Classroom Experience Research Articles

Analysis of Online Classroom Education on the Learning Patterns for College Students Using Human-Computer Interaction

Nowadays, online classes are considered a growing technology among college students that significantly impact learning patterns. Some characteristics define a positive relationship, and to build strong student-teacher relationships. Therefore, this article proposes Description of Learning Patterns (DLP) to analyze online classes’ influence on different learning patterns. DLP discusses the student’s learning environment and their experience in the online classroom. In DLP, few students from undergraduate science courses are studied and assessed with multiple openended interview queries. DLP explores the opportunities presented by online education and focuses on the student’s experiences interpretation in the online classroom. The student feedback report is available to record and enhance the online learning platform for all institutions, teachers, and students. The primary focus of human-computer interaction (HCI) is problem-solving and new idea generation. Students in the HCI program learn to spot potential problems and then use that information to develop new products and services.

Development and Evaluation of the POPBL (Patient-Oriented Problem-Based Learning) Module in Pathology: A Comparative Analysis of Performance and Perception Among Second-Year Pathology Students.

Background and objectiveEmploying the POPBL (Patient-Oriented Problem-Based Learning) method to teach students offers a fresh take on the classroom experience. It helps to enhance the motivation of the students, improves knowledge, self-learning behavior, and clinical reasoning, and also helps to promote long-lasting memory. In our medical college, we adopted a newer technology-oriented method with the use of case history, laboratory findings, a gross specimen of the same case, microscopic live sessions via Deca and Penta head microscopes, television, and microscopic camera. In light of this, in this study, we aimed to develop a patient- and technology-oriented new Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method and compare its effectiveness with the traditional tutorial method.Materials and methodsA total of 149 second-year MBBS students were enrolled in the study. Consent was taken from all students. A total of eight systems of systemic pathology from the second-year MBBS curriculum were selected. Of the eight systems, four were covered under POPBL with gross and microscopic features associated with the help of newer-generation audiovisual aids, and the other four systems were covered under the traditional tutorial/lecture method. The evaluation was performed using prevalidated objective types of questions after exposure of about one week. The objective was to evaluate and compare the outcomes and students' performance between these two sets of pathology systems.ResultsStudents gave excellent responses. Performance (87.92% of students had scores >75%) and attendance (94.14%) parameters with respect to POPBL gross and microscopic features associated with the help of newer-generation audiovisual aids like Deca and Penta head microscopes were superior compared to the traditional tutorial/lecture method, where 53.02% of students scored more than 75% and the attendance was 76.12%. The difference in attendance was also statistically significant (p=0.05).ConclusionUsing POPBL instead of standard tutorial/lecture methods leads to better outcomes. Students also found POPBL more appealing than standard lectures. It is a student-centered method that provides a significant level of motivation and encourages active participation among students. The efficacy of this new way of teaching and demonstrating will attract more students to this method.

Increasing Faculty Resources and Student Capacity Through Shared Faculty Expertise.

The ongoing nurse faculty shortage has resulted in a need for schools of nursing to become both innovative and creative in their approach to nursing education. A literature review revealed some schools of nursing across the United States are sharing faculty for undergraduate and pre-licensure nursing programs. The purpose of this pilot project was to explore the effectiveness of a shared faculty content expert in a live-streamed lecture modality to improve nursing schools' access to high quality specialty content. The feasibility and satisfaction of sharing a course and faculty between two independent schools of nursing were evaluated. An online synchronous format was utilized to share a mental health nursing course between two independent schools of nursing. Results indicated that theoretical classroom content and experiences can be shared and delivered synchronously among schools of nursing; however, challenges existed related to scheduling conflicts. Additionally, technology issues were found to negatively impact the student experience at times. Given the challenges identified in the project, an asynchronous content delivery modality may be a more advantageous option. Future research is needed to identify ways to mitigate the challenges experienced.

Transferring classroom experiences to practical career needs

AbstractHigher education today is no longer what it once was. Once upon a time, students only had the option to attend classes in person. The first shift from this format happened when students began taking classes through correspondence, where materials were physically mailed out. Later, as technology increased, a new format led to students being able to take courses in remote locations through video conferences, being able to interact with a professor and students at other locations. This approach was known as Interactive Television courses or ITV. We then had one of our biggest shifts where Higher Education embraced online learning and online courses and fully online institutions were created. Synchronous and asynchronous classes were offered in an online format and have even expanded into blended, Hyflex, and flipped classes. In addition to these changes on how classes are taught, the way that students learn also evolved. There have always been identifiable three ways that students learned: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic approaches. Oftentimes, faculty leaned on teaching based on the style of a combination of visual and kinesthetic learners. However, over time, it has been shown through research that students learn best by doing. In this chapter, we will share how Athens State University has embraced Experiential Learning.

Supporting Teacher Noticing of Moments of Algebraic Potential

A growing body of research in early algebra has illustrated that young children have the capacity to reason algebraically and has recommended introducing algebraic ways of thinking in early-elementary grades. Over the past two decades, there have been great strides in exploring children’s capacity for algebraic thinking and this work has opened the door to designing early algebra curricula and classroom experiences. What is less explored, however, are ways to support teachers in implementing early algebra lessons and supporting students’ thinking about early algebra concepts. In this paper, we explore early algebra teacher education. We introduce an approach to teacher education that leverages a novel algebraic thinking perspective. We demonstrate how using this perspective in video-based professional development can support teachers in identifying and reasoning about students’ nascent algebra thinking, which, we claim, is an important skill in teaching early algebra.

The Goldilocks of Social Justice Education: Balint Groups as a Curricular Intervention to Support Equitable Health Care.

While there is consensus within the medical profession on the importance of ensuring future physicians are well versed in issues of social justice, there is little consensus on how to best achieve this. Traditional methods of didactic lectures or case-based learning, with an emphasis on the transmission of knowledge, run the risk of reinforcing the very inequities they are aiming to disrupt. The classroom experiences do not call on trainees to act on issues of social justice beyond discussing imagined actions in a carefully constructed case. Balint Groups offer an alternate pedagogy that align with a more interpretative style of teaching and offer an opportunity for meaningful engagement with issues of social justice. In Balint Groups, students are engaged in cases where the presenter has participated directly in the clinical encounter. While these cases tend to focus on relational dilemmas between the doctor and patient, the dilemma can also highlight an internal dilemma between competing professional identities - such as the biomedical expert and the socially conscious professional. Imagined agency is removed and the group is tasked with reflecting on the dissonance created by these two competing identities. While the use of Balint Groups as a curricular intervention offers exciting opportunities to promote social justice, there are cautions. First, Balint Groups operate within the dominant discourse of medical education and facilitators must be sensitive to how this may position the presenter; second, it cannot be forced - it must arise from the case presented.

From micro to macro levels of practice: A showcase of a SoTL journey within and beyond classroom experiences

Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is closely related to a teacher's journey of personal and professional growth, which initially occurs in the classroom. In higher education, where academics are recognised experts in their fields, SoTL activities are critical for translating educational principles into innovative practices that are consistent with the body of knowledge, thus significantly facilitating the learning process of students. When implemented consistently, two components of SoTL - reflective practice and practice dissemination - have the potential to accelerate growth not only at the micro (classroom) level, but also at the meso (institutional) and macro (national and international) levels. This article showcases a SoTL journey that began with a micro level practice in engineering classes and progressed into meso and macro level implementations. Beginning with student-centred learning approaches designed to assist students with classroom engagement, motivation enhancement and contextualised learning during a challenging course, the practice expanded into institutional-level experience-sharing sessions. This resulted in the development of structured training programmes and later, a centre of excellence. SoTL practice at the institutional level paved the way for national and international professional development training. This reflection showcases SoTL implementation at all three levels while demonstrating the potential for growth from one level to another leading to wide-ranging impacts both within and beyond the classroom.

Experiences of Teachers and Students in Multicultural Nepalese Classrooms

This article explores the teachers’ behaviour and students’ experiences in multicultural classrooms in Nepal. Applying the phenomenological qualitative research design, we selected two schools from the study area that have a more diversified population. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with the teachers and students, and a focus group discussion with the students. We used a thematic data analysis procedure to analyze the data. This study found that the schools’ policies are unable to address the needs of culturally different children. The schools have focused on providing economic support to the students rather than addressing their cultural needs. We found that the traditional training packages for teachers were insufficient to deal with multicultural classrooms. Because of a lack of knowledge of cultural, language, and feelings of students’ and families’ background, teachers were unable to deal with the students properly. Although the teachers were sincere on cultural issues nowadays, at the beginning of their career, their practices were not child-friendly. At the same time, we found that the experiences of students were also disgraceful in the school related to culture and language. They had difficulties in classroom adjustment because of being a different culture, they had problems in proper pronunciation and tongue in the Nepali language.

Teachers’ Beliefs About Inclusive Education and Insights on What Contributes to Those Beliefs: a Meta-analytical Study

Teachers’ belief systems about the inclusion of students with special needs may explain gaps between policy and practice. We investigated three inter-related aspects of teachers’ belief systems: teachers’ cognitive appraisals (e.g., attitudes), emotional appraisal (e.g., feelings), and self-efficacy (e.g., agency to teach inclusive classrooms). To date, research in this field has produced contradictory findings, resulting in a sparse understanding of why teachers differ in their belief systems about inclusive education, and how teachers’ training experiences contribute to their development of professional beliefs. We used meta-analysis to describe the level and range of teachers’ beliefs about inclusive education, and examine factors that contribute to variation in teachers’ beliefs, namely (1) the point in teachers’ career (pre-service versus in-service), (2) training in special versus regular education, and (3) the effects of specific programs and interventions. We reviewed 102 papers (2000–2020) resulting in 191 effect sizes based on research with 40,898 teachers in 40 countries. On average, teachers’ cognitive appraisals, emotional appraisals, and efficacy about inclusion were found to be in the mid-range of scales, indicating room for growth. Self-efficacy beliefs were higher for preservice (M = 3.69) than for in-service teachers (M = 3.13). Teachers with special education training held more positive views about inclusion than regular education teachers (d = 0.41). Training and interventions related to improved cognitive appraisal (d = 0.63), emotional appraisal (d = 0.63), and self-efficacy toward inclusive practices (d = 0.93). The training was particularly effective in encouraging reflection of beliefs and, eventually, facilitating belief change when teachers gained practical experience in inclusive classrooms. Six key findings direct the next steps.

Integrative Supports, Resources, and Opportunities—Exploring and Expanding Urban High School Students’ Science Identity: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

Using a case study approach, we explored the science and math classroom experiences of urban high school students. Our purposeful sample included 11 high-achieving students (mostly minoritized students) who graduated from the same school and participated in an out-of-school science and medicine/health program. Using 35 semistructured interviews collected over 3 years, we focused on understanding the multiple contextual factors that contributed to the restructuring of students’ science experiences and reshaping of their science identity formation during high school. We expanded on Carlone and Johnson’s (2007) science identity model to propose an updated model for understanding students’ experiences within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine/health contexts. Our findings suggested that an integration of supports, resources, and opportunities lies at the core of what influences students’ science identities, which they revealed are inclusive of their science interest/passion, knowledge, participation, and achievements. Our study’s contribution is a unique perspective of the cultivation and sustainability of students’ science identities at the secondary level.

The role of problem context familiarity in modelling first-order ordinary differential equations

Based on the unpredictable effect of context familiarity when students solve real-world problems, this work aims to analyse how certain contexts can be used by pre-service mathematics teachers in the representation and real-world verification of a first-order mathematical model in the classroom in the subject of Ordinary Differential Equations. Specifically, this paper reports a classroom experience in which pre-service mathematics teachers compared the solution of a first-order ordinary differential equations (ODE) with a real-world experimental model. Using documentary records (i.e., students´ hand-written solutions and field notes) and a questionnaire on students´ perceptions on this classroom experience, qualitative results indicated that the pre-service mathematics teachers’ familiarity with an authentic context was a fundamental factor they chose a real-world model to represent the solution of a first-order ODE. Our analysis of the results highlights the importance of integrating familiar real-world contexts for pre-service mathematics teachers to model a first-order ODE, which is one of the fundamental principles of STEM disciplines.

Auditory precision hypothesis-L2: Dimension-specific relationships between auditory processing and second language segmental learning

Growing evidence suggests a broad relationship between individual differences in auditory processing ability and the rate and ultimate attainment of language acquisition throughout the lifespan, including post-pubertal second language (L2) speech learning. However, little is known about how the precision of processing of specific auditory dimensions relates to the acquisition of specific L2 segmental contrasts. In the context of 100 late Japanese-English bilinguals with diverse profiles of classroom and immersion experience, the current study set out to investigate the link between the perception of several auditory dimensions (F3 frequency, F2 frequency, and duration) in non-verbal sounds and English [r]-[l] perception and production proficiency. Whereas participants' biographical factors (the presence/absence of immersion) accounted for a large amount of variance in the success of learning this contrast, the outcomes were also tied to their acuity to the most reliable, new auditory cues (F3 variation) and the less reliable but already-familiar cues (F2 variation). This finding suggests that individuals can vary in terms of how they perceive, utilize, and make the most of information conveyed by specific acoustic dimensions. When perceiving more naturalistic spoken input, where speech contrasts can be distinguished via a combination of numerous cues, some can attain a high-level of L2 speech proficiency by using nativelike and/or non-nativelike strategies in a complementary fashion.

HOW LECTURERS CONSTRUCT INTERACTIVE AND COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES IN "ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES" CLASSROOMS

English Lecturers are responsible for designing various teaching approaches, instruction, and efficient classroom management procedures to promote a productive atmosphere and interactive classroom experience for all, especially in English for Specific Purpose (ESP) classes. Therefore, this study aimed to explore by what methods lecturers construct interactive speaking activities in English for Specific Purpose (ESP) classes. This study used qualitative design through a case study approach. It was conducted in Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Makassar Indonesia. Ten students of the Publishing study program participated in this study. First, the researcher collected the data from observations, focused group discussions, document analysis, and photographs or videos. The data were then analyzed in six stages: preparing raw data, organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading and coding data (themes or descriptions) by hand or a computer, and connecting the theme/description. The last was interpreting the meaning of the theme/description. The finding shows lecturers constructed interactive speaking activities by starting with asking the students challenging in learning English and what the students hoped in ESP for publishing course. Then the lecturer covered the ESP materials by designing various communicative and interactive activities that were categorized into three primary activities: individual presentation, paired oral performances, and group speaking practice. These activities developed the students' motivation, self-confidence, and English communicative competence. 

Using Narrative Inquiry to Understand Faculty Supporting First-Generation, Low-Income College Students of Color

ABSTRACT First-generation, low-income (FLI) college students of Color are less likely to complete a college degree compared to their more advantaged peers, yet little is known about the classroom and cocurricular experiences that support their achievement. Using an anti-deficit achievement framework to situate this narrative inquiry, I conducted semi-structured interviews with successful FLI college students of Color and recent graduates to understand how interactions with faculty influenced students’ success and graduation. My analysis establishes a need for additional faculty professional development around supporting marginalized students and contributes to our understanding of best practices to bolster FLI college students of Color success.

Pre-service physics teachers’ developing views on the role of mathematics in the teaching and learning of physics

This qualitative, questionnaire and interview-based study explores how pre-service physics teachers think about the role that mathematics plays in the teaching and learning of physics at university and school level and whether these views change during their pre-service teacher education. Many of the pre-service teachers were aware of the complex relationship between these two subjects at university level, noting that success in mathematics can often mask a lack of conceptual understanding in physics and that there can be a disconnect between the physics and mathematical aspects of undergraduate courses. At school level, many stressed the importance of a focus on conceptual understanding and that technical competence in mathematics lessons does not always transfer to physics lessons. Almost all the pre-service physics teachers changed their views during the year, often in response to their classroom experiences. As they became more attuned to the difficulties students faced with respect to the mathematical challenges involved in learning physics, many took a more pragmatic position that balanced the role of mathematics in physics with acceptance that they must respond to student needs. We suggest that these changing views can be framed in terms of two re-orientations. A disciplinary re-orientation where the role that mathematics plays in order to be successful in physics is reassessed, and a pedagogical re-orientation that attends to pragmatic, teaching considerations. We recommend that direct attention to the role of mathematics in school physics should be an integral part of pre-service physics teacher education in order to encourage these re-orientations.

Joyful noise and abatement: idle chatter and the undercommons of oracy education

AbstractThis paper imagines oracy education as a reaching‐out for connection with the irreducible socialities of black study. In the wake of imperialist functions of literacy, classroom talk has been left to defend its value against traditionalist views which rebuke, as one UK education minister put it, “idle chatter in class.” We argue that oracy education risks doubling down on the value system outlined by this rebuke – and the white settler‐colonial onto/auto‐epistemology mobilised therein – if it measures the value of talk within this purview. We follow the undercommons of black study and the poetics of relation toward revaluations of idle chatter and noise as modes of thought. We explore the abundant participations of noise beyond the colonial errand of abatement, and we elaborate the relational stakes that idle chatter may invent. We reorient the stakes of the learning conversation with its single guiding lesson into the vibrant jazz riff of a learning cacophony that leaves the continuous echo of possible lessons behind it, proposing new ways of valuing oracy education and new possibilities for participation. Our chatty inquiry practices this ethics, overlapping our shared classroom experiences with discussions of theory and our discussions of theory with yet new possible experiences.

Preschoolers’ Vocabulary Skills And Inhibitory Control: The Role Of Classroom Engagement

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Preschoolers’ vocabulary skills and inhibitory control have been demonstrated critical for later school success; however, the ways in which the individual classroom experiences dynamically interchange with these skills is still unclear. In this paper, we examine the role of children’s individual engagement with teachers, peers, and tasks in facilitating children’s skill development across the school year. Using a sample of 895 preschoolers across 223 classrooms drawn from the Professional Development Study, the current study examined engagement as both outcomes of children’s vocabulary and inhibitory control in the fall of the preschool year and as mediators of linkages between them across the preschool year. Results suggested that vocabulary skills and inhibitory control each shape different aspects of classroom engagement. Children’s vocabulary was associated with positive engagement with teachers and peers, whereas inhibitory control was associated with positive task engagement and negative engagement. We also found that negative engagement as composited by conflicts with teachers and peers and off-task behaviors mediated the association between fall inhibitory control with spring vocabulary and inhibitory control. Practice or Policy: Together, these findings suggest the critical role of individual classroom experiences in explaining children’s vocabulary and inhibitory control development.

“That Was Amazing!” A Two-Study Perspective on Language Classroom Experiences Through the Lens of Psychological “Flow”

The construct of psychological flow bridges several areas of second language learning interest, including motivation, investment, self-efficacy, and autonomy. Flow, characterized by intense focus on an enjoyable activity that is at once challenging and accessible, creates conditions that have been linked to learning. Research interest in flow has grown, but the L2 research remains scarce and exploratory. This paper, which uses a two-study format, proposes and tests a new category coding scheme designed to explain which activities generate language-class flow. In Study A, third- and fourth-semester learners of Spanish, French, Italian, and German (N = 82) described their most flow-generating language-class experiences on an online questionnaire. In Study B, first- through fourth-semester students of Spanish (N = 588) did the same. The responses were coded to one category in each of four contrasting category pairs. Parallel analyses were conducted for each study, and within each study counts and chi-square tests were performed separately on each category pair. The results of both studies showed statistically significant contrasts within all four category pairs, and revealed that student-centered, open-ended, authentic, and non-competitive activities were more likely to generate flow than their opposites (i.e., teacher-centered, closed-ended, inauthentic, and competitive activities). Pedagogical implications and directions for future research are discussed based on these results.

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Storyboarding for Biology

We introduce biology to the artist’s design tool, the storyboard. This versatile organizing and visualizing artistic platform is introduced into the biology classroom to aid in an inventive and focused discovery process. Almost all biological concepts are dynamic, and storyboards offer biology, lecture, wet and computational labs, flexibility, inventiveness, and an opportunity for students to slow down the so-called steps of biological processes and moderate their observations. Storyboarding is a thoughtful and reflective discovery device with enormous potential to break with traditional biology classroom experiences and return to the root of the educational process: storytelling. It will encourage teachers to embark on the remodeling of the biological curriculum with specific technical skills that students and teachers should consider developing to make the STEAM experience tailored to the uniqueness of biological systems. Storyboards offer hands-on, illustrative, and interactive conversations about biology concepts. They are an “unplugged” and contemplative experiences, organizing frameworks for personal expression focused on biological wonders.