Clean Cup Research Articles

Fatty acid composition and sensory properties as descriptors of differentiation of specialty coffees based on spontaneous and induced processing methods

The composition of fatty acids (FA) and sensory properties of specialty coffees from Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru, Ethiopia, Kenya, Burundi, and Rwanda processed by spontaneous methods (i.e., natural, washed, and honey) and induced methods (i.e., anaerobic fermentation and carbonic maceration) were determined. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidic acids and 10 important attributes of the coffee such as fragrance/aroma, flavour, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, overall, uniformity, clean cup, sweetness, and total score were evaluated. The FA composition and sensory scores following the Specialty Coffee American Association protocols were used to differentiate 19 coffee samples based on the processing method. Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively differentiated coffees processed by spontaneous methods from those processed by induced methods. Notably, Peruvian coffee processed by carbonic maceration exhibited the highest linoleic acid content, while the same coffee processed naturally showed the highest palmitic acid content. All coffee samples scored 10 points for uniformity, clean cup, and sweetness. The highest total scores for the spontaneous processing methods were 88.75 (washed Kenyan) and 87.75 (washed Ethiopian) but ranged from 82.75 to 85.00 for the other coffees. For the best specialty coffees processed by induced methods, scores ranged from 87.25 to 88.00 in seven out of nine coffees. Coffees from different geographical areas processed with innovative methods, such as anaerobic fermentation, carbonic maceration, and high-scoring spontaneously processed coffees, were among the highest qualities.

Sensory quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.): Influence of tree diversity and harvest segmentation in agroforestry systems

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is a globally important agricultural crop with increasing quality requirements. However, the challenges posed by climate change impact cup quality. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the influence of tree diversity and crop segmentation under agroforestry systems on the sensory characteristics of coffee. The study employed a 4A*3B factorial design, with factor A: agroforestry systems (mixed system, shade-free system, system with Erythrina edulis and system with Inga edulis) and factor B: segmented harvest (upper, middle, and lower third cherries). Fragrance/aroma, flavor, residual flavor, acidity, body, uniformity, balance, clean cup, sweetness, cupper's score, and final score were evaluated. The results suggest that coffee trees planted in mixed systems provide the best sensory characteristics of coffee in the cup since the highest averages were obtained in most of the variables evaluated. Likewise, it is concluded that the diversity of trees (mixed system and system with Erythrina edulis) has a positive influence on the sensory quality of the coffee, reaching a score of 82.86 and 82.64 for the mixed system and the system with Erythrina edulis respectively; categorizing them as specialty coffees. Agroforestry systems constitute an option for developing sustainable agriculture while improving the sensory quality of coffee in the Peruvian Amazon.

Use of a Menstrual Cup to Assist in Diagnosis of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes [ID 2683492

INTRODUCTION: Several methods exist for diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), including pooling on speculum exam, nitrazine test, arborization under microscopy, immunoassay, and amnio-dye test. Diagnostic accuracy is particularly important for PPROM because a missed diagnosis may result in life-threatening maternal and fetal consequences. We present a novel method for evaluating PPROM in equivocal cases using a menstrual cup. METHODS: Written informed consent was obtained for submission of a case report. A 36-year-old G6P5005 at 29 2/7 weeks presented with leakage of fluid. She was found to have negative pooling on speculum exam, negative arborization on microscopy, a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of 4.0 cm, and a negative urinalysis. She was discharged with precautions and returned 2 days later with persistent symptoms. Workup again showed no pooling, no arborization, and a normal MVP. The patient suggested using a menstrual cup to capture her intermittent leakage of fluid. She wore a menstrual cup for 30 minutes in triage. A sample of the fluid tested positive for arborization. She was admitted to labor and delivery for latency antibiotics, betamethasone, and fetal and maternal monitoring. CONCLUSION: Preterm premature rupture of membranes can occur without overt vaginal pooling due to small volume leakage. Conventional testing is less sensitive when pooling is absent. In these cases, a menstrual cup may help facilitate diagnosis and avoid invasive tests such as the amnio-dye test. Care must be taken to use a clean menstrual cup without gel, limit the duration of menstrual cup use to avoid infection, and to distinguish arborization of amniotic fluid from that of cervical mucus.

AMBA CUP: Ensuring Accuracy in Measurement of Volume of Water for Salt Sugar Solution or Oral Rehydration Solution Preparation in Diarrhea Management.

Diarrhea remains a major cause of under-five mortality globally. In 2016, it accounted for 8% of under-five mortality worldwide. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries. Fluid replacement using Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) or Salt Sugar Solution (SSS), has been the mainstay of diarrhea management. Gaps in knowledge and practice regarding the preparation of these solutions have been identified by various researchers. One challenge encountered by healthcare providers and caregivers of under-five children has been lack of a standard, easy to clean cup for measurement of accurate volume of water for ORS or SSS preparation. Soft drink bottles, which are currently being used, are difficult to clean because of their narrow necks. More so, the size and volume of these bottles change so often that non-numerate caregivers get easily confused. The aim of this paper is to introduce the AMBA CUP, an easy-to-clean cup that can be used to accurately measure one litre of water for SSS or ORS preparation.

Magnitude and predisposing factors of intestinal parasitosis and tuberculosis coinfection at five health institutions in Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Intestinal parasites affect the tuberculosis disease outcome by shifting the cell-mediated to humoral immune response and host immune system suppression. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection favors the immune escape of parasites. Hence, exploring the rate of intestinal parasitic coinfection with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its predisposing factors to take better preventive, control, and management measures. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2020 at five health institutions in Hawassa city. A total of 214 PTB patients were diagnosed using the GeneXpert assay and enrolled in this study. Demographic, clinical, and risk factors data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected using a clean, labeled, and leak-proof stool cup. Stool samples were examined using direct saline microscopy and the formal-ether concentration technique. The data were entered and coded in SPSS software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify the associated risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall rate of intestinal parasitic-MTB coinfection was 36.9%. The most dominant intestinal parasite was Gardia lamblia (17.8%, 38), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (9.3%, 20). Intestinal parasitosis coinfection of PTB was associated with being rural resident (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-4.8), not washing of fruits and vegetables before eating [AOR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.92-9], being at the early stage of anti-TB treatment [AOR = 3; 95% CI: 1.5-6.3] and presence of chronic diseases [AOR = 7; 95% CI: 3.4-14]. The burden of intestinal parasites-MTB coinfection was high. Those who wash fruits and vegetables before eating should be encouraged, early treatment of PTB patients and avoiding the practice of open-field defecation, especially in rural communities, is necessary. The dual effect of coinfection on disease severity and treatment success needs further cohort study.

Influence of drying air temperature on coffee quality during storage

Drying is the most important stage for maintaining coffee quality. The temperature conditions at which drying is performed can affect bean integrity. This research was developed with the aim of determining the effect of mechanical drying air temperature on the quality of coffee during storage and verifying its effect on the generation of bleached beans evaluating two air temperatures at 50 and 40 °C, and solar drying was used as a control, using an experimental design of random blocks with 10 blocks. The response variables were related to beans color and sensory quality. The analysis of repeated measures indicated that there were differences in the initial color of the coffee beans due to the effect of the treatments and the storage time. A greater magnitude of color change was obtained for coffee dried at 50 °C and that dried with solar drying. Germination was lower and different for the 50 °C treatment. This treatment also showed greater fat content since the beginning of the storage; meanwhile, the two other treatments just presented greater fat content at the end of the experiment. Regarding to sample proportion of clean cups, the multiple comparison Tukey–Kramer test was significantly different in terms of favoring solar drying at 40 °C. The effect of the drying conditions on beans has not been appreciated; however, the deterioration generated during this stage occurs during storage and manifests itself in a loss of quality, with an increase in defects.

Bean quality and taste of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) from Bale village on Halmahera Island, Indonesia

North Maluku is one of the provinces producing Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) in Indonesia. Although coffee production is smaller than in other provinces, coffee can be found in many locations in the provinces, namely Halmahera Island, Bacan, Obi, Tidore, and Ternate. Bale Village, located on Halmahera Island, is one of the villages in the Oba sub-district, Tidore Island. The village is known on Halmahera Island, Ternate Island, and the surrounding areas as a producer of coffee beans and coffee powder. Some of the people in the village live as farmers and home coffee entrepreneurs using traditional processing methods. The quality and taste of the coffee beans from smallholder coffee plantations from Halmahera Island, especially Bale Village, need to be studied to set the status of bean quality and taste of local coffee in Indonesia. This study is an effort to gain an initial illustration that will become a foundation for a comprehensive local coffee development in North Maluku. It will encourage resorts to generate local coffee with a unique taste that is widely known, favored by many people, and has the potential to be a Geographical Indicator (IG) of Halmahera coffee. The research result indicates that Robusta coffee beans from Bale Village Halmahera Island are free from live insects, not rotten or moldy, and do not contain foreign matters with moisture content meets the general requirement of SNI 01-2907-2008. The result of quality testing of Robusta coffee beans from Bale village is within the criteria of quality 4b in the SNI 01-2907-2008. The attributes of coffee taste consisting of fragrance/aroma, flavour, bitter/sweet, and mouthfeel/body are in an excellent category, whereas clean cup and uniformity are in an outstanding category. The final score and cup testing is 84.62, which is in the specialty coffee category.

Mapping of coffee land zoning based on sensory attributes of wine coffee

The primary aimed of this study is to carry out land zoning of Arabica coffee area based on the characteristics of organoleptic sensory attributes with the optimal taste of coffee wine at different levels of altitudes. The study was conducted on the hillsides of Mount Bawakaraeng Lompobattang, South Sulawesi Province which has Arabica coffee plants at different altitudes, namely, 1000-1200 m.asl (A), 1200-1400 m.asl (B), 1400-1600 m.asl (C), and 1600-1800 m.asl (D). Quality tests of coffee beans and organoleptic sensory attribute taste tests were carried out including fragrance or aroma, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, uniformity, balance, clean cup, sweetness, overall, and taint or defect. The results of the study showed that the coffee beans were classified as quality 1 with large bean size; while the characteristics of uniformity, clean cup, and sweetness are the basic or essential characteristics of the coffee beans tested in this study because they showed the highest score of 10 and this score is consistent for all levels of altitudes. The results of compiling organoleptic sensory attribute data and satellite imagery analysis were used for mapping potential coffee fields with Specialty Grade, covering area of 20,025.54 ha or equal to 2.00% of the research area of 1,011,693 ha. In addition, coffee land zones can also be mapped with the level of coffee wine taste based on the distribution pattern of dominant organoleptic sensory attributes at different altitude. The order of the optimal level of coffee wine taste can be written as the land zoning, as follows: D > B > C > A. The land zoning D covers an area of 3,351.60 ha; B 5,738.53 ha; C 4,381.27 ha; and A 3,552.10 ha. Overall, it can be concluded that the taste of wine coffee tends to be better or optimal as the level of altitude increases.Key words: Altitude; anaerobic fermentation; geographic information system; hillsides; specialty grade.

Effect of Fermentation with The Addition of Yeast Tape on The Sensory Quality of Gayo Arabica Coffee

This research has a purpose to evaluate the impact of fermentation with the addition of tape yeast affected the sensory quality of Gayo arabica coffee. The coffee processing process is accomplished naturally anaerobically with a dose of yeast addition tape of 0, 10, 30, and 60 grams. The attributes evaluated by the certified panelists were acidity, aftertaste, fragrance, flavor, body, sweetness, uniformity, clean cup, balance, defect, and overalls. The results revealed that fermentation with yeast additions of 0 grams and 10 grams did not significantly impact the sensory arabica coffee Gayo’s quality. The addition of 30 grams and 60 grams of yeast tape shows a noticeable difference in the resulting sensory quality.

Predictors of Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers in Goba Town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020.

Background Globally, around 1.9 million people were dying due to food-borne diseases annually, and intestinal parasites infected one-third of the population, according to estimates and more prevalent in developing countries due to poverty. This study assessed predictors of intestinal parasites among food handlers working in Goba towns. Methods A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020. Clean, dry, and leak-proof stool cups were used to collect the samples. The SPSS version 20 computer software was used to enter and clean the data, code it, and analyze it. The researchers performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses, with a p value of 0.05 considered significant. Result A total of 98 (34%) of the 288 food workers tested positive for various intestinal parasites. Giardia lamblia was the most common parasite, with 42 (14.6%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar with 31 (10.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides with 8 (2.8%), Taenia species with 5 (1.7%), and E. vermicularis with 4 (1.4%). Six (2%) of the 98 positive food handlers had two infections. E. histolytica and G. lamblia were the most common parasites found in mixed infections. Hand washing with soap and water before handling food (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.16, 7.26) and untrimmed fingernail status (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.34) were found to be strongly linked to intestinal parasite infection. Conclusion In this investigation, intestinal parasite species were found in 34% of stool samples. Independent predictors of intestinal parasite infection were fingernail status and hand washing with water and soap use before food handling. To control intestinal parasite infection among food handlers in the research area, personal hygiene and ambient cleanliness should be improved.

The Quality of Arabica Coffee Beans Evaluation at Various Processing in Luwu Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Arabica coffee plantations in Luwu Regency are planted at elevations above 1,000 mdpl, so that the Arabica coffee clones planted can produce high-quality coffee flavors. The aims of this study were to determine the physical, chemical, and taste profile of Arabica coffee Luwu in order to increase the added value and competitiveness of the product. The research was conducted using a survey method on Arabica coffee plantations in Latimojong District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Sampling using purposive random sampling method and analyzed in duplicate. Samples of coffee variants were obtained from several farmers and from several levels of the coffee trade system around Luwu Regency. Analysis of physical quality characters includes levels of live insects, foul-smelling seeds/mold, moisture content, dirt content, and special quality requirements on seed size, number of seed chips, and defect values. The chemical analysis includes water, ash, caffeine, protein, and fat. The taste of brewed coffee in an organoleptic manner refers to the Specialty Coffee Association of America/SCA standard covering aroma/fragrance, flavor, body, acidity, aftertaste, sweetness, balance, clean cup, uniformity, and overall. Based on the results of the study, the coffee beans met the general quality requirements, there were no live insects, no foul-smelling and/or moldy beans, moisture content of 12.5%, and a maximum dirt content of 0.5%. The value of ash content is 4.344%-5.514%, fat content is 11.194%-14.067%, the highest protein content is 11.687%-13.719%, the highest caffeine content is 0.041%-0.064%. The results of the taste test showed that ten samples had the potential for specialty coffee with a score above 8 and two samples below a score of 8.

Analysis of cupping, colour and caffeine content of Gayo Arabica coffee

The Gayo Arabica coffee are processed with natural, semi-washed, and full-washed methods. The aim of this study was to determine the colour, caffeine and protein contents along with cupping test of the green beans after the differences in the processing methods. Based on cupping test, all attributes such as the uniformity, clean cup and sweetness get maximum scores, above 80, meaning the beans are classified as specialty coffee. The colour of all beans were reddish-yellow especially in semi-wet and wet processed seeds. The caffeine and protein content of all coffee types ranged from 0.70 ± 0.02% to 0.99 ± 0.03% and 7.74 ± 0.43% to 10.04 ± 1.39%, respectively. The values have met the quality standard of Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-3542-2004). This preliminary results will be continued by storing the coffee beans up to 12 months at room temperature. This study related to the environmental balance and sustainability of coffee plants. The finding results confirmed that the Gayo Arabica coffee can still be classified as specialty although the coffee cherries are processed with various methods.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among primary school children in Dessie City, Ethiopia.

BackgroundIntestinal parasitosis is a major public health problem that affects the health of primary school children in low- and middle-income countries where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions are deficient. Since there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and associated factors of this problem among primary school children in Dessie City in Ethiopia, this study was designed to address these gaps.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 stratified-sampled primary school children in five primary schools at Dessie City from April to June 2018. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, an observation checklist and laboratory analysis of stool samples. Stool specimen from each study participant was collected using clean, properly labeled and leak-proof stool cup. A portion of stool from each study participant collected sample was processed using saline wet mount technique and examined by microscope. The remaining specimens were preserved with 10% formalin and transported to Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital laboratory to be processed by using formol-ether concentration technique. Then, slide smears were prepared from each processed stool specimen and finally, it was microscopically examined with 10x as well as 40x objectives for the presence or absence of intestinal parasites. Factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis were determined using binary logistic regression model at 95% CI (confidence interval). Thus, bivariate (COR [crude odds ratio]) and multivariable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio]) logistic regression analyses were carried out. From the multivariable analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis among primary school children.Main findingsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was found to be 16.0% (95% CI: 12.5–19.4%), of these, 50.8% were positive for protozoa, 32.2% for helminth infections and 16.9% for double co-infections. Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent parasite (29.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (21.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18.5%), Hymenolepis nana (9.2%) and Enterobius vermicularis (4.6%). Prevalence rates were similar among government (16.3%) and private (15.7%) school children. Water consumption was less than 5 liters per capita per day in 4 of the 5 schools. Thirty-eight (9.3%) of primary school students reported that they practiced open defecation. About two-thirds (285, 70.0%) said they always washed their hands after defecation. Mother’s education (illiterate) (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.20–9.37), father’s education (illiterate) (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.40–10.82), fathers who could read and write (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.25–7.86), handwashing before meal (sometimes) (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.11–4.17) and poor knowledge of WASH (AOR = 9.3; 95% CI: 2.17–16.70) were statistically associated with presence of intestinal parasitic infections.ConclusionWe concluded that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the study area among Grades 4–8 primary school children had public health significance. Factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis among primary school children’s were illiterate mothers and fathers, irregular handwashing of children before meals, and poor knowledge of WASH. Health education to improve students’ WASH knowledge and mass deworming for parasites are recommended as preventive measures; and improvements to the quality of WASH facilities in primary schools are strongly recommended to support these measures.

Perbandingan Prediksi Kualitas Kopi Arabika dengan Menggunakan Algoritma SGD, Random Forest dan Naive Bayes

Classification is one of the techniques that exist in data mining and is useful for grouping a data based on the attachment of the data with the sample data. The dataset that is used in this study is the coffee dataset taken from Dataset Coffee Quality Institute on the GitHub platform. The attributes that contained in the dataset are Aroma, Aftertaste, Flavor, Acidity, Balance, Body, Uniformity, Sweetness, Clean Cup, and Copper points. There are 3 classification methods that are used in this study, Stochastic Gradient Descent, Random Forest and Naive Bayes. The aim of this study is to find out which algorithm is the most effective to predict the coffee quality in the dataset. After that, the prediction results will be tested using K-Fold Cross Validation and Area Under the Curve (AUC) method. The results show that Stochastic Gradient Descent obtained the best accuracy results compared to the other two methods with an accuracy of 98% and increased to 99% after tested using K-fold Cross Validation and AUC method.

Prevalence and Determinants of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections among School Children at Goro Primary School, South West Shewa, Ethiopia.

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH)/geohelminths are human parasitic nematodes which need soil contact for their egg development and become infectious. It is widely prevalent in developing countries. In Ethiopia, too, the same problem exists although the prevalence varies from place to place depending on the presence of risk factors and hygienic status of the community. Therefore, the current study is designed to assess the prevalence and determinants of STH among school children at Goro Primary School of Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed from April to June 2019. The stool samples were collected in prelabeled, clean, and leak-proof stool cups and examined immediately. Direct wet mount and formalin ether concentration techniques were utilized to detect the STHs in a stool sample collected from all study subjects. A total of 387 stool samples were analyzed. Moreover, community- and individual-level risk factors associated with STH infection were assessed using semistructured questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections observed at the study area was 15.8% (n = 61/387). Among these, the most abundant STH parasite was hookworms (n = 39/61, 63.93%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (n = 22/61, 36.06%). Factors independently associated with soil-transmitted helminth infections were children from illiterate mother (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.8, P = 0.021), lack of habit of wearing shoes (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2.0-8.5, P < 0.001), lack of frequent handwashing practice before meal (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.5, P = 0.019), use of unprotected drinking water (AOR = 39, CI:3.9-393, P = 0.002), and presence of dirt in their fingernails (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.8-6.9, P < 0.001). Conclusions STH infection observed in the study area could be classified into the low-risk area group (according to the World Health Organization classification) calling for none or case-by-case treatment. Thus, enhancing awareness of the community in the study area on how to keep personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is quite important to keep the burden to a controllable level, besides implementation of regular deworming program in the locality.

Inter‐rater reliability of “clean cup” scores by coffee experts

AbstractCupping scores from experts are extensively used in the coffee industry for a variety of applications, from quality control to judging coffee competitions. In this paper, we examined inter‐rater reliability (IRR) of “clean cup” ratings by coffee experts (“cuppers”) in two studies. In both studies, IRR reliability was found to be low, denoting a lack of concept alignment among experts. Remarkably, however, within‐assessor reproducibility was high, suggesting that expert cuppers have their own individual understanding of “clean cup.”Practical applicationsThe results presented suggested that “clean cup” scores have a fundamentally subjective nature. Since cupping scores are routinely used to drive business decisions (particularly in the context of quality control), it would be advisable that such attributes be anchored in a precise definition (in the case of “clean cup” of what constitute a defect from a sensory point of view) developed based on properly conducted sensory studies.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Its Associated Factors Among School Children in Two Primary Schools in Harbu Town, North East Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are major health problems in many developing countries. School children between the ages of 5 and 15 years suffer the highest infection rate and parasitic burden that are attributed to poor sanitation and hygiene. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of IPIs among school children is high (ranging from 66.7% to 83.8%).MethodsSchool-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two primary schools at Harbu Town, Northeast Ethiopia from February to May, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants from the two school compounds. The sample size was determined by a single population proportion statistical formula and the minimum numbers of study participants defined were 400 school children. Socio-demographic and risk factor-related information were collected using structured questionnaire. Data about detection and identification of intestinal parasites were obtained from laboratory examination of stool specimen by using wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Stool specimen from each study participant was collected using clean, properly labeled and leak-proof stool cup. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.ResultsOut of a total of 400 study participants, 86 (21.5%) were found with one or more IPIs. Six different types of intestinal parasites were identified, Entamoeba histolytica was the most 33 (8.3%) detected parasite followed by Hymenolopis nana 19 (4.8%) and Schistosoma mansoni 19 (4.8%). The least identified parasite was Giardia lamblia, detected only from four study participants. Male study participants showed 2.42 times risk (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.25–4.7, P = 0.009) of acquiring parasitic infection than female. Presence of water body near to home and having contact with water bodies showed 7.64 (AOR= 7.64, 95% CI= 3.3–17.8, P= 0.000) and 4.6 (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 2.04–10.57, P= 0.000) times risk of infection with parasitic infection among school children, respectively.ConclusionIPIs were highly prevalent health problem among the two primary school children in Harbu Town. Sex, availability of water bodies near to house and contact with water bodies were having significant association with the prevalence of IPIs.

Design of Household Items Delivery Robot

The household items delivery robot is a multi-functional robot mainly facing the delivery and handling of household goods. It can handle a variety of items while delivering them, such as cup cleaning and fruit cutting. It achieves the grabbing and delivery of various items through multi-degree of freedom robotic arms and claw-changing devices. Its versatile internal structure enables clean cups, cut fruit and transport items. The multi-functional robot as mainly household goods delivery service will make people living feeling standards having a greater improvement and bring great convenience to home living.

PLOT SIZE FOR EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC AND SENSORIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABICA COFFEE

Coffee cultivation is of great socioeconomic importance for the Espírito Santo State, generating, in addition to direct and indirect jobs, financial resources. According to the first survey of the 2019 crop of CONAB, it is expected a production between 12.5 to 14.7 million of benefited bags. Research on coffee cultivation has contributed to the development of new technologies, but the size of plots for experiments with coffee is variable and based mostly on the researcher's experience. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the optimal sizes of experimental plots to evaluate the pre-harvest, production and sensory characteristics of arabica coffee. The modeling applied in this study allows concluding that according to the data tested, it is possible to recommend the optimum size of experimental plots for arabica coffee, for these edaphoclimatic conditions and variety. The conclusions are as follows: it is recommended to use seven or more arabica coffee plants to evaluate the pre-harvest and harvest characteristics (plant height, plant diameter, vigor, and wet mass), and use, at least, seven plants of arabica coffee to evaluate sensory characteristics (fragrance, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, uniformity, balance, clean cup, sweetness, overall, and total score).

Indikator Atribut Sensori Kopi Specialty Asal Jawa Barat Berbasis Komponen Biokimia

&lt;em&gt;Assessing coffee sensory quality is generally carried out by panelists using cup testing with reference to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) standards. A high level of sensitivity sensory is essential thus it must be done by trained panelists. Given the limitations of the method, a deeper study is required to obtain a standard of assessment of coffee sensory quality based on more reliable and precise analytical methods, one of which is biochemical components. This study was aimed to analyze the sensory quality and biochemical components of Arabica coffee and determine the indicators of sensory attributes based on those biochemical components. The study was conducted at two Arabica coffee-producing areas in West Java from May to September 2019. The biochemical components analyzed included caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid (CGA), sucrose, and lipid, while the sensory attributes assessed were aroma, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, uniformity, sweetness, clean cup, and overall. The survey method with stratified and simple random sampling was used and followed by Two-way Anova and Partial Least Square analysis. Results showed variations in the biochemical content of coffee from the two areas. Lipid has a positive correlation with the aroma and flavor attributes, and negatively correlated with the body attribute. Caffeine has a negative correlation with the aftertaste attribute, whereas CGA has a negative correlation with the acidity attribute. Correlation between biochemical components with sensory attributes showed that the biochemical content acts as an indicator of sensory attributes.&lt;/em&gt;