Classical Test Model Research Articles

Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesian Coffee Exports in 2001-2018 Using The Vector Autoregression (VAR) Approach

Coffee exports are influenced by the exchange rate, the price of coffee and the amount of production. The purpose of the study was to determine the short-term and long-term relationship between coffee exports in 2001-2018. The research method is quantitative descriptive using classical assumption test and Error Correlation Model (ECM). The results of the VAR study are that coffee exports are not affected by coffee prices, coffee production and the rupiah exchange rate. Coffee exports were not significantly affected by coffee production, coffee prices and the exchange rate (exchange rate) using VAR. result Grangger's is that coffee production affects coffee exports and the exchange rate affects coffee exports. Test IRF and VD is the coffee production is influenced by coffee prices and the exchange rate, the price of coffee affects the production of coffee, coffee exports and the exchange rate and the exchange rate is influenced by the price of coffee and coffee exports. As for advice because coffee production affects coffee exports from Indonesia then, the government should do a vertical integration from upstream (people's plantations) to downstream (industries) to increase export expansion.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesian Coffee Exports in 2001-2018 Using The Vector Autoregression (VAR) Approach

Coffee exports are influenced by the exchange rate, the price of coffee and the amount of production. The purpose of the study was to determine the short-term and long-term relationship between coffee exports in 2001-2018. The research method is quantitative descriptive using classical assumption test and Error Correlation Model (ECM). The results of the VAR study are that coffee exports are not affected by coffee prices, coffee production and the rupiah exchange rate. Coffee exports were not significantly affected by coffee production, coffee prices and the exchange rate (exchange rate) using VAR. result Grangger's is that coffee production affects coffee exports and the exchange rate affects coffee exports. Test IRF and VD is the coffee production is influenced by coffee prices and the exchange rate, the price of coffee affects the production of coffee, coffee exports and the exchange rate and the exchange rate is influenced by the price of coffee and coffee exports. As for advice because coffee production affects coffee exports from Indonesia then, the government should do a vertical integration from upstream (people's plantations) to downstream (industries) to increase export expansion.

PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, RETURN ON ASSET, DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2015-2017

The research was conducted to test the current, ratio return on assets, and debt to equity ratio on the price of food and beverage company shares in the indonesia stock exchange. 2015-2017 periodThis peneltian mengetaui (1) is there to influence current ratio, stock prices (2) is there the return on assets against, stock prices (3) is there the influence of debt to equity ratio of, stock prices (4) does influence together current, ratio return on assets, and debt to equity ratio on the price of food and minumana shares in companies listed on the indonesia stock exchange. 2015-2017 period. The population in this study is a food and beverage company listed on the IDX. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling method. The total sample of 11 food and beverage companies is listed on the IDX in the period 2015-2017. Data analysis using classical assumption test and panel data model regression analysis. Based on the results of the study show that (1) Current Ratio partially has a positive and not significant effect on stock prices, (2) Return on Asset partially has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, (3) Debt to Equity Ratio partially has a negative effect and not significant to stock prices, (4) Current Ratio, Return on Assets, and Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on stock prices, this is evidenced by the R2 value of 0.322021 and F significance value of 4.591398.

FINANCIAL DISTRESS DI BUMN INDONESIA DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INVESTASI, LEVERAGE DAN CASH FLOW OPERATION TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN

This study aims to analyze the effect of managerial compensation, working capital, investment growth, and cash flow operations on financial distress in state-owned companies. This study uses several independent variables that empirically affect operating cash flow that has an impact on SOE financial distress. This study also uses financial indicators as control variables to limit the influence of factors or other variables outside the independent variable. The control variable used in this study is leverage. The researcher selected secondary data from 2014-2017 from a sample of 19 State-owned enterprises that received subsidies or equity participation from the government. The analytical method used is a statistical approach through the classical assumption test and linear regression model. The results of this study indicate that Working Capital and leverage have an influence on Financial Distress. Management Compensation, Investment Growth, and Cash Flow Operations have no influence on Financial Distress.

Analysis of Scientific Studies on Item Response Theory by Bibliometric Analysis Method

The purpose of this study is to analyze the studies, which include Item Response Theory among the keywords, available in the Web of Science database between 1980-2018 through bibliometric analysis method. A total of 1,367 academic works has been analyzed. The authors, journals and countries having the highest number of studies in the field and their interrelations on the network in terms of collaboration have been determined through common citation analysis performed using Citespace II software. In addition, a word analysis was also conducted to determine most frequently used concepts in the field. As a result of the study it was found that the authors that have made the biggest contribution to the field are De Ayala, Embretson, Reckase, Reise and Chalmers; in addition, the countries making the biggest contribution are respectively US, Netherland, Canada, Spain and China. The number of citations that US got, which is the country that received the highest number of citations with 687 citations, is 7 times higher than Netherland, which is the second most cited country. Moreover, it was found that the journals that were mostly cited are respectively Psychometrika, Appl Psych Measurement, Item Response Theory, J Edu Measurement and Educ Psychol Measurement. As a result of the word analysis based on most repeated words, which was performed for the purpose of determining most popular subjects on the field, it was found that most frequently used words are item response theory, classical test theory, model, validation, reliability, validity and Rasch model

PEMODELAN REGRESI LINIER BERGANDA DAN ESTIMASI BIAYA PERBAIKAN LERENG MENGGUNAKAN SOIL NAILING (STUDI KASUS : JALAN MUARA ENIM – SP. SUGIHWARAS)

Muara Enim road segment SP. Sugihwaras very potential to occur landslide based on its location which is on the edge of the river. Recorded by the National Road Implementation Institute (BBPJN) III has been a slope grid in 2014. Slope improvement efforts undertaken by the Ministry of Public Works using a combination of gabion not too successfully overcome the problem. In addition to the strength element of a construction work, the cost and timing of the implementation are also important considerations in planning. Slope at 173 + 535 - Km 173 + 705 along 170 m using soil nailing planned three nails with 19 mmnail diameter and angular slope of 20° with variation of nail length, nail installation spacing, safety factor (SF) and estimated working time to the cost. Using the SPSS.16.0 program, the variations are modeled by nine samples as multiple linear regression equations. Based on the SPSS output, then tested the classical assumption and feasibility test model which produced the model: Cost (million) = - 3159,475 - 54,097 length - 1354,256 distance + 5188,127 SF + 26,483 time. The Budget Plan (RAB) covers preparatory work, drainage system, soil nailing, and shotcrete. An efficient cost estimate of 8 m length nail, 1.5m installation distance, 1.5 safety factor and 64-day working time resulted in a cost of Rp. 3.853.485.500,00 (Three billion eight hundred fifty three million four hundred eighty five thousand rupiah).

Botanicals for mood disorders with a focus on epilepsy

Mood disorders are among the major health problems that exist worldwide. They are highly prevalent in the general population and cause significant disturbance of life quality and social functioning of the affected persons. The two major classes of mood disorders are bipolar disorders and depression. The latter is assumed to be the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy. Studies published during the second half of the 20th century recognized that certain patients with epilepsy present a depressed mood. Synthesized pharmaceuticals have been in use for decades to treat both mood disorders and epilepsy, but despite their efficiency, their use is limited by numerous side effects. On the other hand, animal models have been developed to deeply study potential botanicals which have an effect on mood disorders. Studies to investigate the potential effects of medicinal plants acting on the nervous system and used to treat seizures and anxiety are increasingly growing. However, these studies discuss the two conditions separately without association. In this review, we present animal models of depression and investigative models (methods of assessing depression) of depression and anxiety in animals. Other classical test models for prediction of clinical antidepressant activity are presented. Finally, this review also highlights antidepressant activities of herbals focusing specially on depression-like behaviors associated with epilepsy. The pharmacological properties and active principles of cited medicinal plants are emphasized. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the work done on botanicals for mood disorders, potential mechanisms of action of botanicals, and the major compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".

Steady-state groundwater flow model with variable hydraulic conductivity

Classical aquifer test models assume an isotropic and homogenous medium with Darcian flow as an ideal case. Deviations from type curves indicate the heterogeneity of the aquifer. There are heterogeneities even at small scales. There are also systematic variations which are not considered by type curves. For instance, due to the groundwater movement during the well-development phase, the hydraulic conductivity tends to decrease with radial distance from the well. For practical representation of such a systematic variation, a linear hydraulic conductivity decrease is adopted and the relevant type curve expressions are derived. These expressions are checked against the classical constant hydraulic conductivity solutions in the literature. Derived type curves are employed for the identification of aquifer parameters, namely transmissivity and the radial hydraulic conductivity variation parameters. The type curve expression derived transforms into the classical Thiem expression when the aquifer hydraulic conductivity is considered as constant. It is observed that classical steady-state flow with constant hydraulic conductivity underestimates the transmissivity by 10%.

Application of the Double Monotonicity Model to Polytomous Items

Abstract. This paper investigates the item scalability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in 252 subjects; 126 with and 126 without eating disorders. To do so, an order was established regarding the BDI items according to the clinical characteristics of the subjects with eating disorders. The nonparametric Item Response Theory (NIRT) model was applied to evaluate Monotone Homogeneity and Double Monotonicity of items, as well as the reliability of the scale in both groups. The results show that the order of the items is satisfied in the group with eating disorders, but not in the control group. Therefore, the results obtained allow the ordering of depression scores of subjects with eating disorders according to their clinical characteristics. This order is not valid for the depression scores of subjects who did not have eating disorders. It should be noted that the application of the Double Monotonicity model to polytomous items provides new and relevant information when compared to the data provided by the Classical Test Model. In addition, it is very useful for other items and subjects having certain characteristics.

A parallel diagonally iterated RK method for convection-diffusion and stiff problems

In this paper we propose a parallel diagonal iteration process for solving a low-order implicit Runge–Kutta method of Lagrange type. The resulting scheme can be regarded as a parallel singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (PSDIRK) method and it is strongly A-stable when the classical linear test model is used. On a two-processor computer, this method requires the solution of two implicit relations (sequential time units) per step and per processor. We compare our method with some sequential and parallel methods from the literature for solving linear as well as non-linear stiff problems and semidiscretized convection–diffusion equations. The numerical experiments show the behaviour of our method with regard to the other methods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Item Response Theory Models and Testing Practices: Current International Status and Future Directions ٭ ٭Invited paper presented at the 23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid, Spain. ٭Laboratory of Psychometric and Evaluative Research Report No.229. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, School of Education.

Psychological testing has been undergoing major changes. One of the main changes is the transition from the use of classical to modern test models and methods in test development. The purposes of this paper are to describe the shortcomings of classical test models which are overcome with modern test theory, i.e., item response theory, to introduce the basic concepts of item response theory, to describe several important international applications of item response theory models, and finally, to describe some likely IRT directions in the next century.

Resolution of a Regression Paradox in Pretest-Posttest Designs

Regression to the mean (RTM) of individuals is the tendency for extreme individuals to become less extreme on remeasurement; RTM of group means describes this same tendency among group means. Under the classical test model, in pretest-posttest designs where subjects are selected on the basis of extreme values at the pretest, RTM of group means will always occur for the attribute used to select extreme subjects. For other attributes, however, RTM of group means requires a positive correlation between that attribute's measurement error and the measurement error of the attribute used in the selection. Thus, while all attributes will evidence RTM of individuals, extreme groups do not always regress to the mean. RTM depends most fundamentally on the magnitude of the pretest measurement error.

Use of the Rasch model in communication education: An explanation and example application

One aspect of test theory that has not seen significant use in communication education is latent trait modeling, despite the preferability of these models over classical test models. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief, non‐technical overview of the latent trait models, as well as to provide an argument for the preferability of the latent trait models (and the Rasch logistic model, in particular) over classical test models. An example application of the Rasch model in the context of communication is offered in which the final exam of a large multiple section introductory communication course is evaluated. Finally, implications of the use of latent trait models for communication educators are discussed.

Potential antidepressant activity of rolipram and other selective cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Following intraperitoneal administration, the selective cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors rolipram, ICI 63 197 and Ro 20-1724 were investigated in mice in comparison with imipramine for their effectiveness in two classical test models for prediction of clinical antidepressant activity: antagonism of reserpine-induced hypothermia or hypokinesia and potentiation of yohimbine lethality. Rolipram was approximately 15 times more potent than imipramine or Ro 20-1724 and approximately as potent as ICI 63 197 in antagonizing reserpine-induced hypothermia. The antihypothermic effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors occurred at a smaller dose than that of imipramine. In contrast to imipramine, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors reversed reserpine-induced hypokinesia. Rolipram was approximately as potent as ICI 63 197 and about 15 times more potent than Ro 20-1724. Rolipram was approx. 5 times more potent than Ro 20-1724 and approx. as potent as imipramine or ICI 63 197 in potentiating the lethality of yohimbine. In both test models the (−)-isomer of rolipram was approx. 10–15 times more potent than the (+)-isomer, indicating a stereospecific mechanism of action. The present data suggest an antidepressant action of selective cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors due to enhancement of central noradrenergic transmission. The hypothesis is put forward that the increase of noradrenaline turnover induced by phosphodiesterase inhibitors with the inhibitory action of the compounds on cAMP metabolism enables more efficient adaptative changes to occur at central synapses resulting in a rapid onset of the antidepressant activity. Preliminary results with rolipram in patients with endogenous depression seem to support this assumption.

Untersuchungsinstrumente: Zur Taxonomie und Bewertung psychologischer Untersuchungsverfahren bei Psychopharmakaprüfungen

Psychological tests are bound with specific goals. Four goal aspects are differentiated: status vs. processdiagnostics, normoriented vs. criterionoriented diagnostic, testing vs. inventarization, measurement of true scores vs. decision oriented diagnostic. Every diagnostic procedure is characterized by a specific personality theory and theory of measurement (classical vs. probabilistic test model). The diagnostic procedures traditionally used for evaluating drugs prefer status diagnostic, normoriented diagnostic, testing and measurement of true scores. Similar one-sidedness in personality theory and theory of measurement restrict validity and usefulness of psychological tests. In clinical practice we find a theoretically and empirically unjustified restriction in the selection of measurement devices on ratings and questionnaires. If we suppose multidimensionality of drug induced changes, we must apply a multimethod approach in outcome studies and use beside ratings and questionnaires behavior observations, objective tests, psychophysiological and neurophysiological measures. We propose a descriptive taxonomy of methods for planning multimethod outcome and process studies. From this taxonomy the methods of measurement for effects and side effects of drugs may be derived. The necessity of the multimethod approach is confirmed by empirical research. With this concept, the following neglected research questions become more obvious: concordance and discordance, synchrony and desynchrony of methods of measurement. We conclude with recommendations for clinical practice and research of outcome and process effects in drug therapy.

Isoparametric, finite element, variational solution of integral equations for three‐dimensional fields

AbstractAn improved numerical method, based on a variational approach with isoparametric finite elements, is presented for the solution of the boundary integral equation formulation of three‐dimensional fields. The technique provides higher‐order approximation of the unknown function over a bounding surface described by two‐parameter, non‐planar elements. The integral equation is discretized through the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure. Convergence to the solution for operators having a positive‐definite component is guaranteed. Kernel singularities are treated by removing them from the relevant integrals and dealing with them analytically. A successive element iterative process, which produces the solution of the large dense matrix of the complete structure, is described. The discretization and equation solution take place one element at a time resulting in storage and computational savings. Results obtained for classical test models, involving scalar electrostatic potential and vector elastostatic displacement fields, demonstrate the technique for the solution of the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Solution of the Fredholm equation of the second kind is to be reported subsequently.