Clean Coal Technology Research Articles

Study on influencing factors of Coal Microbial Flotation Desulfurization

This study systematically investigates the influence of various factors on microbial flotation desulfurization of coal, with a particular focus on removing organic sulfur. The parameters examined encompass particle size, pretreatment time, bacteria species, bacterial concentration, forms of sulfur occurrence, ash yield, and coal rank. The study aims to develop a thorough understanding of the desulfurization process and establish a theoretical framework for advancing clean coal technology and efficient coal utilization. Stringent control was maintained over parameters such as particle size, pretreatment time, bacterial species, and bacterial concentration. Various forms of sulfur and coal rank were considered to evaluate their impact on desulfurization. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between ash yield reduction and the extent of desulfurization. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were employed in the experimental setup to assess their efficacy in microbial flotation desulfurization. The results demonstrate that microbial flotation desulfurization achieved the highest removal efficiency for organic sulfur, reaching 79.65%. Notably, the desulfurization of organic sulfur exhibited an increasing trend with decreasing coal rank. Correlation analysis reveals a positive correlation between ash yield and desulfurization, suggesting that high mineral matter content in coal facilitates microbial flotation desulfurization and enhances biological oxidation. Comparative analysis of single strain and mixed strain experiments revealed varying degrees of improvement in desulfurization extent, with the mixed-bacteria system exhibiting the most effective removal of organic sulfur, which suggests that Rhodotorula mucilaginosa can significantly enhance microbial flotation desulfurization. Overall, this research provides systematic insights into the influence of process conditions and geological factors on coal desulfurization. The study establishes a theoretical foundation for the development of clean coal technology and the efficient utilization of coal resources, contributing to the advancement of environmentally friendly practices in the coal industry.

Techno-economic Analysis of a Solid Fuel Testing Facility for Thermal Power Plants in Peninsular Malaysia: A Monte Carlo Approach

Coal-fired thermal power plants in Peninsular Malaysia are expected to remain operational for at least another 20 years, highlighting the need for clean coal technology adoption. The introduction of new coal types necessitates the verification of their technical viability prior to adoption into power plants, which is addressed by the proposed Solid Fuel Testing Facility (SFTF) system. Hence, this study developed a Monte Carlo-based model to examine the economic factors influencing the profitability of the SFTF system as a solid fuel pre-qualification assessment tool. Three critical factors have been identified as contributors to the SFTF system's economic viability uncertainty: the Test Number, Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) Reduction, and Test Cost. In terms of Net Present Value (NPV) valuation, the Test Number has the highest sensitivity. The projected increase in coal demand necessitating the inclusion of a broader spectrum of new coal variants in power plant operations. As a result, the possibility of an expanded Test Number for the SFTF system exists until the PPA's tenure expires. Therefore, the possibility of favourable NPV outcomes remains prominent throughout the term of the PPA. In contrast, the PPA Reduction has the lowest susceptibility to NPV sensitivity. This demonstrates the SFTF system's ability to navigate policy shifts related to PPA tenure reductions, albeit within a range of 3 to 4 years of reduction. It is suggested that a broader range of parameters be considered in order to gain a more holistic understanding of the economic viability of the proposed SFTF system.

Simulation research on optimization of a 200 MW IGCC system

The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) has increasingly attracted attention as a promising high-efficiency clean coal technology. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C), nitrogen reinjection coefficient (Xgn), and integration air separation coefficient (Xas) affect system performance greatly. Based on the selected coal type, this paper establishes a 200 MW IGCC system model with coal–water slurry gasification, matches the three-pressure reheating heat recovery steam generator and syngas coolers, simulates and calculates the system performance of O/C, Xas and Xgn using Thermo-flex software. From the perspective of the whole system, the optimal O/C of the system is obtained as 0.91 considering the syngas composition and gasification temperature. From the perspective of system efficiency, the Xgn is obtained as 60 % with the Xas of 20 %. The overall IGCC system model is optimized using the optimized O/C, Xgn, and Xas to obtain higher system power and efficiency, the system power generation efficiency can improve up to 51.52 %. A thermal balance diagram of the IGCC system is drawn using the calculation results and provides a reference for the future design and operation of IGCC systems.

LMDI decomposition of coal consumption in China based on the energy allocation diagram of coal flows: An update for 2005–2020 with improved sectoral resolutions

Chinese policymakers are addressing climate change by altering the coal-heavy energy structure. Although coal propelled economic growth, its environmental impacts challenge sustainable development. To balance growth with environmental care, the authorities aim to decrease coal use and enhance clean coal technologies. Thus, understanding coal consumption mechanisms and influencing factors is vital. Actions include adjusting economic structures, lowering energy intensity, enhancing energy layouts, increasing coal-fired efficiency, and optimising power sources. This study used the energy allocation analysis–logarithmic mean Divisia index (EAA–LMDI) decomposition method to examine coal consumption changes from 2005 to 2010, 2010–2015, and 2015–2020. A distinctive feature of this study is that it integrated the EAA method to meticulously consider technical factors that are rarely considered by other researchers. These are the primary factors restraining coal consumption growth. This study also used Sankey diagrams to illustrate the formation mechanisms of coal consumption in China. The findings highlight the contributions of economic development, energy intensity, economic structure adjustments, end-use energy structure, coal-fired power generation efficiency, and power source adjustments to changes in coal consumption in China. The insights of this study can support policymakers in designing effective policies for achieving sustainable energy development and reducing coal consumption in China.

Research Progress of Flexible Peak Shaving Technology for Coal-Fired Boilers

In the face of the pressing challenges of climate change and carbon emissions, China's energy and power sectors are actively working towards the strategic goal of establishing a new power system, where wind and solar energy will constitute a rapidly expanding portion of grid-connected power generation. Nevertheless, the inherent characteristics of these renewable energy sources, such as their randomness, intermittency, and volatility, pose significant challenges to ensuring the secure and stable operation of the power grid. Presently, China heavily relies on pulverized coal power plants, which lack the flexibility required to accommodate the fluctuating demands posed by renewable energy generation. Overcoming this technical obstacle and enabling efficient grid integration of renewable energy necessitates a thorough exploration of the potential of existing pulverized coal furnaces for flexible peaking operations, especially under extreme peak shaving conditions. To address this challenge, coal self-preheating combustion technology has emerged as a pioneering solution developed by the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. By implementing preheating modification activation, this innovative approach alters the traditional combustion reaction path of pulverized coal, significantly enhancing its reaction activity. This advancement holds immense promise for achieving efficient and stable combustion, as well as facilitating rapid load changes in pulverized coal boilers operating at low loads. This study primarily focuses on discussing prevalent means of peaking technology, including low-load stable combustion technology, rapid load regulation technology, coupled peaking technology, and the development status of peaking technology for coal power units. Through in-depth research and innovation, it is anticipated that the effectiveness and viability of peaking technology will be further enhanced, promoting the sustainable development of pulverized coal boiler generating units and optimizing the operation of energy systems. Furthermore, the self-preheating combustion technology will increasingly play a pivotal role in multiple sectors and directions, such as flexible and deep peaking of coal power, driving the advancement and adoption of clean and effective coal utilization technology.

Policies to reduce India's crude oil import dependence amidst clean energy transition

This study estimates the income, price, and cross-price elasticity of crude oil import demand for India to assess whether policies adopted to reduce India's oil import dependence are on the right trajectory and recommends policies for clean energy transitions. We find that the oil import demand changes over time with its price, income and electricity price. The demand reacts differently with the increase or decrease in its determinants and as the demand for oil imports rises or falls. The outcomes reveal that the crude oil import demand has become more inelastic in price and income than in earlier studies (Dash et al., 2018; Ghosh, 2009). Also, the study finds that electricity is a potential substitute for crude oil. The inelastic price indicates that imposing a carbon tax would have a marginal impact on reducing carbon emissions from crude oil. Results advocate that the reduction in electricity prices would lead to a drop in crude oil import dependence with a cascading impact on India's carbon emissions. The study recommends a judicious mix of renewables supplemented by cleaner coal technologies to instigate India's clean energy transition by reducing carbon emissions from electricity generation and transportation.

Inhibition of Spontaneous Combustion Characteristic of Biomass Treated with Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Using Thermogravimetric Analysis.

The co-firing of biomass is now widely acceptable as a clean coal technology option, and the storage and transportation of this fuel are essential as fuels ignite on their own. Spontaneous combustion (SPONCOM) is a well-known phenomenon in the coal mining sector, but little is known of the inherent properties of biomass toward SPONCOM. This study assessed the influence of three imidazolium-base ionic liquids (ILs), , , and [Bmim+OAc-] on the SPONCOM liability of Sersia lancea biomass sample harvested from the Vaal River Mine, South Africa. The results of the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis of this indigenous biomass showed that it is highly liable to SPONCOM prior to treatment with ILs. Following treatment with all three ILs, the DTG results showed that ILs can potentially inhibit the SPONCOM liability of biomass, with [Bmim+OAc-] showing the best inhibitory effects. With [Bmim+OAc-] (IL-C), the TGspc index of S. lancea biomass was reduced to 0.0207 from 0.1457%/°C min-1, and the sample was classified as low reactive after treatment. This indicates that less oxygen was consumed by the treated samples with [Bmim+OAc-] than by the untreated ones. From the textural properties of the IL-treated biomass, the mechanism responsible for the lower liability of the treated biomass was determined. This study establishes that biomass is very reactive, and it is important to understand its liability to SPONCOM, before being shipped as a fired or co-fired fuel across the Atlantic.

Mechanism Insight into the Conversion between H2S and Thiophene during Coal Pyrolysis: A Theoretical Study.

Clean coal technology is the important thrust to the achievement of "carbon neutralization"; clearing the transformation mechanism of thiophene, the dominant organic sulfur species in coal, is conducive to promoting the development of sulfur removal technology. DFT calculations were performed, and 28 reaction paths were proposed in this research, clarifying the decomposition mechanism of thiophene and the fixation mechanism of H2S. Thiophene is pyrolyzed mainly through the hydrogen-transfer reaction, which occurs at above 2000 K rather than 800 K. The hydrogen transfer between the C-C bond rather than the C-S bond causes the ring opening. Hydrogen promotes the decomposition of thiophene, which happens at 800 K, with a molar ratio of hydrogen to thiophene of 5. Therefore, thiophene is decomposed at 800 K mainly through the hydrogenation reaction that occurs at para carbons and the C-S bond, the H2S elimination reaction, and the generation of ethane. Furthermore, H2S can be converted into thiophene through the addition reaction with unsaturated hydrocarbon, or the dehydration reaction with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. The combination between H2S and the aliphatic compound occurs at 800 K, which is mainly influenced by the species of the functional group rather than the composition and morphology of the carbon chain. Meanwhile, the conversion of aromatic compounds tends to the generation of aryl mercaptan rather than thiophene at around 800 K.

Sulfidation performance of unsupported and SBA 15-supported Ca-based mixed metal oxides

Coal is the most widely used fossil fuel resource, and clean coal technologies allow an increase in the efficiency of clean energy production. Gasification-based combined cycle power generation systems, for example, aim to produce a mixture of CO and H2 (syngas) formed from coal and biomass. However, H2S is an undesired gasification product of fossil fuels with their high sulfur content. Hot gas desulfurization (HGD) reduces the sulfur contents of the gasification products by eliminating thermal losses of endothermic syngas formation processes. This study aims to develop efficient sorbents to remove H2S from hot flue gas. Unsupported and SBA 15-supported Ca-based binary mixed metal oxides (CuO, FeO, MnO, ZnO) were synthesized as sulfur sorbents by the wet impregnation method. The crystal structure of the sorbents was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while BET analysis was used to determine the surface area and pore size distribution of the sorbents. The results of the XRD and BET analyses revealed mixed metal oxide formation and a high surface area of SBA 15-supported sorbents, respectively. Mixed metal oxide formation was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy. The desulfurization performance of the sorbents was examined by a simulated gas mixture at 800 °C. A gas chromatography analyzer equipped with a flame photometric detector was used to follow the H2S concentration. SBA 15-supported CaO–MnO exhibited the best desulfurization performance at 800 °C with a breakthrough sulfur capacity (BSC) of 43.38 g S/100 g sorbent in the longest breakthrough time of 1077 min.

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer performance of non-Newtonian Bingham fluid in novel spiral wound tube heat exchangers

Based on the field of the coal chemical industry, exploring the applicability of high-performance heat exchangers for coal water slurry and their flow and heat transfer mechanism is of great significance for promoting the development of clean coal technology. In this paper, the flow pattern and forced convection heat transfer of a pair of tandem heated cylinders with different distances were discussed using the bi-viscous Bingham model by numerical simulation. And a novel spiral wound heat exchanger with variable diameter tubes was proposed. The results illustrate that the heat transfer coefficient under unit pressure drop h/△P of the heat exchanger decreases with the increase of the diameter of the variable tubes. When the diameter of variable tubes is 12 mm, h/△P is 19.83% larger than that of the original structure with uniform tube diameter. The empirical correlation between operating and structural parameters and heat exchanger performance is obtained. The research results provide guidance for the design of coal water slurry preheaters and the structural optimization of spiral wound tube heat exchangers.

Evolutions of functional groups and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during low temperature pyrolysis of a perhydrous bituminous coal

Understanding the molecular structural evolution mechanism during coal pyrolysis can help better regulate coal conversions for developing clean coal technology. This study investigated changes in functional groups and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pyrolysis of a perhydrous bituminous coal at temperature of 75–600 °C. Results indicated that aliphatic, C–O, C=O, OH, aromatic C=C, and aromatic C–H groups declined in relative abundance below 300 °C. These declines were attributed to cracking of hydrogen bonds and devolatilization. Meanwhile, the alkyl side chains of alkylated PAHs, i.e., alkyl-naphthalenes and alkyl-phenanthrenes, were continuously detached. Pyrolysis at 300–450 °C was characterized by elevated aromaticity, reflected by increments in the relative abundances of aromatic C–H, aromatic carbon, pyridine nitrogen, and protonated carbon. PAH evolutions at this stage exhibited relative increases of 4-–6-ring PAHs with relative decreases of 2-–3-ring PAHs. Pyrolysis at 450–600 °C was characterized by an increment of aromatic C=C and significant increases in relative abundances of 4-–6-ring PAHs in emitted particulate and gaseous phases. The elevation of pyrolysis temperature transformed coal macromolecules into more compact structure. The molecular structural units of chars were formulated as C245H227N3O14S, C239H193N3O8S, C228H152N2O3S, and C221H113NO3S for coal and chars produced at 300, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. Changes in three-dimensional molecular structural units reflected step-by-step intense deformation and condensed process.

The transition of China to a low-emission future: The role of clean coal technologies

The transition of China to a low-emission future: The role of clean coal technologies

Insights into the Dispersion Mechanism of Microfine Coal Particles Modified with Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Based on EDLVO Theory

Coal water slurry (CWS) fuel prepared using microfine coal particles with a size distribution of 1–10 μm is a promising way to cleanly utilize solid resources in engines, even catering a popular application for clean coal technology. In an attempt to address the problems in coal aggregation in microfine coal water slurry (MCWS), dispersants are used to improve the dispersing status of microfine coal particles. Based on the experimental results and extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (EDLVO) theory calculations, the role of naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde (NSF) in MCWS performance was explored. The measurement of the slurry ability of microfine coals demonstrated that the apparent viscosity and yield stress of MCWS were decreased significantly with 1.5% NSF addition, which was consistent with the saturated adsorption value of NSF on microfine coals. Furthermore, the ζ-potential and contact angle of microfine coals were both decreased as a function of the NSF dosage, indicating that a larger electrostatic repulsion force and better wetting ability of the coal surface would be obtained in the presence of NSF. The thickness calculation results showed that the thickness is increased with NSF addition, which is attributed to that the NSF molecule extends into the surrounding solution to form a hydrophilic film. The EDLVO calculations illustrated that the total interaction was turned from an attractive force into a repulsive force in the case of NSF, noting that the better dispersion of microfine coals mainly resulted from the better hydrophilicity of the coal surface modified with NSF. The findings might provide guidance for MCWS preparation by revealing the interaction mechanism of microfine coals modified with NSF.

Numerical Analysis of The Temperature Characteristics of a Coal—Supercritical Water-Fluidized Bed Reactor for Hydrogen Production

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal is a promising clean coal technology, which discards the traditional coal combustion and oxidation reaction to release carbon dioxide and other pollutants and replaces coal with a gasification reduction reaction in supercritical water to finally convert coal into a hydrogen-rich gas product with no net carbon dioxide emissions and no pollutant emissions, and thus has received much attention in recent years. However, the experimental conditions of coal to the hydrogen reactor are harsh, costly, and not easy to visualize and analyze, so numerical calculation and simulation analysis are important for the design, optimization, and industrial scaling-up of the reactor. In order to study the effect of the temperature field on the hydrogen production rate of the coal supercritical water gasification hydrogen production reactor, a numerical simulation calculation model is developed for this reactor in this paper. Comparing the experimental data in the literature, the maximum relative error of the gasification product yield per kg of coal between the two is less than 5%, which verifies the accuracy of the model built and the numerical method adopted in this paper. On this basis, the effects of supercritical water temperature and coal slurry temperature on the reactor’s gasification products and reaction rate were investigated in depth. The results show that increasing the supercritical water temperature is beneficial to improve the reactor hydrogen production efficiency, while the high coal slurry temperature is not conducive to adequate reaction, thus reducing the hydrogen production efficiency. For the laboratory coal supercritical water gasification to hydrogen reactor studied in this paper, the ideal temperature of supercritical water is 850~900 K, and the ideal temperature of coal slurry is 400–450 K. The conclusions of this paper can provide some reference for subsequent industrial scale-up studies of the reactor.

Experimental investigation of circulating fluidized bed combustion of dry powders of coal slime

Effective combustion of coal slime in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers is essential for the sustainable development of clean coal technology. To overcome issues related to burning wet coal slime in CFBs, we propose to dry coal slime in a low-temperature drying system and burn the dried fine powders in a CFB with a highly efficient separator. This study reports a series of experiments conducted in a 4MWth pilot-scale CFB combustion test facility to assess the feasibility. The results demonstrate that the dried slime particles, which have a particle size distribution similar to that of circulating ash particles, can be burned stably, efficiently, and cleanly. The combustion of fuels with size distributions similar to that of circulating ash particles increases solids circulation rates, betters solids concentration distribution, enhances heat transfer combustion and improves operation and SO2 and NOx controls. Therefore, the study presents a potential opportunity to advance CFB combustion technology.

Preface

Green energy refers to energy that can be directly used in production and life. It includes nuclear energy and renewable energy. With the continuous growth of energy demand and the increasing awareness of environmental protection in the countries around the world, it is urgent and imperative to establish a green energy innovation research and development, promotion and application system, and electricity will play a huge role in the development of green energy.2023 2nd International Conference on Green Energy and Power Systems (ICGEPS 2023) was held virtually under such a background in Changsha, China on January 6th to 8th, 2023. The aim of the symposium was to provide an opportunity for international experts, academics, researchers, practitioners and students working in the areas of green energy and power system to exchange information on the R&D and commercialization of green energy and power system. New developments, concepts, future research trends and potential commercialization areas were also discussed.The topics covered in the proceedings of ICGEPS 2023 are as follows: Power Systems and Its Automation, Measurement Technology and Instrumentation, Sensors and Micro Machines, Clean Energy Technology, Sustainable Coal Utilization and Clean Coal Technology, etc. Approximately 100 experts and scholars from almost 10 countries participated in the conference. The conference featured keynote speeches, oral presentations, and poster presentations.During the keynote speech part, three well-known professors delivered expertise lectures by imparting the latest findings from their respective research domains. Among them, Prof. Chong Kok Keong from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia addressed a keynote speech on Performance Analyses of Photovoltaic Module under Different Spectral Irradiances by Considering both Photonic and Electrical Characteristics. The solar spectral irradiance varies significantly for different locations and time due to latitude, humidity, cosine effect of incident sunlight, etc. To predict the actual performance of photovoltaic module under local climate conditions, he and his team proposed a methodology to compute the power-conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells based upon indoor measurement with a solar simulator, the measured local solar spectrum, and making use of both optical and electrical factors. It was a wonderful opportunity for all the participants to interact with the experts and specialists to get their advice or suggestions.We would like to express our gratitude to all the participants for their presentations and discussions, which made the conference very successful indeed. We are also grateful to the Conference Chair, the Program Committee Chair, the Publication Chair, the Organizing Committee, and the Technical Program Committees for their fruitful work. We would like to express our thanks to all the authors for their time and genuine efforts, and to the reviewers for their fruitful comments during the preparation of this volume.The Committee of ICGEPS 2023List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

Impact of Coal Mining on Ambient Air in Respect of Global Warming: A Critical Approach

Coal mining is the prime reason behind climate change and has a great impact on global warming as coal produces 39℅ global CO2 emissions. At the same time, coal production is the chief factor of 40% of the world’s electricity including economic development. The purpose of the present study is to the worldwide, national & endemic impact of coal mining on ambient air in respect of global warming. A number of peer-reviewed, research articles, reviews, and reports were collected from 1970 to 2022 employing a keyword-based search. The articles compiled were analyzed globally & indigenously and assorted according to the selected browsers addressed & the methodological approach adopted. Coal mining activities emit toxic gases into the atmosphere and hence decline the ambient air quality. The crucial Greenhouse gases contribute to the overall warming of the earth. Coal continues to be the distinctive and long-term resource of the world energy supply hence its mining-related pollution mitigation and the reclaiming of the environment are necessary. In present circumstances, it is obligatory to implement Clean Coal Technologies i.e. sustainability in energy production & its utility. Abandoned mine wasteland restored and converted into vegetative land may also solve numerous major issues like lessening GHGs, GW, and prevention of degraded wasteland.

A Review of Research on Advanced Control Methods for Underground Coal Gasification Processes

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a clean coal mining technology without significant environmental impacts. This technology can also be used in deep, hard-to-reach seams or deposits affected by tectonic disturbances, where conventional mining is impossible. Several techniques and methods have been investigated worldwide to support the process control of UCG. Global research focuses on the control of UCG operating parameters to stabilize or to optimize the performance of the underground reactor during energy conversion. This paper studies recent research in the field of UCG control and compares individual control techniques and possibilities for practical application. The paper focuses on advanced control methods that can be implemented in an in situ control system (e.g., adaptive control, extremum seeking control, and robust control). The study investigates control methods that ensure desired syngas calorific value or maximization. The review showed that robust control techniques such as sliding mode control and model predictive control have the most significant potential, and achieve the best results despite their complexity. In addition, some methods have been investigated through simulation or experimentally. The paper aims to give the reader an overview of the given issue and to alert the practice to recent research in the given area.

Development of Microencapsulation-Hybrid Jig Separation Technique as a Clean Coal Technology

In this study, the microencapsulation-hybrid jig separation technique was developed to improve the separation efficiency of pyrite and coal in the particle size range of 1–4 mm where conventional jig separation becomes inefficient. A hybrid jig is a gravity concentrator combining the concepts of jig separation and flotation to stratify particles based on their apparent specific gravity. Meanwhile, microencapsulation—a technique that encapsulates target materials with a protective coating—was applied to render pyrite hydrophilic and improve its separation from hydrophobic coal. The results showed that the required time for separation in the hybrid jig (0.5 min) was shorter than in conventional jig (2 min). Moreover, the effects of particle size on separation efficiency were reduced when a hybrid jig is used. However, the separation efficiency of hybrid jig separation was lower than that of the conventional jig because attachment of bubbles occurred to both pyrite and coal, which are hydrophobic. Using the microencapsulation-hybrid jig separation technique, the separation of coal and pyrite was significantly improved (~100%) because of the formation of hydrophilic iron phosphate coatings on pyrite that limited bubble attachment. This means that microencapsulation-hybrid jig separation is a promising clean coal technology that not only enhances the separation efficiency of the hybrid jig but also passivates pyrite and limits AMD formation in the tailings/rejects.

Bioprocess development and optimization of parameters for enhancing bio-assisted method for sulfur removal from lakhra coal using rhodococcus sp SL-9

ABSTRACT The burning of coal releases toxic gases that disturb the environmental conditions. It is imperative to use this energy as much as possible. Due to its characteristics, it is possible to manipulate unused loss reserves. In this case, it is necessary to continue research emphasizing clean coal technology from an energy perspective, safety, and environmental sustainability problem. It wants to be implemented that 50% of the world’s coal reserves are low grades. In this regard, the current work is related to removing sulfur obtained from coal using newly isolated bacteria sl-9. It was determined that different process parameters might be used to remove Sulfur. There is a reduction of 45% of the total Sulfur in unprocessed coal when several parameters are controlled, such as 20% (w/v) pulp density, 180 rpm, 20 mesh (850 microns), and pH 7. So, Sl-9 has the potential to lower coal’s sulfate content.