Clavien-Dindo Score Research Articles

The impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on risk for complications after pancreatoduodenectomy - a single centre cohort study

BackgroundThe association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and risk for postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate if COPD is associated with increased risk for postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy. MethodsAll patients aged ≥18 years undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy from 2008 to 2019 at a high-volume tertiary centre for pancreatic cancer surgery were included. COPD was defined as an established diagnosis according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases. The primary outcome was Clavien-Dindo-score (CD) ≥ IIIa. ResultsOut of 1009 available patients, 57 (5.6 %) had a diagnosis of COPD. There was no association between COPD and CD ≥ IIIa (25.5 % vs. 29.8 % p-value 0.471). COPD was associated with an increased risk for postoperative pancreatic fistula (odds ratio [OR] 3.06, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.62–5.89; p < 0.001). The 12 months mortality rate was higher among patients with COPD compared to patients without COPD, although not statistically significant (28.07 per cent vs., 18.17 per cent, p-value = 0.063). ConclusionCOPD was associated with increased risk for postoperative pancreatic fistula. These results imply that among patients deemed fit enough to undergo surgery, COPD should be thoroughly evaluated in the risk stratification.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial disparities in postoperative outcomes after bariatric surgery

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the outcomes and access to elective surgery across the United States. This study hypothesized that preexisting racial and ethnic disparities were exacerbated by the pandemic for bariatric surgery. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated the outcome disparities in 1,046,578 patients who underwent bariatric surgery from 2016–2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) to 2020–2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database. The primary outcomes of interest, Clavien-Dindo (CD) scores (0−5) and extended length of stay (eLOS; >90th percentile), were compared between non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Asian/American Indian/Pacific Islander (A/AI/PI) patients using ordinal and binomial logistic regression models, respectively. In addition, the modifying effect of COVID-19 on racial disparities in these outcomes was assessed. ResultsOverall, patients during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher odds of a higher CD score (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04–1.06; P < .001) than patients before the COVID-19 pandemic on adjusted multivariate analysis. NHB patients were more likely to experience postoperative complications as characterized by higher CD scores (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.35–1.39; P < .001) than NHW patients, and COVID-19 was a contributory factor (ratio of ORs, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.10). There was no significant difference in CD scores in Hispanic (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.03; P = .800) and A/AI/PI (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92–1.06; P = .651) patients compared with NHW patients, and COVID-19 did not have a modifying effect on these patients. All non-White patients had a higher likelihood of eLOS before the COVID-19 pandemic, but COVID-19 had a modifying effect of decreased odds of eLOS for all races (ratio of ORs, 0.60–0.69; 95% CI, 0.56–0.80). DiscussionNHB patients had inferior perioperative outcomes than patients of other races after bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, all races/ethnicities had decreased odds of eLOS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifying risk factors for urologic complications in placenta accreta spectrum surgical management.

To describe urologic complications associated with the surgical management of placenta accreta spectrum and determine their risk factors. A retrospective study was conducted on all patients diagnosed with abnormal invasive placentation who underwent surgery and delivered between 2002 and 2023 at a single expert maternity centre. Intra-operative and post-operative complications were described, with a special focus on urologic intra-operative injuries, including vesical or ureteral injuries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors of intra-operative urologic injuries associated with placenta accreta spectrum surgical management. Additionally, using the Clavien-Dindo classification, the effects of intra-operative urologic injury and ureteral stent placement on post-operative outcome were evaluated. A total of 216 patients were included, of which 47 (21.48%) had an intra-operative bladder and/or ureteral injury. Placenta percreta was associated with a higher rate of intra-operative urologic injury than placenta accreta (72.34% vs. 6.38%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that patients who had placenta percreta and bladder invasion or emergency hysterectomy were associated with more intra-operative urologic injuries (OR = 8.07, 95% CI [2.44-26.75] and OR = 3.87, 95% CI [1.09-13.72], respectively). Patients with intra-operative urologic injuries had significantly more severe post-operative complications, which corresponds to a Clavien-Dindo score of 3 or more, at 90 days (21.28% vs. 5.92%, p = 0.004). Surgical management of placenta accreta spectrum is associated with significant urologic morbidity, with a major impact on post-operative outcomes. Urologic complications seem to be correlated with the depth of invasion and the emergency of the hysterectomy.

324. A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE CENTRE PROPENSITY-MATCHED ANALYSIS OF TRANSTHORACIC VERSUS TRANSABDOMINAL PROCEDURES FOR GIANT HIATAL HERNIAS

Abstract Background Transthoracic open procedure (TTO) was historically the preferred approach for treatment of giant hiatal hernias. However, the last decades transabdominal laparoscopic procedures (TAL) became the standard approach in many centres. The aim of the study was to compare short-term and midterm outcomes, as well as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs, between TTO and TAL for giant hiatal hernias. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on all primary surgeries performed for giant hiatal hernias between 2008 and 2022. Patients who underwent TAL were propensity-matched (n= 36) to those who underwent TTO based on: age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Score and hernia type. The two groups were compared in terms of surgery duration, length of stay (LOS), Clavien-Dindo score, intrahospital reoperation, hernia recurrence and need for reinterventions. PROMswere compared between total of TTO (n= 187) and TAL (n= 48): for symptom score, QoL-score, overall satisfaction and wound pain. Median clinical follow-up was 365.5 days. Median PROMsfollow-up was 55.3 months. Results Surgery duration (224 vs 177min, P&amp;lt;0.001) and LOS (11 vs 4days, P&amp;lt;0.001) were longer in TTO. Clavien-Dindo scores were alike (P= 0.260). Intrahospital reoperation was not statistically different (8.3% vs 0%, P= 0.239). Midterm recurrence rates suggested a non-significant trend towards lower recurrence in TTO (2.8% vs 16.7%, P= 0.107). Reintervention rates were alike (16.7% vs 11.1%, P= 0.735). QoL-score was inferior for TTO (0.705 vs 0.355, P= 0.036). Wound pain scores were higher in TTO (1 vs 0, P &amp;lt;0.001). Symptom score and satisfaction scores were alike, respectively 0.685 vs 0.760, P= 0.688 and 9 vs 9, P= 0.421. Conclusions TAL for giant hiatal hernias showed superior results compared to TTO for duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, QoL-score and wound pain scores. However, midterm results showed a noticeable trend towards higher recurrence rates for TAL. TAL should be considered when proceeding with surgery for giant hiatal hernias but a possible higher risk of recurrence must be taken into account. Further long-term clinical follow-up and comparison to PROMscould guide future decision-making.

306. TREATMENT OF ANASTOMOTIC LEAKS AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY AND GASTRECTOMY FOR CANCER BY MEANS OF ENDOSCOPIC VACUUM THERAPY

Abstract Background Esophagectomy and gastrectomy are the cornerstones of the curative treatment of oesophageal and gastric cancer. In both techniques the risk of anastomotic leak (AL) is high, with rates of up to 21% after esophagectomy and up to 12% after gastrectomy. Mortality and morbidity are high after an AL occurs. Several treatment strategies have been developed for treatment of AL, including surgery, endoscopic stent and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). The aim of this study is to analyse the treatment patterns of the patients with AL treated with EVT. Methods All patients diagnosed of gastric or oesophageal cancer with AL from January 2021 to January 2024 were included in a retrospective study. Baseline data, localization of the tumour, type of resection, type of anastomosis, total time with EVT, number of EVTs used per patient, hospital stay, Clavien-Dindo score and CCI were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the data is performed. Results All 18 patients with AL during the study period were treated with EVT. The tumour was located on the distal third of the oesophagus in 7 patients (38.9%), and stomach (27.8%). The median duration from surgery to the identification of AL was 5 days (IQR 4 – 9). The median duration of the EVT treatment was 18 days (IQR 13 – 23) with a median EVT replacement of 5.5 (IQR 4 – 7). 8 patients (44.4%) did not require ICU stay. Median time to resumption of oral intake was 34 days (IQR 26 –54). Success rate of the EVT therapy was 88.9%. Conclusions EVT is a useful tool for the treatment of AL in esophagogastric surgery. Even though the treatment may be long, it’s success rate in this series is 88.9% and it may avoid ICU stay in some cases. A close monitoring of this patients and the prompt use of additional techniques to assure source control is mandatory.

525. PALLIATIVE MULTIMODALITY-THERAPY, EVEN WITH ABBREVIATED IMMUNOTHERAPY CAN MAKE CURATIVE SURGERY FOR SYNCHRONOUS LUNG AND ESOPHAGEAL CANCER POSSIBLE: A CASE REPORT

Abstract Background Synchronous lung and esophageal carcinomas are problematic. When both cancers are locally advanced, combined surgical treatment is rarely possible because of high-risk or insufficient respiratory reserve. Palliative treatment including immunotherapy can sometimes offer significant tumor response and potentially prolong survival in patients with PDL-1 tumor expression. However the place of immunotherapy for potentially rendering inoperable patients operable is still unknown. Methods Case report: A 78-year-old male with smoking history was diagnosed with synchronous locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) cT3cN1cM0 and bilateral lung adenocarcinomas stage 4a, cT2cN1cM1a (right lower lobe 43mm confirmed by CT-guided biopsy, left upper lobe 32mm and additional S6 left lower lobe nodule). The patient was considered incurable by MDT and palliative treatment was offered as both cancers had significant PDL-1 expression (GEJ: CPS score &amp;gt;1, Lung: PDL-1 expression 90%). Pembrolizumab immunotherapy was started but poorly tolerated (severe myositis) and stopped again after only 6 weeks. The left-sided lung cancer had by then already regressed and stereotactic irradiation (SBRT 5x12Gy) of the right-side lung cancer was administered resulting in further local tumor control (figure). Endoscopic tumor re-evalution showed a Siewert type 2 tumor (uT3N1) similar to the initial endoscopy 15 months before. Both side lung adenocarcinomas remained regressed and the left lower lobe nodule was unchanged (6mm). Mediastinal lymph node staging by EBUS was negative. Thirteen months after initial diagnosis, 4 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLOT) were administered. Combined synchronous surgery was finally done 16 months after initial diagnosis. A minimally invasive combined resection included a laparoscopic &amp; thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis MIE, left thoracoscopic wedge of the lower lobe nodule and a right lower lobectomy with radical lymph node dissection. Post-operative course was smooth: Clavien-Dindo score 1, hospital stay 18 days. Final pathology Distal third adenocarcinoma (1.5x1.2cm above Z-line) with major partial response ypT2N0M0, R0, 0/43 lymph nodes (subcarinal signs of nodal response), right lower lobe tumor of 60x55mm with residual 1.2mm focus of residual viable adenocarcinoma (ypTisN0M0, R0) and left lower lobe hamartoma (6mm). Follow-up showed no recurrence 9 months after surgery (25 months from initial diagnosis). Conclusions: 1) Despite much abbreviated palliative immunotherapy (6 weeks), SBRT and FLOT our patient was down-staged within 16 months from an initially palliative situation to a potential cure with complete resection of all tumors. 2) Synchronous combined radical laparoscopic &amp; thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with lung lobectomy can be feasible after immuno-, chemo- and radiotherapy even in elderly patients.

405. SELECTIVE ANTERIOR GASTROPEXY WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDOPLICATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF GRADE III/IV HIATAL HERNIA

Abstract Background The optimal approach to a paraoesophageal hernia (PEH) repair is unclear. Several steps during the procedure are still for discussion. Most surgeons dealing with PEH surgery agree on removal of the hernia sac from the mediastinum and a hiatoplasty with non-absorbable suture. Whether to perform an anti-reflux procedure or/and a gastropexy is unclear. Few studies exist on the subject but without clear favor of an anti-reflux procedure and/or a gastropexy. The aim of this upcoming study is to test if the anti-reflux procedure is redundant for patients suffering from PEH with obstructive rather than regurgitation symptoms. Methods We are setting up a pragmatic, prospective, multicentre, two-armed study. Study beginning June 2024. Sample size calculation with 108 patients in each arm. Both arms will do hernia sac excision, closure of hiatus and gastropexy. One arm will in addition do an anti-reflux procedure. Our objectives are 1) To assess safety of anterior gastropexy with and without fundoplication regarding peri- and postoperative complications. 2) To compare efficacy of anterior gastropexy with and without fundoplication regarding symptom control and clinical recurrence. 3) To assess health related quality of life pre- and post-surgery in patients treated with the two strategies for PEH. Results Our primary outcome is disease specific and health related quality of life before surgery and 3-6-12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes are per- and post-operative complications according to the clavien-dindo score and radiological status/recurrence 12 months after surgery. Conclusion The study will add on to existing knowledge about essential technical steps of PEH surgery. Do the patients benefit from a fundoplication or is this potentially complicating procedure redundant regarding long-term symptom control.

Cost-effectiveness of robot-assisted total hysterectomy for benign pathologies compared to laparoscopic surgery: A retrospective study with propensity score

BackgroundHysterectomy for benign pathologies is one of the most common gynecological surgeries. In recent years, robotic surgery has become an alternative to traditional surgery, but at a higher cost. ObjectiveEstimate the cost of benign robot-assisted hysterectomy for the purpose of supporting public decision-making, as well as the additional cost per major postoperative complication (ClavienDindo score ≥ 3) avoided one month after surgery robotic versus traditional laparoscopic. MethodsSingle-center retrospective study including patients operated on for benign hysterectomy at La Pitié Salpêtrière hospital between January 2016 and December 2019: 99 by robotic approach, and 86 by laparoscopic approach. Comparison of robotic surgery to laparoscopy. Calculation of a cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Use of the propensity score inverse weighting method to ensure comparability of groups. ResultsRobotic surgery has a total cost of € 6,615 at 1 month per patient compared to € 3,859 for laparoscopic surgery with an additional cost of € 377,534 per major postoperative complication avoided, longer operating time and an absence of significant difference in terms of complications and length of hospitalization. ConclusionIn terms of cost-effectiveness, according to this study, the robot does not appear to be better than laparoscopy. In the years to come, we can expect a development of robotic surgery with rationalization of the practice, with appropriate selection of patients for robotic surgery, development of outpatient surgery and a reduction in the cost of the equipment.

Multicentric short term and safety study of ineffective esophageal motility patients treated with RefluxStop device

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents a general health problem with a variety of symptoms and an impairment of life quality. Conservative therapies do not offer sufficient symptom relief in up to 30% of patients. Patients who suffer from ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) and also GERD may exhibit symptoms ranging from mild to severe. In cases where surgical intervention becomes necessary for this diverse group of patients, it is important to consider the potential occurrence of postoperative dysphagia. RefluxStop is a new alternative anti-reflux surgery potentially reducing postoperative dysphagia rates. In this bicentric tertiary hospital observational study consecutive patients diagnosed with PPI refractory GERD and IEM that received RefluxStop implantation were included. A first safety and efficacy evaluation including clinical examination and GERD-HRQL questionnaire was conducted. 40 patients (25 male and 15 female) were included. 31 patients (77.5%) were on PPI at time of surgery, with mean acid exposure time of 8.14% ± 2.53. The median hospital stay was 3 days. Postoperative QoL improved significantly measured by GERD HRQL total score from 32.83 ± 5.08 to 6.6 ± 3.71 (p < 0.001). A 84% reduction of PPI usage (p < 0.001) was noted. 36 patients (90%) showed gone or improved symptoms and were satisfied at first follow-up. Two severe adverse events need mentioning: one postoperative slipping of the RefluxStop with need of immediate revisional operation on the first postoperative day (Clavien–Dindo Score 3b) and one device migration with no necessary further intervention. RefluxStop device implantation is safe and efficient in the short term follow up in patients with GERD and IEM. Further studies and longer follow-up are necessary to prove long-lasting positive effects.

Clinical benefits of parenteral iron carboxymaltose in patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective observational study

Background. The high incidence of anemia in colorectal cancer and its severe consequences for patients determine the need for timely diagnosis and correction of this condition. At the same time, it is extremely important to choose a method for correcting anemia, allowing to achieve maximum efficiency and safety. Aim. To evaluate perioperative methods for correcting iron deficiency anemia in patients with colorectal cancer based on a comparative analysis of the clinical results of intravenous administration of iron carboxymaltose and transfusion of blood components. Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 594 patients with colorectal cancer operated on in 2022 at the department of surgical treatment methods No. 3 (abdominal oncology No. 1) of the Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary were studied. Stratification of patients into groups was carried out using the method of pseudo-randomization by sex and age to eliminate confounding errors. After pseudo-randomization in a 1:1 ratio, the sample of patients with anemia was divided into 2 groups (main group – 124 patients, in whose treatment blood-saving techniques and parenteral administration of iron carboxymaltose were used, and control group – 124 patients, for treatment of anemia in which transfusions of blood components were used). In 98 (39.5%) cases hemicolectomies were performed, in 88 (35.5%) – anterior resections of the rectum, in 36 (14.5%) – resections of the sigmoid colon, in 18 (7.3%) – extirpations of the rectum, in 8 (3.2%) – resection of the transverse colon, 217 (87.5%) operations were performed through laparotomy access, 31 (12.5%) using minimally invasive technologies. Results. The frequency of postoperative complications of grade III–V according to Clavien–Dindo score in the main group (4.8%, 6/124) was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group (14.5%, 18/124) [χ2=6.643; p=0.01]. Postoperative mortality in the main group was 0.8% (1/124), in the control group – 5.6% (7/124) [χ2=4.65; p=0.032]. Conclusion. The use of blood-saving technologies with parenteral administration of iron carboxymaltose in patients with colorectal cancer leads to a reduction in the number of postoperative complications and the level of postoperative mortality.

Indications for Stoma Creation and Early Outcome Predictors of Stoma Closure at Universtiy of Dodoma Teaching Hospitals

Background: In advanced and developing countries stomas are commonly applied to clients, which can either be colostomy or ileostomy. These stomas are associated with post operative complications which might be the causal factors for the morbidity and mortality to our surgical patients. This study focus and analyse the indications of stoma creation, it also explores early outcome predictors of stoma closure. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the indications for stoma creation and early outcome predictors of stoma closure. Methodology: The study was prospective, descriptive cross-sectional done at BMH, DRRH and IRRH from June 2021 to August 2022. The structured questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The information was obtained from patients, case notes or register book. Convenient sampling technique was used to select clients. Clavien-Dindo tool was used for grading severity of post-operative complications, chi-square, binary and multivariate logistic regression were used to establish association between predictor and outcome variables. SPSS was used for analysis. Results: A total of 194 subjects were enrolled in this study. There were 140 males (72.2%) and 54 females (27.8%) with male to female ratio of 3:1. Colostomy was the leading type of stoma created at 133 (68.6%) followed by ileostomy 61 (31.4%). Commonest indications for colostomy were sigmoid volvulus 75 (56.4%) and colo-rectal carcinoma 43 (32.3%). Ileostomy was commonly indicated in enteric perforation 24 (39.4%) and ileal trauma 20 (32.8%). Overall post-stoma closure complications were noted in 78 (40.2%), colostomy contributed by 60 (30.9%) and ileostomy at 18 (9.3%). The noted post-operative complications were deep &amp; organ/space SSI 52 (26.8%), AL &amp; ECF 21 (10.8%) and IO 05 (2.6%). Clavien-Dindo tool showed 78 (40.2%) unfavorable and 08 (4.1%) favorable outcomes. Binary logistic regression showed predictors of complications to be blood transfusion (p&lt;0.001), hypo-albuminemia (p&lt;0.001) and colostomy closure (p=0.041). Multivariate logistic regression showed hypo-albuminemia (p=0.002) a significant early outcome predictor of stoma closure. Conclusion: Hypo-albuminemia was shown to be important prognostic indicator for complications following stoma closure. The stomas were commonly indicated in sigmoid volvulus and enteric ileal perforation, and predominant post stoma closure complications were surgical site infection (SSI). Clavien-Dindo scoring system was also shown to be effective for grading severity of post-operative complications.

A Prospective Pilot Study of Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Radiation Therapy as a Component of Trimodality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton radiotherapy (RT) in trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer. MethodsThis prospective pilot study was planned to accrue 30 patients with locally advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinoma, medically suitable for chemoRT (CRT) followed by esophagectomy. PBS proton RT consisted of 25 fractions, 50 Gy to tumor + 1 cm and 45 Gy to a 3.5 cm mucosal expansion and regional lymph nodes. Chemotherapy was weekly carboplatin (AUC = 2) and paclitaxel (50 mg/m2). At 4-8 weeks after CRT, patients underwent restaging and potential esophagectomy. The primary endpoint was acute grade 3+ adverse events (AEs) attributed to CRT. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier methodology; local-regional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastases (DM) rates were assessed by cumulative incidence methodology. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Esophagus (FACT-E) assessed quality of life. ResultsThirty eligible patients enrolled June 2015-April 2017. Median age was 68 years. Histology was adenocarcinoma in 87% and location was distal esophagus/GEJ in 90%. Stage was T3-4 in 87% and N1-3 in 80%. All patients completed the planned RT dose. Acute grade 3+ AEs occurred in 30%, most commonly leukopenia and neutropenia. Acute grade 3+ non-hematologic AEs occurred in 3%. Esophagectomy was performed in 90% of patients (R0 in 93%). Pathologic complete response rate was 40%. Major post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo score ≥ III) occurred in 34%. Postoperative mortality at 30 days was 3.7%. Median follow-up was 5.2 years. 5-year outcome estimates were OS 46%, PFS 39%, LRR 17%, and DM 40%. FACT-E scores (medians) were baseline (145), end of CRT (136, p=0.0002 vs. baseline), before esophagectomy (144), 12 months (146), and 24 months (157). ConclusionsPBS proton RT is feasible and safe as a component of trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer.

Defining Surgical Difficulty During Open Right Lobe Donor Hepatectomy and its Prediction Using Preoperative Donor Computed Tomography Morphometry

BackgroundThere is no accepted way to define difficult donor hepatectomy (DiffDH) during open right living donor hepatectomy (ORLDH). There are also no studies exploring association between DiffDH and early donor outcomes or reliable pre-operative predictors of DiffDH. MethodsConsecutive ORLDH performed over 18 months at a single center were included. Intra-operative parameters were used to develop an objective definition of DiffDH. The impact of DiffDH on early postoperative outcomes and achievement of textbook outcome (TO) was evaluated. Donor morphometry data on axial and coronal sections of donor CT at the level of portal bifurcation were collected. Donor and graft factors predictive of DiffDH were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. ResultsOne hundred and eleven donors (Male-40.5%, Age-34± 9.5 years) underwent ORLDH during the study period. Difficulty score was constructed using five intra-operative parameters i.e. operating time, transection time, estimated blood loss, need for intra-operative vasopressors and need for Pringle maneuver. Donors were classified as DiffDH (score ≥ 2) or Standard DH (score<2). Twenty nine donors (26%) were classified as DiffDH. DiffDH donors suffered greater all cause morbidity (p=0.004) but not major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo score>2; p=0.651), more peri-operative transfusion (p=0.013), increased post-operative SIRS (p=0.034), delay in achieving full oral diet (p=0.047) and a 70% reduced chance of achieving TO as compared to StDH (p=0.007). On logistic regression analysis, increasing right lobe antero-posterior depth (RLdepth) was identified as an independent predictor of DiffDH (Odds ratio- 2.0(95% ci =1.2,3.3), p<0.006). ROC curve analysis identified RLdepth>14 cms as the best predictor of DiffDH (Sensitivity-79%, specificity-66%, Area under curve=0.803, p<0.001). ConclusionWe report a novel definition of DiffDH and show that it is associated with worse post-operative outcomes, including a lesser chance of achieving TO. We also report that DiffDH can be predicted from readily available donor CT parameters.

Comparison of Post-Operative Outcomes of Right Colectomy between Crohn's Disease and Adenocarcinoma of the Right Colon: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and right-sided colorectal-carcinoma (CRC) are two common indications for right colectomies. Many studies have tried to identify risk factors associated with post-operative complications for both CD and CRC. However, data directly comparing the outcomes of the two are sparse. This study aims to compare the 30-day post-operative outcome after a right colectomy for CD versus CRC. Its secondary aim is to identify the factors associated with these outcomes for each group. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 123 patients who underwent a right colectomy for CD or CRC in a single institution between March 2011 and March 2016. (3) Results: There were no significant differences between the groups when comparing the overall complication rate, the median Clavien-Dindo score, reoperation rates and the length of hospitalization. The leak rate was higher in the Crohn's group (13.95% (6/43) vs. 3.75% (3/80)), p = 0.049), although the stoma rate was the same (4/43 9.5%; 7/80 9.9%). (4) Conclusions: This study has shown that post-operative complication rate is similar for right colectomy in CD and CRC. However, Crohn's disease patients did have a higher leak rate.

Comparison of Combined Guidance of Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography in Total Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with the Standard Method: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Utilizing the combination of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) to minimize radiation exposure. In this randomized clinical trial, 118 patients with urinary stones who were candidates for PCNL surgery in the prone position were selected and divided into two groups (with an allocation ratio of 1:1). Cases were grouped according to whether ultrasonography was used for renal tract dilation and Amplatz sheath placement. The number of attempts to establish proper renal access, the time interval between access to the targeted calyx and nephroscope entrance, and the Clavien-Dindo score were collected. The mean age of all patients was 46.12 ± 11.28 (45.6 ± 11.2 in the total fluoroscopy group and 46.5 ± 11.4 in the combined group) years (20-66). The intergroup differences in the baseline features were not significant. The mean duration of fluoroscopy time was significantly reduced in the combined guidance group (36.22 ± 10.73 vs. 23.05±8.94 seconds, (P-value = 0.001). Moreover, the difference in the distribution of Amplatz location on the nephroscopy time was meaningful (P-value = 0.016). However, intergroup differences in the number of attempts to successful puncture, length of hospitalization, recovery time, and postoperative complications, including gross hematuria duration, blood loss volume, pack cells requirement, pain score immediately and 6 hours after the surgery, and Clavien-Dindo score were not meaningful. It can be concluded that the use of ultrasound with X-ray in prone PCNL compared to the use of X-rays alone can significantly reduce the duration of radiation without increasing the risk of intra-operative and postoperative detrimental events.

Short- and long-term outcome differences between patients undergoing left and right colon cancer surgery: cohort study

PurposeSince the literature currently provides controversial data on the postoperative outcomes following right and left hemicolectomies, we carried out this study to examine the short- and long-term treatment outcomes.MethodsThis study included consecutive patients who underwent right or left-sided colonic resections from year 2014 to 2018 and then they were followed up. The short-term outcomes such as postoperative morbidity and mortality according to Clavien-Dindo score, duration of hospital stay, and 90-day readmission rate were evaluated as well as long-term outcomes of overall survival and disease-free survival. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed of overall and progression-free survival.ResultsIn total, 1107 patients with colon tumors were included in the study, 525 patients with right-sided tumors (RCC) and 582 cases with tumors in the left part of the colon (LCC). RCC group patients were older (P < 0.001), with a higher ASA score (P < 0.001), and with more cardiovascular comorbidities (P < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups in terms of postoperative outcomes such as morbidity and mortality, except 90-day readmission which was more frequent in the RCC group. Upon histopathological analysis, the RCC group’s patients had more removed lymph nodes (29 ± 14 vs 20 ± 11, P = 0.001) and more locally progressed (pT3-4) tumors (85.4% versus 73.4%, P = 0.001). Significantly greater 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival (P = 0.001) were observed for patients in the LCC group, according to univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis.ConclusionsPatients with right-sided colon cancer were older and had more advanced disease. Short-term surgical outcomes were similar, but patients in the LCC group resulted in better long-term outcomes.

Evaluation of the early use of norepinephrine in major abdominal surgery on medical and surgical postoperative complications: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (EPON STUDY)

BackgroundPost-induction anaesthesia often promotes intraoperative hypotension (IOH) that can worsen postoperative outcomes. This study aims to assess the benefit of norepinephrine versus ephedrine at the induction of anaesthesia to prevent...

Robotic repair of moderate-sized midline ventral hernias reduced complications, readmissions, and length of hospitalization compared to open techniques.

To compare outcomes of robotic and open repair for uncomplicated, moderate-sized, midline ventral hernias. From 2017 to 2021, patient characteristics and 30day outcomes for all ventral hernias at our center were prospectively collected. We studied hernias potentially suitable for robotic repair: elective, midline, 3-10cm rectus separation, no prior mesh, and no need for concomitant procedure. Robotic or open repair was performed by surgeon or patient preference. The primary outcome was any complication using Clavien-Dindo scoring. Secondary outcomes were operative time, length-of-stay, and readmissions. Regression identified predictors of complications. Of 648 hernias repaired, 70 robotic and 52 open repairs met inclusion criteria. The groups had similar patient demographics, co-morbidities, and hernia size, except that there were more immunosuppressed patients in the open group (11 versus 5 patients, p = 0.031). Complications occurred after 7 (13%) open repairs versus 2 (3%) robotic repairs, p = 0.036. Surgical site infection occurred after four open repairs but no robotic repair, p = 0.004. Length-of-stay averaged almost 3days longer after open repair (4.3 ± 2.7days versus 1.5 ± 1.4days, p = 0.031). Readmission occurred after 6 (12%) oppen repairs but only 1 (1%) robotic repair. A long-term survey (61% response rate after mean follow-up of 2.8years) showed that the HerQLes QOL score was better after robotic repair (46 ± 15 versus 40 ± 17, = 0.049). In regression models, only open technique predicted complications. Robotic techniques were associated with fewer complications, shorter hospitalization, fewer infections, and fewer readmissions compared to open techniques. Open surgical technique was the only predictor of complications.

Comparison of IWATE, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, and Southampton Laparoscopic Liver Resection Difficulty Scoring Systems for Predicting Intra and Postoperative Outcomes in Robotic Hepatectomy.

IWATE, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris (IMM), and Southampton are established difficulty scoring systems (DSS) for laparoscopic hepatectomy, yet none specifically address robotic hepatectomy. Our study evaluates these 3 DSS for predicting perioperative outcomes in robotic hepatectomy. With IRB approval, we prospectively followed 359 consecutive patients undergoing robotic hepatectomies, assessing categorical metrics like conversions to open, intra/postoperative issues, Clavien-Dindo Score (≥III), 30 and 90-day mortality, and 30-day readmissions using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curve (AUC) to determine efficacy in predicting their occurrence for each DSS. Continuous metrics such as operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay, and total cost were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and regression. Predictive strength was significant with an AUC or correlation ≥.700 and P-value ≤.05. IMM had highest predictive accuracy for conversions to open (AUC = .705) and postoperative complications (AUC = .481). Southampton was most accurate in predicting Clavien Dindo ≥ III complications (AUC = .506). IWATE excelled in predicting 30-day mortality (AUC = .552), intraoperative issues (AUC = .798), In-hospital mortality (AUC = .450), 90-day mortality (AUC = .596), and readmissions (AUC = .572). Regression showed significant relationships between operative duration, EBL, and hospital cost with increasing scores for all DSS (P ≤ .05). Statistical analysis of the 3 DSS indicates that each has specific strengths that can best predict intra- and/or postoperative outcomes. However, all showed inaccuracies and conflicting relationships with the variables, indicating lack of substantial hierarchy between DSS. Given these inconsistencies, a dedicated comprehensive DSS should be created for robotic hepatectomy.

Prophylactic abdominal drainage after distal pancreatectomy (PANDORINA): an international, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial

Prophylactic passive abdominal drainage is standard practice after distal pancreatectomy. This approach aims to mitigate the consequences of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) but its added value, especially in patients at low risk of POPF, is currently being debated. We aimed to assess the non-inferiority of a no-drain policy in patients after distal pancreatectomy. In this international, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial, we recruited patients aged 18 years or older undergoing open or minimally invasive elective distal pancreatectomy for all indications in 12 centres in the Netherlands and Italy. We excluded patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status of 4-5 or WHO performance status of 3-4, added by amendment following the death of a patient with ASA 4 due to a pre-existing cardiac condition. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) intraoperatively by permuted blocks (size four to eight) to either no drain or prophylactic passive drain placement, stratified by annual centre volume (<40 or ≥40 distal pancreatectomies) and low risk or high risk of grade B or C POPF. High-risk was defined as a pancreatic duct of more than 3 mm in diameter, a pancreatic thickness at the neck of more than 19 mm, or both, based on the Distal Pancreatectomy Fistula Risk Score. Other patients were considered low-risk. The primary outcome was the rate of major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo score ≥III), and the most relevant secondary outcome was grade B or C POPF, grading per the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery. Outcomes were assessed up to 90 days postoperatively and analysed in the intention-to-treat population and per-protocol population, which only included patients who received the allocated treatment. A prespecified non-inferiority margin of 8% was compared with the upper limit of the two-sided 95% CI (Wald) of unadjusted risk difference to assess non-inferiority. This trial is closed and registered in the Netherlands Trial Registry, NL9116. Between Oct 3, 2020, and April 28, 2023, 376 patients were screened for eligibility and 282 patients were randomly assigned to the no-drain group (n=138; 75 [54%] women and 63 [46%] men) or the drain group (n=144; 73 [51%] women and 71 [49%] men). Seven patients in the no-drain group received a drain intraoperatively; consequently, the per-protocol population included 131 patients in the no-drain group and 144 patients in the drain group. The rate of major morbidity was non-inferior in the no-drain group compared with the drain group in the intention-to-treat analysis (21 [15%] vs 29 [20%]; risk difference -4·9 percentage points [95% CI -13·8 to 4·0]; pnon-inferiority=0·0022) and the per-protocol analysis (21 [16%] vs 29 [20%]; risk difference -4·1 percentage points [-13·2 to 5·0]; pnon-inferiority=0·0045). Grade B or C POPF was observed in 16 (12%) patients in the no-drain group and in 39 (27%) patients in the drain group (risk difference -15·5 percentage points [95% CI -24·5 to -6·5]; pnon-inferiority<0·0001) in the intention-to-treat analysis. Three patients in the no-drain group died within 90 days; the cause of death in two was not considered related to the trial. The third death was a patient with an ASA score of 4 who died after sepsis and a watershed cerebral infarction at second admission, leading to multiple organ failure. No patients in the drain group died within 90 days. A no-drain policy is safe in terms of major morbidity and reduced the detection of grade B or C POPF, and should be the new standard approach in eligible patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy. Ethicon UK (Johnson & Johnson Medical, Edinburgh, UK).