Classification Of Malignant Diseases Research Articles

Finding the best haematopoietic stem cell transplant regimen for GATA2 haploinsufficiency: how close are we?

Finding the best haematopoietic stem cell transplant regimen for GATA2 haploinsufficiency: how close are we?

Diagnostic classification of solitary pulmonary nodules using dual time 18F-FDG PET/CT image texture features in granuloma-endemic regions

Lung cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, usually presents as solid pulmonary nodules (SPNs) on early diagnostic images. Classification of malignant disease at this early timepoint is critical for improving the success of surgical resection and increasing 5-year survival rates. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT has demonstrated value for SPNs diagnosis with high sensitivity to detect malignant SPNs, but lower specificity in diagnosing malignant SPNs in populations with endemic infectious lung disease. This study aimed to determine whether quantitative heterogeneity derived from various texture features on dual time FDG PET/CT images (DTPI) can differentiate between malignant and benign SPNs in patients from granuloma-endemic regions. Machine learning methods were employed to find optimal discrimination between malignant and benign nodules. Machine learning models trained by texture features on DTPI images achieved significant improvements over standard clinical metrics and visual interpretation for discriminating benign from malignant SPNs, especially by texture features on delayed FDG PET/CT images.

CT-guided percutaneous core biopsy of deep face and skull-base lesions

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of deep face and skull-base computed tomography (CT)-guided core biopsy. Seventeen patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous core biopsies of deep face and skull-base lesions. One biopsy was repeated due to a non-diagnostic sample so 18 biopsy procedures were evaluated. The 17 lesions were centred within the central skull base (n=2), parapharyngeal (n=3), retropharyngeal spaces (n=4), masticator (n=3), pterygopalatine fossa (n=1), and deep lobe of parotid (n=4). Subzygomatic (n=7), retromaxillary (n=9), suprazygomatic (n=1), and transparotid (n=1) needle approaches were used. The diagnostic accuracy was either assessed by a positive histological result from the operative specimen or based on treatment response and clinical follow-up. No immediate or delayed procedural complications were encountered. A histological diagnosis was obtained in 16 of the 18 biopsies (89% diagnostic yield). The pathological diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision (5/18 biopsies) and by predicted treatment response or clinical follow-up (10/18 biopsies). Diagnosis could not be confirmed for three of the 18 biopsies. The diagnostic accuracy of core biopsy was 13 of 15 (87%) for all samples. CT-guided percutaneous deep face core biopsy is a safe technique with good diagnostic accuracy, allowing diagnosis of benign disease and classification of malignant disease.

Global Gene Expression in Classification, Pathogenetic Understanding and Identification of Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Global gene expression analysis by way of DNA microarrays and real time quantitative PCR provides an important supplement to established diagnosis and classification of malignant disease. A comprehensive molecular understanding of the regulatory modules involved in carcinogenesis should also be important for improved identification of therapeutic targets and thus for future individualized therapy, e.g., by allowing therapeutic synergy when designing combination therapy against vulnerable points in the malignant cells. The therapeutic potential of knowledge obtained from global gene expression analysis of malignant cells is crucially dependent upon a similarly fine-grained knowledge of gene regulation in normal cells. The deviant gene expression patterns should therefore be assessed on a background of gene expression associated with housekeeping functions, particular differentiation stages and epiphenomena due to genomic instability. Since malignant cells originate from transformed precursor cells, such reference information can be obtained from investigations of embryonic and somatic stem cells. Much has recently been learned about the regulatory modules of normal hematopoietic stem cells and their malignant counterparts, and new biologically and clinically relevant patient subgroups as well as novel prognostic and therapeutic molecular markers have been identified. The present review weighs up the results and their potentialities with reference to gene expression analysis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Stereotactic Large-Core Breast Biopsy

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/26-2-16757 Reprint permission is granted by Administrative Radiology Journal; reprinted from April 1993, Vol. 12, No.4. Surgical excisional biopsy is currcntly the most common type of breast biopsy performed to determine the benign or malignant nature of mammographically detected abnormalities. Approximately 80% to 85% of these lesions prove to be benign by open surgical biopsy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast lesions bas been advocated to reduce the number of unnecessary surgical procedures. The drawbacks of FNAB include insufficient tissue for diagnosis in 6% to 47% of cases, 1% to 31% false negative results, limited ability to make a definite benign diagnosis and difficulty in precise classification of malignant disease. Stereotactic large core biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions overcomes many of these drawbacks of FNAB. The accuracy of stereotactic large core biopsy is comparable to open surgical biopsy. The advantages of stereotactic core biopsy over surgical biopsy are that it is less invasive, takes less time and costs less. This article describes the technique of stereotactic large core biopsy of breast lesions and our experience with more than 100 patients.

THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE.

The treatment of malignant disease is of paramount importance. The questions of etiology, symptomatology and classification of malignant disease are insignificant as compared with the treatment. This subject can only be appreciated by a recognition of two salient facts: 1, the increase of malignant disease; 2, the universal mortality. To better appreciate the vital subject under discussion it is pertinent to consider for a few moments the increase of malignant disease in order to better understand the importance of its treatment. Humanity at large seeks for relief from this dreadful scourge, and humanity appeals to the surgeon for help, as he is the only one who can effect a cure. The increase of cancer is a fact which as it is not understood, can not be explained. Through the kindness of Mr. Frederick L. Hoffman, of the Prudential Life Insurance Company, I am indebted for some information which has never