Classification Of X-ray Images Research Articles

Automatic Medical X-ray Image Classification using Annotation

The demand for automatically classification of medical X-ray images is rising faster than ever. In this paper, an approach is presented to gain high accuracy rate for those classes of medical database with high ratio of intraclass variability and interclass similarities. The classification framework was constructed via annotation using the following three techniques: annotation by binary classification, annotation by probabilistic latent semantic analysis, and annotation using top similar images. Next, final annotation was constructed by applying ranking similarity on annotated keywords made by each technique. The final annotation keywords were then divided into three levels according to the body region, specific bone structure in body region as well as imaging direction. Different weights were given to each level of the keywords; they are then used to calculate the weightage for each category of medical images based on their ground truth annotation. The weightage computed from the generated annotation of query image was compared with the weightage of each category of medical images, and then the query image would be assigned to the category with closest weightage to the query image. The average accuracy rate reported is 87.5%.

Symbolic representation and classification of medical X-ray images

In this paper, we propose a symbolic approach for classification of medical X-ray images. Graph cut segmentation is applied to segment the body part of medical X-ray images. A complete directed graph is constructed using the centroid points in the boundary image of the segmented body part image. The complete directed graph is in turn used to extract features of distance and orientation. Further, the boundaries of segmented images are represented by its skeleton end points. Shape features are then extracted from the represented skeleton end points. To assimilate feature variations, we propose to symbolically represent the extracted features of each class in the form of interval valued features. Based on the proposed symbolic representation, symbolic classifier is then used for classification of medical X-ray images. Experimental results reveal the efficiency of our proposed symbolic classification model.

Automatic Classification Of Medical X-Ray Images

Image representation is one of the major aspects of automatic classification algorithms. In this paper, different feature extraction techniques have been utilized to represent medical X-ray images. They are categorized into two groups; (i) low-level image representation such as Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM), Canny Edge Operator, Local Binary Pattern(LBP) , pixel value, and (ii) local patch-based image representation such as Bag of Words (BoW). These features have been exploited in different algorithms for automatic classification of medical Xray images. We then analyzed the classification performance obtained with regard to the image representation techniques used. These experiments were evaluated on ImageCLEF 2007 database consists of 11000 medical X-ray images with 116 classes. Experimental results showed the classification performance obtained by exploiting LBP and BoW outperformed the other algorithms with respect to the image representation techniques used.

Fuzzy-based Medical X-Ray Image Classification

In this paper, a novel fuzzy scheme for medical X-ray image classification is presented. In this method, each image is partitioned into 25 overlapping subimages and then, we extracted the shape-texture features from shape and directional information of each subimage. In the classification step, we apply a fuzzy membership to each subimage considering the Euclidean distance between feature vector of each subimage and average of feature vectors of training subimages. At last, a hard classification of the test image can be obtained by performing a max operation on the summation of fuzzy memberships. The proposed method is evaluated for image classification on 2655 radiographic images from IRMA dataset with 300 training samples and 2355 test samples. Classification accuracy rates obtained by fuzzy classifier are higher than that of obtained by multilayer perceptron or even SVM classifier.

X-ray Image Classification Using Random Forests with Local Wavelet-Based CS-Local Binary Patterns

This paper presents a fast and efficient method for classifying X-ray images using random forests with proposed local wavelet-based local binary pattern (LBP) to improve image classification performance and reduce training and testing time. Most studies on local binary patterns and its modifications, including centre symmetric LBP (CS-LBP), focus on using image pixels as descriptors. To classify X-ray images, we first extract local wavelet-based CS-LBP (WCS-LBP) descriptors from local parts of the images to describe the wavelet-based texture characteristic. Then we apply the extracted feature vector to decision trees to construct random forests, which are an ensemble of random decision trees. Using the random forests with local WCS-LBP, we classified one test image into the category having the maximum posterior probability. Compared with other feature descriptors and classifiers, the proposed method shows both improved performance and faster processing time.

Multilevel Feature Extraction and X-ray Image Classification

The need of content-based image retrieval tools increases with the enormous growth of digital medical image database. Classification of images is an important step of content-based image retrieval (CBIR). In this study, we propose a new image classification method by using multi-level image features and state-of-the-art machine learning method, Support Vector Machine (SVM). Most of the previous work in medical image classification deals with combining different global features, or local level features are used independently. We extracted three levels of features global, local and pixel and combine them together in one big feature vector. Our combined feature vector achieved a recognition rate of 89. Large dimensional feature vector is reduced by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Performance of two classifiers K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are also observed. Experiments are performed to verify that the proposed method improves the quality of image classification.

New training strategies for RBF neural networks for X-ray agricultural product inspection

Classification of real-time X-ray images of pistachio nuts is discussed. The goal is to reduce the percentage of infested nuts while not rejecting more than a few percent of the good nuts. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network classifiers are emphasized. New training procedures are developed that allow samples such as those that are near decision boundaries to be treated differently from other samples. New clustering methods and new cluster classes are advanced to select and separately control various RBF parameters. These advancements are shown to be of use in this application.

EXACT: an expert system for real time X-ray image analysis and classification of weldings : Montini, G.; Bordini, M.G.; Boschetti, F.; Ripamonti, S. Non-Destructive Testing 92. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Sao Paulo (Brazil), 18–23 Oct. 1992, Vol. 1, pp. 646–650. Edited by C. Hallai and P. Kulcsar. Elsevier (1992)

EXACT: an expert system for real time X-ray image analysis and classification of weldings : Montini, G.; Bordini, M.G.; Boschetti, F.; Ripamonti, S. Non-Destructive Testing 92. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Sao Paulo (Brazil), 18–23 Oct. 1992, Vol. 1, pp. 646–650. Edited by C. Hallai and P. Kulcsar. Elsevier (1992)

2-5 X線像の自動診断

2-5 X線像の自動診断