Classification Of Services Research Articles

Assessment of Contributions of the Methodology for the Construction of a Catalog of Information Technology Services Aimed at Public Entities

Several field studies have shown low levels of implementation of this type of catalog in organizations in various countries around the world, which is accentuated in public organizations. To address this problem, the main objective of this research is to demonstrate the contribution of a methodology for the construction of a catalog of information technology services in the management of technology services aimed at public entities, which is tested and assessed in terms of its levels of contribution to the information management of technology services. The methodology used in this research was tested and evaluated by 46 IT professionals working in public organizations in Ecuador, verifying the contribution levels of the proposal in four aspects: 1) the identification of information technology services, 2) the classification of information technology services, 3) feedback from the service catalog as a transversal component, and 4) the automation of all the processes described. Favourable results were obtained regarding the proposed methodology.

Perceived Benefits and Costs of Owning a Pet in a Megapolis: An Ecosystem Services Perspective

Ongoing urbanization has led to a significant increase in the number of pets and has altered the relationships between pets and owners from primarily utilitarian to cultural (e.g., entertainment and health improvement). Existing classifications of ecosystem services (ES) (e.g., CICES) and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) explicitly consider only the ES provided by livestock and wild animals. This study attempted to translate perceived benefits and costs from owning pets (dogs or cats) in a megapolis into ES and disservices frameworks. The data were collected via an online questionnaire distributed through social media among residents of Moscow (Russia). The study showed that pets contribute to the well-being of city dwellers, for which owners are willing to put up with some potential risks and also bear monetary costs. Reasons for owning a pet have been translated into ES and NCPs ranging from regulating (4%) to provisioning (1%). However, cultural services linked to mental (26%) and physical (32%) health, spiritual, symbolic interaction (19%), and educational values (16%) have been the most prominent group. Considering an increase in pet owners, the interests and needs of this distinct stakeholder group need to be taken into account in urban planning and management. Pets’ integration into classifications and thus assessments of the urban ES can be a crucial step towards achieving this goal.

Length matters: Scalable fast encrypted internet traffic service classification based on multiple protocol data unit length sequence with composite deep learning

As an essential function of encrypted Internet traffic analysis, encrypted traffic service classification can support both coarse-grained network service traffic management and security supervision. However, the traditional plaintext-based Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) method cannot be applied to such a classification. Moreover, machine learning-based existing methods encounter two problems during feature selection: complex feature overcost processing and Transport Layer Security (TLS) version discrepancy. In this paper, we consider differences between encryption network protocol stacks and propose a composite deep learning-based method in multiprotocol environments using a sliding multiple Protocol Data Unit (multiPDU) length sequence as features by fully utilizing the Markov property in a multiPDU length sequence and maintaining suitability with a TLS-1.3 environment. Control experiments show that both Length-Sensitive (LS) composite deep learning model using a capsule neural network and LS-long short time memory achieve satisfactory effectiveness in F1-score and performance. Owing to faster feature extraction, our method is suitable for actual network environments and superior to state-of-the-art methods.

Review of Prosthetics & Orthotics Needs for 21st Century - Vision for 2025.

What would we do, if only we had the power to go back?! The best way to consider this is to align and join all the known dots. To think of Prosthetics and Orthotics (P&O) as a system holistically centred around care of the user, identifying all their needs continuously, in their environment and in their lifestyle. This could produce a new value proposition for all multi-disciplinary team members by generating patient-centred therapeutic benefits and clinical outcomes that align all stakeholders in P&O towards using a common narrative, which makes decisions based on data. In this case, data is the outcome, using Standards and Instruments which are validated (e.g. www.amprom.uk) to quantify questions such as: "Have we reduce risk of falls?", "Have we reduced risk of tissue injury?", "Have we reduced risk of low back pain?", "Have we reduced long term risk of osteoarthritis?", etc. If we have, we are assured this will benefit the comfort and confidence for the user. We can have confidence in rehabilitation measured by improved stability and increased activity, and other measures which enable the accurate classification of products and services to match users. A prescription index, based on Outcomes, could, for example, be calculated by a formula which accounts for the percentage reduction in falls probability, a patient satisfaction score, a mobility score and a quality-of-life score, allowing practitioners to base their choices of treatment pathways and component selection. This paper provides both the context for and contributing factors that make the proposing of such an objective Prescription Index an interesting thing to consider when discussing Health Economics in P&O.

Emergy-based evaluation of world coastal ecosystem services

The current lack of research on the evaluation of marine ecosystem services makes the value of marine protection, development and restoration underestimated during the decision-making process. Based on the non-monetary ecosystem service evaluation framework, a marine ecosystem service classification and accounting method has been established in this study, and the world's coastal ecosystem services have been measured as an example. The results show that (1) the world's coastal ecosystem service value is about 4.13E+23 sej/yr, of which Asia and North America contribute about 55% of the total service value; (2) the top ten countries in terms of the world's coastal ecosystem service values are Canada, Indonesia, Australia, the United States, Brazil, the Russian Federation, Norway, the Philippines, Mexico, and China, which contribute about 60% of the total service value; (3) estuaries have the highest ecosystem service values, followed by mangroves, seagrass beds, tidal flats, salt marshes, and warm water coral reefs; (4) developed countries can make better use of their coastal resources and pay more attention to the marine protection while the opposite is true in developing countries, which means that developed countries still occupy an advantageous position in the process of marine protection, development and utilization. This study assesses the coastal ecosystem service values in various coastal countries from the perspective of ecosystem contributors, emphasizes the importance of protecting them in marine management, and provides a certain reference basis and theoretical support for decision-makers in formulating marine-related protection and development strategies.

نموذج مقترح لتصنيف ومعدلات الخدمات الإدارية بالمدن المصرية

Administrative services and improving their quality in cities are two of the most significant planning factors that must be considered and distributed. Where the quality of administrative services is influenced by many factors, the most significant of which is the mechanism and how the services are delivered. Therefore, the research aims to reach a proposed model for administrative service planning rates in Egyptian cities. In addition to developing a complete concept and classification of administrative services by researching administrative services in various Arab and international nations, as well as their rates in those countries. Besides identifying the hierarchy of administrative services in the city in general. The average of administrative services in different countries was concluded, given the per capita share at the district level: 0,46– 0,93 m2/person, and at the city level: 1,35 – 1,85 m2/person. By exploring the planning rates for administrative services in Egyptian capital cities and new cities, the proposed model for all administrative services that must be available in those cities to achieve self-sufficiency in service and improve the special rate for administrative services was developed. Although some Egyptian cities have reached higher rates than their worldwide equivalents, these rates have not been fully examined for the population's demands for the same service, and as a result, certain resources and services have been wasted at the loss of other services that have problems.

LDNM: A General Web Service Classification Framework via Deep Fusion of Structured and Unstructured Features

Classifying Web services plays a critical role in several fundamental service management tasks, such as service discovery, selection, ranking, and recommendation. However, traditional Web service classification approaches usually difficult to dispose unstructured sparse documents and underutilize the rich network relations. The consideration of multiple document representation schemes can ameliorate the former problem, whereas an appropriate network representation method could be a positive solution to the latter problem. In this paper, we propose a general Web service classification framework via deep fusion of structured and unstructured features, named LDNM. Firstly, we transform each service document into feature vectors by using two document representation methods: topic distribution based on LDA, and neural-network-based document embedding model known as Doc2vec. Then we obtain structured representation vectors which stem from service invoking and tagging graphs by applying Node2vec. Finally, we fuse these features and train a service classifier by using an MLP neural network. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on real-world datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

СОЦІАЛЬНІ ПОСЛУГИ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ОБСЛУГОВУВАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОВІДНОСИН: ПОНЯТТЯ, ВИДИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ (ЧАСТИНА І)

Social services as an object of social-supplying legal relations that are enshrined in the Classification of Social Services are the subject of the research. An attempt to compare social services with each other and highlight common and distinctive features was made while analyzing them. Emphasis was made on the essence of each social service and the legal aspects of their providing. The features of social services as objects of the relevant legal relations were formulated. Care occupies a special place among the objects of social-supplying legal relations. Its types such as home care, inpatient care, day care, palliative care were considered. The author’s definition of social care service was given. The most characteristic features of this social service were singled out. Ways to improve the essence of some of them were suggested. Considerable attention was paid to the supported accommodation of the elderly people and people with disabilities, the homeless persons and transit supported accommodation. Critical remarks were made about the premises that would be allocated for supported accommodation, as well as about the legal status of persons who have expressed a desire to receive this social service. Social support is provided to families (persons) who are in difficult life circumstances, families raising biological and social orphans, individuals in employment and in the workplace. Physical support is provided to persons with disabilities. The article gives a brief description of all these types of social and physical support. Social services for providing temporary accommodation, social rehabilitation, information, counseling, mediation, advocacy, prevention, adaptation, integration and reintegration were highlighted in the article. The authors did not ignore such social services as emergency crisis intervention, in-kind assistance, transportation services, sign language translation. A new social service, which is just being introduced and relates to providing temporary rest to persons caring for persons with disabilities, was covered separately. Key words: social services, basic social services, Classification of Social Services, objects of social-supplying legal relations, essence of separate social services, state standard of social service.

A service classification model for IoT services discovery

A service classification model for IoT services discovery

Trends in Medicare Part B Payments and Utilization for Imaging Services Between 2009 and 2019

BackgroundIn 2019, the total National Healthcare Expenditure (NHE) reached $3.8 trillion, or nearly 20% of the total Gross Domestic Product. This represents a 4-fold increase in its Gross Domestic Product share since 1960. Given the magnitude and growth of such expenditures, healthcare cost containment is central to the country's financial sustainability. Moreover, as Medicare represents nearly 20% of the total NHE, it is a primary target for piloting, implementing and scaling initiatives that reduce expenditures. ObjectiveTo assess trends in Medicare Physician Fee Schedule for Service (Part B) payments and utilization for Imaging relative to other services from 2009 through 2019. Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of annual expenditures and utilization of imaging services using data from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare Part B. Data was grouped according to the Berenson-Eggers Type of Service Classification. The values were adjusted for inflation and we calculated the annual changes and the compound annual growth rates and the price elasticity of supply. ResultsFor the 10-year period, Imaging represented on average 8% of the total Medicare Part B expenditures, an equivalent of 1.4% of total Medicare expenditures or 0.05% of the NHE. While NHE, overall Medicare and overall Part B had positive growth rates of total expenditures, Imaging did not. Moreover, Imaging had the most negative CAGR compared to all other categories, including Drugs, Procedures, Evaluation and Management and Durable Medical Equipment. ConclusionImaging did not contribute to the increase in Medicare Part B expenditures, and it might have been disproportionately affected by cost containment policies.

Winners and Losers in Energy Transition: Study Case of Wood Biomass Power-Plants Implementation in France

International policies promote renewable forms of energy to mitigate climate change. In Europe, the production of electricity using wood biomass represents one of the most popular energy alternatives. In 2012, France initiated a large-scale strategy to develop wood biomass energy. The biggest wood biomass power-plant project has been developed in the French Mediterranean area and its huge size raises several issues for the short- and long-term sustainability of local forests and associated economic sectors. The French Mediterranean forests provide four types of economic goods (private, club, common, and public goods) and multiple ecosystem services, which makes them complex to manage under an energy transition policy. In this paper, we applied three qualitative methods, namely interviews, participative workshops, and observant participation, and three conceptual models, namely (i) Ostrom’s (2010) self-organization key conditions, (ii) the types of economic goods classified according to their excludability and rivalry properties, and (iii) the ecosystem service categorization system of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). With our methods, we show that the renewable strategy chosen in France replicates the current centralized production model based on fossil and nuclear fuels. Thus, we demonstrate that European, national, and local authorities fail to consider the multiple ecosystem services that forest management strategies should include to face the energy transition, climate change, and the other ecological challenges of the 21st century.

Retraction Note to: Motorized Level of Service Classification for Urban Uncontrolled Intersections

Service and total delay are considered for classifying MLOS and intersections, respectively. GPS is used to collect travel time and speed data for turning movements that are transformed into average delay values. Thirteen junctions from eight different cities in India form the dataset. Divisive followed by agglomerative clustering (DAC-HAC) algorithm is applied as a two-step process for obtaining the service and total delay ranges. Validation of clusters is performed based on the Davies-Bouldin score, Calinski-Harabasz index, and Silhouette gaps. Based on DAC-HAC, uncontrolled intersections are classified into six categories (Cat-I, II, III, IV, V, and VI). Results indicate MLOS classes “D”, “E” and “F” have significantly higher service delay ranges as compared to Highway capacity manual “control” delay ranges indicating mixed traffic conditions. Most of the uncontrolled intersections under mixed traffic fall under Cat-IV, V, and VI, having higher total delay ranges (> 60 s/ vehicle/ approach). Finally, validation of the clustering results is done for geometric and roadside environmental features.

Economic valuation of Earth's critical zone: Framework, theory and methods

The economic valuation of ecosystem services derived from Earth's critical zone has primarily concentrated on vegetation and surface waters or on a few selected aboveground services; however, the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the atmosphere and shallow lithosphere has not yet been considered substantially. In order to address this research gap, we propose a more explicit and rigorous definition of critical zone services as the human benefits provided by Earth's critical zone. This concept brings a more complete inventory of stocks and flows upon which critical zone valuation methods are based. By considering the 5 interconnected components (atmosphere, vegetation, soil, surface water, groundwater) of Earth's critical zone, we identify from literature review a wide range of critical zone services and classify them into three categories (provisioning, regulating and cultural) defined in the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services. We do not consider supporting services, whose influence is intrinsic to the values of the other classes, specifically to avoid double accounting. Based on the defined critical zone services, we present a methodology enabling economic valuation of Earth's critical zone that is consistent with partial equilibrium theory and accounts for biophysical and economic input to the analysis. This approach achieves two significant aims that 1) incorporate recent new natural sciences concepts and knowledge in evaluating the structure and function of the critical zone into methods of applied economics and 2) provide natural environmental scientists with access to simplified theory and practice of applied economics that is relevant to valuation methods at the location-specific physical scale of the critical zone. The proposed methodology can be used as a quantitative management tool for economists and policy makers to more transparently enumerate the provision of services arising from the biophysical functioning of the whole of Earth's critical zone in the face of increased pressures of increased population, land use intensification, and climate change.

MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS FOR HOTEL AND RESTAURANT COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

The article considers the interpretation of such concepts as «hotel», «restaurant», analyzes the author's interpretations of the concept of «hotel and restaurant complex», as well as offers its own understanding of this category. The specific features of the services of the hotel and restaurant complex are highlighted. Defined as a hotel and restaurant complex is not defined at the legislative level in Ukraine. The main approaches to defining the essence of the hotel and restaurant complex are presented, which is expressed in the ratio of the tourism industry and the hospitality industry. The main components of the development of the hotel and restaurant complex are proposed in the work: intangibility and hospitality of the hotel and restaurant service; intangible nature of hotel and restaurant service; uneven demand, failure to save services; inseparability from the source of hotel and restaurant service; variability of hotel and restaurant ambassador. Measures to strengthen the effectiveness of its development management are identified: participation in specialized exhibitions; development of proposals for integrated tourism products; involvement in the discussion and submission of proposals to laws and regulations; certification, categorization and standardization of hotel services; development of an integrated system of planning and coordination of activities; participation in hotel development projects with the participation of international operators; promoting the promotion of the complex product of the hotel and restaurant complex through the production of promotional videos, printing of advertising and information materials and their distribution at points of tourist services. The article pays special attention to rebranding and Internet advertising as important measures for effective management of the hotel and restaurant complex. The essence of the concept of "rebranding" and the prerequisites for its application are determined: physical and moral obsolescence of the existing brand, the emergence of competitors, reduced sales of services, change of direction, merger. For the hotel and restaurant complex the scheme of means of Internet advertising in case of carrying out rebranding is offered.

Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview

The biotic and abiotic assets of the marine environment form the “marine natural capital” embedded in the global ocean. Marine natural capital provides the flow of “marine ecosystem services” that are directly used or enjoyed by people providing benefits to human well-being. They include provisioning services (e.g., food), regulation and maintenance services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage, and coastal protection), and cultural services (e.g., tourism and recreational benefits). In recent decades, human activities have increased the pressures on marine ecosystems, often leading to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss and, in turn, affecting their ability to provide benefits to humans. Therefore, effective management strategies are crucial to the conservation of healthy and diverse marine ecosystems and to ensuring their long-term generation of goods and services. Biophysical, economic, and sociocultural assessments of marine ecosystem services are much needed to convey the importance of natural resources to managers and policy makers supporting the development and implementation of policies oriented for the sustainable management of marine resources. In addition, the accounting of marine ecosystem service values can be usefully complemented by their mapping to enable the identification of priority areas and management strategies and to facilitate science–policy dialogue. Given this premise, this study aims to review trends and evolution in the concept of marine ecosystem services. In particular, the global scientific literature on marine ecosystem services is explored by focusing on the following main aspects: the definition and classification of marine ecosystem services; their loss due to anthropogenic pressures, alternative assessment, and mapping approaches; and the inclusion of marine ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes.

A new bottom-up method for the standard analysis and comparison of workforce capacity in mental healthcare planning: Demonstration study in the Australian Capital Territory.

The aims of this study are to evaluate and describe mental health workforce and capacity, and to describe the relationship between workforce capacity and patterns of care in local areas. We conducted a comparative demonstration study of the applicability of an internationally validated standardised service classification instrument-the Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories-DESDE-LTC) using the emerging mental health ecosystems research (MHESR) approach. Using DESDE-LTC as the framework, and drawing from international occupation classifications, the workforce was classified according to characteristics including the type of care provided and professional background. Our reference area was the Australian Capital Territory, which we compared with two other urban districts in Australia (Sydney and South East Sydney) and three benchmark international health districts (Helsinki-Uusima (Finland), Verona (Italy) and Gipuzkoa (Spain)). We also compared our data with national level data where available. The Australian and Finnish regions had a larger and more highly skilled workforce than the southern European regions. The pattern of workforce availability and profile varied, even within the same country, at the local level. We found significant differences between regional rates of identified rates of psychiatrists and psychologists, and national averages. Using a standardised classification instrument at the local level, and our occupational groupings, we were able to assess the available workforce and provide information relevant to planners about the actual capacity of the system. Data obtained at local level is critical to providing planners with reliable data to inform their decision making.

Web Service Clustering Approach Based on Network and Fused Document-Based and Tag-Based Topics Similarity

To produce a web services clustering with values that satisfy many requirements is a challenging focus. In this article, the authors proposed a new approach with two models, which are helpful to the service clustering problem. Firstly, a document-tag LDA model (DTag-LDA) is proposed that considers the tag information of web services, and the tag can describe the effective information of documents accurately. Based on the first model, this article further proposes an efficient document weight and tag weight-LDA model (DTw-LDA), which fused multi-modal data network. To further improve the clustering accuracy, the model constructs the network for describing text and tag respectively and then merges the two networks to generate web service network clustered. In addition, this article also designs experiments to verify that the used auxiliary information can help to extract more accurate semantics by conducting service classification. And the proposed method has obvious advantages in precision, recall, purity, and other performance.

Organizational aspects of territory development

Purpose: The society development is characterized by changes in the technological structure, that make necessary to revise the existing solutions that affect all areas of the national economy in general, and the construction industry, in particular. Due to the increased requirements for comfort, safety and economy of the living environment, it is expedient to transform the urban planning solutions. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to study the organizational aspects of the territory development, paying special attention engineering and reengineering.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis is used to perform the classification of services and works. Special attention is paid to the organizational aspects of engineering and the life cycle of urban planning solutions. As a hypothesis, it is assumed that the most effective solution of the society problems of comfort and safety of buildings, is reengineering based on the synthesis of the sustainable development and risk-based approach. Research implications:Engineering in construction is defined. Reengineering of urban planning solutions is shown as well as the possibility of synthesizing the concepts of sustainable development and risk-based approach. The dynamics of changes in the parameters of individual elements may not coincide with the nature of changes in the overall urban planning decision, which provides the emergence of areas of dangerous and uncomfortable living environment. This requires modernization of technical solutions or restoration of their material form, which is the subject of reengineering, which can be distributed over the life cycle of the urban planning solution and attributed to the land development.

Implementation practice of electronic administrative services in Ukraine

One of the factors for the development of civil society in Ukraine is an effective, well-functioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at studying the organisational and procedural aspects of providing electronic administrative services in Ukraine. Authors of this study clarified the significance of some fundamental concepts of this issue. The author's approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services was formulated based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. Administrative mechanisms for implementing electronic public services were analysed. The study investigated the features of classification of electronic administrative services by types of electronic representation, by field of activity, by form of ownership, by consumers, by place of receipt from the standpoint of the client and from the standpoint of involvement in the electronic service. This study is the first to analyse the regulatory framework of Ukraine on the provision of electronic administrative services in stages and chronologically. Authors studied and compared the features of the procedure for rendering electronic administrative services using the Unified State Portal of Administrative Services, the iGov portal of state electronic services and the Ukrainian online service of public services – Diia. The study covered the procedure for the operation of administrative service centres in Ukraine. It was concluded that the first step of Ukraine towards creating its information society through the introduction of e-governance should be the establishment of a market for administrative and information electronic services

The intersection of economic demand for ecosystem services and public policy: A watershed case study exploring implications for social-ecological resilience

Regional economies depend, to varying degrees, on water-based ecosystem services. As growing populations and other pressures increasingly stress underlying ecosystems, it is imperative that society better understand the linkages between economic and ecological systems, and how policy seeks to mediate competing interests. However, detailed analysis is often beyond the reach of resource-constrained local governments. Two general principles are proposed for conceptualizing linkages between ecological and economic systems. These principles are used to reformulate an existing ecosystem services classification system, which is then applied to the Mississippi Valley watershed in Ontario, Canada, to identify areas of high economic demand for water-based ecosystem services. Incorporating upstream–downstream linkages and climate change considerations, the extant policy framework is assessed for its ability to manage these systems-based considerations, informing a discussion of how policy, property rights, and other system attributes could combine to drawdown ecological resources and undermine the opportunity for others to access needed ecosystem services. This has the potential to create feedback and exacerbate resilience challenges or, with improved understanding of policy linkages, inform countermeasures to improve ecosystem management.