean and renewable energy solutions. Hydrogen energy, known for its efficiency and environmental benefits, is considered an ideal choice. Given the limited availability of freshwater resources, this study uses abundant seawater as the feedstock for water electrolysis. Our research focuses on developing non-precious metal electrocatalysts to enhance the efficiency and economic viability of water electrolysis for hydrogen production. Using Ni3S2@Co9S8 as the base material, we regulate the catalytic performance by doping with transition metals such as Mn, Fe, and Cu. The Mn-Ni3S2@Co9S8/NF electrode exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (overpotential of 76 mV @10 mA cm−2) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (overpotential of 261 mV @10 mA cm−2) activity in seawater electrolytes, significantly reducing the overpotential requirements. Density Functional Theory (DFT) assessments reveal that Co9S8 possesses optimal gibbs free energy capabilities and Mn-Ni3S2 possesses more electron distribution, explaining its high catalytic efficiency. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the catalyst structure and performance, offering valuable insights for developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of the hydrogen economy and advancements in clean energy technology.

Real time implementation of scaled droop control in hybrid microgrid with hydrogen storage for regulation of voltage and frequency.

The incorporation of renewable energy resources (RERs) into smart city through hybrid microgrid (HMG) offers a sustainable solution for clean energy. The HMG architecture also involves linking the AC-microgrid and DC-microgrid through bidirectional interconnection converters (ICC). This HMG combines AC sources like wind-DFIG with DC sources such as solar PV and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), supported by battery energy storage systems (BESS) and hydrogen storage units (HSU). The HSU can generate and store hydrogen during RER surplus. This stored hydrogen can be further employed for production of electrical power along with numerous other applications. The HSU is emerged as a competent tool which can be utilised alone/in combination with BESS to enhance the system reliability. Harvesting power from clean and green sources requires its optimal operation and control while feeding to the existing grid. The existing strategies of controlling ICC are complex and not efficient; hence, a novel intelligent scaled droop control structure (SDCS) is proposed, utilizing frequency, DC voltage, and active power. The SDCS regulate voltage and frequency in both islanded mode (IM) and grid connected mode (GCM) of HMG. Experimental validation demonstrates its simplicity and effectiveness, making it suitable for smart city environments, ensuring uninterrupted power for critical loads with improved air quality.

Micro/Meso-Porous Double-Shell Hollow Carbon Spheres through Spatially Confined Pyrolysis for Supercapacitors and Zinc-Ion Capacitor.

Energy storage in supercapacitors and hybrid zinc ion capacitors (ZIC) using porous carbon materials offers a promising alternative method for clean energy solutions. The unique combination of hierarchical porous structure and nitrogen doping in these materials has demonstrated significant capacity for energy storage. Nevertheless, the full potential of these materials, particularly the relationship between pore structure configuration and performance, remains underexplored. Herein, a confined pyrolysis strategy based on the polymerization characteristics of polydopamine (PDA) was developed to construction of hollow carbon spheres with microporous/mesoporous dual shell structure. The depth of micropores and cavity can be controlled by adjusting the duration of heat treatment and hydrothermal treatment, in accordance with the decomposition and polymerization characteristics of PDA. Due to the elasticity of this structure, the relationship between the micro/mesoporous depth of the prepared carbon spheres and the energy storage performance in supercapacitors and ZIC is established. Through optimizing the ion transport capacity of carbon spheres and considering the influence of its internal cavity structure on energy storage, the resulting carbon spheres exhibit high specific capacitance of 389 F g-1 in supercapacitor and specific capacitance of 260 F g-1 and excellent stability with 99.3 % retention after 30000 chare/discharge cycles in ZIC.

A comprehensive analysis of real options in solar photovoltaic projects: A cluster-based approach

Solar photovoltaic (PV) projects are pivotal in addressing climate change and fostering a sustainable energy future. However, the complex landscape of renewable energy investments, characterized by high upfront costs, market uncertainties, and evolving technologies, demands innovative evaluation methods. The Real Options Approach has emerged as a powerful tool, offering strategic flexibility in decision-making under uncertainty. This paper comprehensively analyzes the application of real options for evaluating solar photovoltaic projects in 2008–2023. Analysis of document descriptors (author keywords, index keywords, and noun phrases extracted from titles and abstracts) reveals that the dominant research topics in the last ten years (2014–2023) include investment optimization, strategic analysis, energy policy, optimization of energy generation and investments in wind energy. These descriptors are used to analyze the evolution of research interests on a two-year basis and reveal the yearly evolution of the research topics. Finally, the concept of emergence is used to unveil emerging research trends, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the renewable energy sector. Ultimately, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of how real options analysis empowers decision-makers to make informed choices in advancing clean and sustainable energy solutions.

Renewable Wind Energy Implementation in South America: A Comprehensive Review and Sustainable Prospects

South America is a region that stands out worldwide for its biodiversity of ecosystems, cultural heritage, and potential considering natural resources linked to renewable energies. In the global crisis due to climate change, South American countries have implemented actions to carry out a progressive energy transition from fossil energies to renewable energies and contribute to the planet’s sustainability. In this context, South American countries are implementing green strategies and investment projects linked to wind farms to move towards achieving the sustainable development goals for the year 2030 of the UN agenda and achieving low-carbon economies for the year 2050. This article studies the advances in wind energy implementation in South America, highlighting progress and experiences in these issues through a review of the scientific literature considering the year 2023. The methodology applied in this article was carried out through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the generation of scientific maps. As a result, this article presents the main developments, lessons learned/gaps, and future sustainable prospects on the road to 2050. According to the results, renewable wind energy infrastructure was applied in South America during the global climate change crisis era. Different levels of development in on-shore wind farms have been reached in each country. Also, a promising future exists for off-shore wind energy considering the highest potential. Finally, this article concludes that implementing emerging technologies like the production of green hydrogen and synthetic e-fuels looks like a synergetic clean energy solution combined with wind energy, which may transform the region into a world-class sustainable territory.

Review: Uninterrupted Liquid Hydrogen (E-Methanol) Production framework to deliver Clean & Green Energy

Potential broad impact: Integrating solar, wind, and conventional energy to feed the electrolyze after completion of the electrochemical process will produce two streams of O2 and H2. The hydrogen stream will be stored and provided with uninterrupted feed to a catalytic reactor in the presence of CO2. It will produce EMethanol[1]. However, this depends on these resources' reliability, cost, and availability, with the highest potential for expansion to the size needed for large-scale deployment to produce e-methanol[2]. This is known as electro-fuel, which provides electricity and fuel for electric and diesel vehicles[3][4]. As witnessed the versatility of Hydrogen in these applications highlights its significance in various industrial sectors. As the world looks towards sustainable and clean energy solutions, the role of Hydrogen is expected to grow even further [5]. However, the central part of Hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels (known as gray and brown Hydrogen) [6], and only a minimal amount of almost 4% is delivered through an electrolysis process using renewable energy to complete the chemical process [7], known as green Hydrogen. The transition to a more sustainable hydrogen economy involves scaling up the production of green Hydrogen through electrolysis and advancing technologies to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with this process [8],[9]. Recently research indicated that production and consumption of the Green Hydrogen is the future of sustainable power delivery by replacing fossil fuel [10]. The fossil and Biomass also catalyzing the GHG (Green House Gases) with high carbon intensity, this is biggest challenge to deliver clean energy [11]. In the first instance, this research proposed an integrated Modular, which incorporate Renewable(photovoltaic) and Conventional Power sources to complete electrolysis process and its port equipment(s) to deliver uninterrupted clean Energy inform of Liquid Green Hydrogen for Electricity and to replace diesel [12]]13].

Analytical Analysis of the Bladeless Rotor Turbine Design for Enhanced Performance

The growing desire for clean and efficient energy solutions has fueled considerable advances in turbine technology. This study proposed a conceptual approach to enhancing the performance of bladeless turbines using an analytical technique, and the analytical solutions bear a resemblance to the experimental setup for a fluid dynamics investigation of a rotor for real-flow effects. The Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow in cylindrical coordinates were simplified to two-dimensional flow by ignoring axial direction and velocity, and direct integration was used in conjunction with series expansion solutions. The experiment data were used to verify the rotor's fluid dynamics analytical solutions. The model's result was compared to previously calculated solutions of the fluid dynamics of a disc rotor in a bladeless turbine. The disc turbine models were used to predict radial velocity, tangential velocity, pressure gradient, volumetric flow rate, rotor torque, shear stress on the inner and outer disc walls, and rotor efficiency. The model was validated using experimental data with an efficiency of 23.9%, the theoretical solution model was 34%, and the analytical efficiency was 24.3%. The efficiency comparison of the analytical solutions model to the theoretical solutions model revealed a substantial difference, however, the correlation between computed theoretical and analytical results is significant. Previous studies used computed solutions for models, but current analytical solutions outperformed them. The model's output will be valuable to engineers building the disc turbine. It demonstrates a strong link between the analytical and experimental research of the bladeless turbine.

Spatiotemporal analysis and forecasting of PV systems, battery storage, and EV charging diffusion in California: A graph network approach

Understanding the dynamics of clean energy adoption is crucial for shaping effective energy policies and strategies. To understand the spatiotemporal variability and bottom-up spontaneity of the diffusion of clean energy technologies, this study examined the spatiotemporal diffusion of Photovoltaic (PV) systems, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) across 1773 postcode areas in California over the past 35 years. The Bayesian change point detection algorithm (BCDA) was initially utilized to identify temporal change points in the evolution of these technologies, revealing their diffusion trends over time. Then, the Louvain community detection algorithm (LCDA) was employed to elucidate spatial diffusion patterns across regions, offering insights into the geographic proliferation of clean energy solutions. Furthermore, to forecast future distributions, the spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (STGCN) model was applied, adeptly capturing the multi-stage, nonlinear characteristics of clean energy diffusion marked by significant spatiotemporal interactions. With historical data and spatial proximity, the STGCN model demonstrated fine forecasting precision (R^2 ≥ 0.78). This study validates the effectiveness of a graph network-based approach for analyzing the diffusion of clean energy technologies. It recommends policies tailored to account for technological maturity, geographic disparities, and diffusion stages, aiming for equitable and sustainable clean energy development in the region.

Investigating the Electronic Properties and Stability of Rh3 Clusters on Rutile TiO2 for Potential Photocatalytic Applications.

Addressing the pressing needs for alternatives to fossil fuel-based energy sources, this research explores the intricate interplay between Rhodium (Rh3) clusters and titanium dioxide (TiO2) to improve photocatalytic water splitting for the generation of eco-friendly hydrogen. This research applies the density functional theory (DFT) coupled with the Hartree-Fock theory to meticulously examine the structural and electronic structures of Rh3 clusters on TiO2 (110) interfaces. Considering the photocatalytic capabilities of TiO2 and its inherent limitations in harnessing visible light, the potential for metals such as Rh3 clusters to act as co-catalysts is assessed. The results show that triangular Rh3 clusters demonstrate remarkable stability and efficacy in charge transfer when integrated into rutile TiO2 (110), undergoing oxidation in optimal adsorption conditions and altering the electronic structures of TiO2. The subsequent analysis of TiO2 surfaces exhibiting defects indicates that Rh3 clusters elevate the energy necessary for the formation of an oxygen vacancy, thereby enhancing the stability of the metal oxide. Additionally, the combination of Rh3-cluster adsorption and oxygen-vacancy formation generates polaronic and localized states, crucial for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of metal oxide in the visible light range. Through the DFT analysis, this study elucidates the importance of Rh3 clusters as co-catalysts in TiO2-based photocatalytic frameworks, paving the way for empirical testing and the fabrication of effective photocatalysts for hydrogen production. The elucidated impact on oxygen vacancy formation and electronic structures highlights the complex interplay between Rh3 clusters and TiO2 surfaces, providing insightful guidance for subsequent studies aimed at achieving clean and sustainable energy solutions.

A comparative study of AI-driven techno-economic analysis for grid-tied solar PV-fuel cell hybrid power systems

The increasing global demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions has led to the integration of “renewable energy sources” and innovative technologies in power generation systems. In this context, “grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV)-fuel cell hybrid power systems” have drawn considerable interest because of their potential to provide reliable and efficient energy generation. However, the complex interaction between solar PV and fuel cell components and the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources necessitates a comprehensive techno-economic analysis. This research paper presents a comparative study of AI-driven approaches for conducting techno-economic analysis of “grid-tied solar PV-fuel cell hybrid power systems.” The study uses various AI techniques to analyze these hybrid systems' performance, economic viability, and environmental impact.

Comparative Analysis of Single Stage and Dual Stage PV Based Generation System for Pollution Reduction in Asian Nations

The growing need for sustainable and clean energy solutions has elevated photovoltaic (PV) systems to the forefront of competitive options. In order to evaluate the performance and viability of single-stage and dual-stage single-phase PV voltage source inverter systems within the context of renewable energy, this study undertakes a thorough comparative analysis. MATLAB Simulink has been used to run the simulations, and the results produced show that the selected configurations are robust and closely match theoretical expectations. The study explores the subtle distinctions, benefits, and drawbacks that come with single- and dual-stage systems. By extensively evaluating the consequences on system stability, grid synchronisation, and power quality, useful insights emerge. The simplicity and efficiency of the single-stage system are demonstrated by the direct connectivity between the PV MPPT output and the inverter. In contrast, the dual-stage system addresses the issue of low PV output voltage by incorporating a boost converter with an MPPT algorithm, albeit at the expense of more parts and complexity. The research described here adds a great deal to the current discussion on PV system optimization. The study notably clarifies methods for improving dependability and efficiency in applications involving renewable energy. With the increasing worldwide trend towards sustainable energy, it is critical to comprehend the subtle dynamics of various PV setups. In addition to offering a comprehensive grasp of the complexities involved in single- and dual-stage single-phase PV voltage source inverter systems, this research paves the way for future developments in the planning and execution of effective renewable energy solutions especially for Asian nations that still rely on coal-based power plants. Increased contribution of solar based electricity generation will lead to a significant drop in pollution contributed by the ash and gases released by thermal power plants that employ fossil fuels. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide information to stakeholders in the renewable energy industry so that they may make more informed decisions and create PV systems that are both sustainable for the environment and efficient for the utility.

The role of graphene and molybdenum disulfide in rechargeable energy storage systems: Perspective and challenges

AbstractTo offset the intermittent nature, renewable energy sources must be paired with energy storage systems (ESS) to cater to the demand for clean energy solutions. The performance characteristics requirements of these ESS are application‐specific, say batteries are characterized by their high energy capacity while supercapacitors offer greater power density. Currently, the research concentration in this domain is on improving the performance parameters of proven energy storage chemistries. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials characterized by high specific surface area, and tunable physical and electrical properties are explored extensively to enhance ESS performance. This review comprehends the progress made by two typical 2D materials, Graphene and Molybdenum disulfide, to enhance the energy/ power capacity, and life span of a few chosen rechargeable storage chemistries, lithium‐ion, lithium‐sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, and flow batteries. Further the review presents the current state of ESS, the challenges identified so far which restrict their capacity and life span, and the solutions employed to date. Finally, the challenges associated with these solutions are critically analyzed to suggest future directions and research perspectives in this domain.

Enhancing sustainable energy production through biomass gasification gas technology: a review

This proposed research investigates the sustainable and innovative use of biomass gasification for generating electricity. Biomass gasification is a versatile and eco-friendly technology that converts organic materials, such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, and even municipal solid waste, into a valuable source of clean energy. This research delves into the various aspects of this technology, including its processes, efficiency, environmental impact, and potential applications in power generation. Biomass gasification gas, often referred to as syngas, presents a promising avenue for addressing the rising energy demand while lowering greenhouse gas emissions and preventing climate change. This research seeks to offer a thorough insight into the principles and practices behind biomass gasification, highlighting its role in the transition towards a sustainable and renewable energy future. The research will investigate the technical and economic feasibility of utilizing biomass gasification gas for electricity generation, examining the benefits, challenges, and opportunities associated with this alternative energy source. By addressing critical issues such as feedstock availability, gasifier technology, gas cleaning processes, and power plant integration, this study seeks to offer valuable insights into the potential of biomass gasification gas as a clean and renewable energy solution.

Development of a 1.0 KVA Fuelless Generator

A 1.0 KVA fuelless generator has been developed. The crave for sustainable energy solution has led to the exploration of emerging technologies targeted at reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing environmental impact. One such technology is the development of fuelless generators, which harness renewable energy sources or utilize unconventional mechanisms to generate electricity. This power producing mechanism is aimed to develop a targeted 1KVA power capacity through innovative design strategies. Detailed graphical modeling of the orthographic projection and isometric views brought about enhanced machine components development for stability and reliability. Careful selection of conductor materials and design considerations ensured efficient power transmission, minimizing losses within the system. Integration of power factor correction capacitors and advanced control algorithms contributed to achieving a power factor close to unity, optimizing energy utilization. Comprehensive performance testing validated the functionality and reliability of the developed generator under various load conditions. The development of a fuelless generator with a battery power capacity of 0.85 Kw, torque of 14.48 Nm, resistance of 48.35 ohms, current of 4.55 Amperes and a power factor of 0.85 signifies a significant breakthrough in sustainable energy generation. The performance test showed that that an input response brought about an increase in load (W). The success of developing the generator not only demonstrates the feasibility of clean and sustainable energy solutions but also underscores the potential for further advancements in fuelless generator technology towards a more reviving energy prospect.

The role of salt basins in the race to net zero: a focus on Australian basins and key research topics

Globally, many salt basins host highly productive fossil fuel resources and provide excellent opportunities for developing economically viable clean energy systems such as (1) energy storage in salt caverns, including hydrogen, helium, natural gas, and other economic gases; (2) permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide; (3) development of geothermal energy; (4) critical mineral exploration and extraction, and (5) natural hydrogen production. Despite the high potential to deploy financially viable clean energy solutions related to the formation and evolution of salt basins, our current knowledge regarding critical aspects of salt basin characterisation in Australia is limited. New research is necessary to develop these sustainable energy systems and achieve net zero emissions; therefore, it is critical to re-evaluate the geology of salt basins. Key research areas to enable these opportunities relate to the precipitation, deposition, and deformation of salt basins. This paper reviews the potential for a range of energy systems within salt basins, outlines emerging research topics, and demonstrates the value of Australian salt basin outcrop analogues for improved subsurface interpretation globally.

The urgency of hydrogen: environmental issues and the need for change

While hydrogen adoption is progressing in different industries, challenges remain. The availability of a well-developed hydrogen infrastructure, including production, storage, and distribution, is a prerequisite for broader adoption. Additionally, cost reduction through technological advancements and economies of scale is essential to make hydrogen competitive with existing energy sources. Collaborative efforts between industry, governments, and research institutions are necessary to address these challenges. Hydrogen has the potential to play a significant role in achieving decarbonization goals and transitioning to a sustainable energy future. By completely changing to a hydrogen model, the rise in global temperatures would start to revert to a normal stage after multiple years. In light of these considerations, this article aims to comprehensively review the imperative need to transition to hydrogen fuel as a pivotal component of our sustainable energy future. Furthermore, it seeks to scrutinize and dissect the unique challenges that different regions across the globe face in embracing hydrogen as a clean energy solution. By shedding light on these challenges and emphasizing the collaborative efforts required between industry, governments, and research institutions, this article aims to contribute to the discourse on harnessing hydrogen's potential to combat climate change and steer us toward a more sustainable and decarbonized future.

Theoretical exploration of copper based electrolytes for third generation dye sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) present a promising avenue for addressing the escalating need for clean energy solutions. These innovative cells offer a sustainable approach to meet the rising demands for environmentally friendly power sources. An assessment was conducted on a copper complex containing a hexadentate ligand, serving as a redox shuttle, alongside triphenylamine-based organic dyes in the construction of DSSC. This study thoroughly investigates the electronic structures, FMO, MEP surfaces, and photophysical properties of copper redox shuttle and triphenylamine dyes employing DFT and TDDFT calculations. The copper system, [Cu(bpyPY4)]2+/+, analyzed in this study, is anchored by the hexadentate polypyridyl ligand bpyPY4 (6,6′-bis(1,1-di(pyridine-2-yl)ethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine), scrutinized as a redox shuttle (RS). The assessed redox potential for [Cu(bpyPY4)]2+/+ is −4.67 eV. This indicates that the dye can effectively undergo regeneration by transferring electrons from the reduced form of the redox shuttle to the oxidized form of the dye. The photovoltaic efficiency has been analyzed with regard to various factors, including the energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO, the excited-state oxidation potential (Edye*), electron injection ability (∆Ginj), electron regeneration (∆Greg), light harvesting efficiency, short-circuit current density (JSC) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc). This study sheds light on present-day developments and forthcoming prospects in utilizing 3d transition metal-based redox shuttles, presenting them as compelling candidates for integration with organic dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). This integration holds promise for more efficient solar spectrum absorption and enhanced performance of solar devices.

EAE Scenarios for Clean Energy Solution Providers in Tanzania

This publication offers clean energy solution providers in Tanzania an updated geospatial database for operating mini-grids through Energy Access Explorer (EAE), a “Digital Public Good” software. The database is a collaboration between local actors in the private and public sectors following agreed data standards. The publication also demonstrates the potential use of EAE in developing market expansion geospatial analysis. Showing how geospatial data can assist in expanding businesses and introducing targeted investment towards developing resilient communities.

Harmonizing nature and nanotechnology: Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Lavandula stoechas extract for environmental and biomedical applications

Nanoparticles, owing to their distinctive physical and chemical attributes, play pivotal roles in advancing nanomedicine and environmental technologies, particularly in the development of therapeutic systems and clean energy solutions. In this study, we achieved the synthesis of silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing Lavandula stoechas extract (LSE@Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles) for the first time. The characterization of nanoparticles involved Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. XRD and TEM results illustrated a crystalline structure, spherical shape, and a size range of approximately 45–65 nm for the synthesized nanoparticles. The photocatalytic property of LSE@Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles was assessed through the degradation of gentamicin. Optimization reactions, encompassing nanocatalyst dosage, light source, and antibiotic concentration, were conducted to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. Remarkably, under optimal conditions, LSE@Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a remarkable 93.7 % degradation of gentamicin in just 100 min. Additionally, the antifungal and antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains were investigated. Notably, the highest antibacterial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus strains with concentrations of 250, 125, 62.5, and 250 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of LSE@Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles against the HT-29 cancer cell line was explored, revealing an IC50 value of 21.37 μg/ml. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated potent antioxidant capabilities, with a 79.8 % DPPH removal percentage for LSE@Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles. These findings underscore the multifaceted properties of the synthesized nanoparticles, holding promising prospects for applications in both medical and environmental sciences.