Taylorism Research Articles

Granule description with undetermined values in a three-way epistemic perspective

At present, the accuracy of formal concept based granule description with undetermined values still has plenty of room for improvement. For this purpose, this paper presents a granule description method for uncertain data in a three-way epistemic perspective. Specifically, we resort to a kind of three-way epistemic model, i.e., three-way concepts. Firstly, three-way concepts are investigated by their stabilities in formal contexts with undetermined values. Then, an incomplete granule description method is proposed by using a three-way epistemic perspective. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are compared with the classical epistemic perspective based method. It can be shown that the former can obtain a higher description accuracy. Moreover, if basic granules are taken as priori knowledge, both the number and acquisition time of basic granules under the framework of three-way epistemic perspective are significantly more than those under the framework of formal concepts. However, once the prior knowledge is obtained, there is no significant difference in incomplete granule description in terms of time consumption.

Embedded Economic Behavior in Baatar Jujuran of Banjar Tradition in Banjarmasin

This research delves into the economic behavior embedded in the traditional Banjar wedding process of Baatar Jujuran, a distinctive practice in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. While from a classical economics perspective, individual actions are often viewed as rational and instrumental, this study explores how cultural and religious values significantly influence the economic actions of the Banjar people. This research employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with informants selected via purposive sampling. Three informants were chosen, including a community leader, a cultural expert, and a religious figure with expertise in Islamic perspectives on marriage. Result found Baatar Jujuran involves the groom providing a sum of money to the bride's family, with the amount being determined by the bride, reflecting family social status. Through the theory of embeddedness, this research reveals that economic actions, even in a modern society, remain socially embedded in non-economic institutions like culture and religion, demonstrating the pervasive impact of cultural and religious values. The study also examines the Baatar Jujuran tradition from an Islamic perspective, highlighting its compatibility with Islamic teachings and practices. The findings illustrate how cultural and religious values, along with the dynamics of personal relationships, significantly shape economic behaviors in the Banjar community, offering a unique perspective on economic sociology.

A Large-Scale Dataset of Search Interests Related to Disease X Originating from Different Geographic Regions

The World Health Organization (WHO) added Disease X to their shortlist of blueprint priority diseases to represent a hypothetical, unknown pathogen that could cause a future epidemic. During different virus outbreaks of the past, such as COVID-19, Influenza, Lyme Disease, and Zika virus, researchers from various disciplines utilized Google Trends to mine multimodal components of web behavior to study, investigate, and analyze the global awareness, preparedness, and response associated with these respective virus outbreaks. As the world prepares for Disease X, a dataset on web behavior related to Disease X would be crucial to contribute towards the timely advancement of research in this field. Furthermore, none of the prior works in this field have focused on the development of a dataset to compile relevant web behavior data, which would help to prepare for Disease X. To address these research challenges, this work presents a dataset of web behavior related to Disease X, which emerged from different geographic regions of the world, between February 2018 and August 2023. Specifically, this dataset presents the search interests related to Disease X from 94 geographic regions. These regions were chosen for data mining as these regions recorded significant search interests related to Disease X during this timeframe. The dataset was developed by collecting data using Google Trends. The relevant search interests for all these regions for each month in this time range are available in this dataset. This paper also discusses the compliance of this dataset with the FAIR principles of scientific data management. Finally, an analysis of this dataset is presented to uphold the applicability, relevance, and usefulness of this dataset for the investigation of different research questions in the interrelated fields of Big Data, Data Mining, Healthcare, Epidemiology, and Data Analysis with a specific focus on Disease X.

Ground-state cooling in cavity optomechanical systems

The development of quantum optomechanics enables the manipulation of the quantum state of a macroscopic object and the conversion of frequency in different domains in quantum information processing, which prompts the process of quantum network and quantum computing. However, to enter the regime of quantum optomechanics, it’s necessary to prepare a mechanical object in its ground state. In this review, we briefly introduce the process of ground-state cooling in cavity optomechanical system. We first elucidate the theory of optomechanical cooling from both the classical and quantum perspective. Then we review experimental process about ground-state cooling in cavity optomechanical systems in these years, which includes the active feedback cooling and intrinsic optomechanical cooling. We selectively introduce the apparatus, samples and final cooling performance of some remarkable experiments. Finally, theoretical discussions on novel cooling approach will be reviewed, including cooling beyond resolved-sideband regime and multimode cooling, which may serve as a guidance for future experiment design.

Liberty and the neoclassical fallacy

Does liberty matter for economics? To address this question, I distinguish among three different types of liberty: Adam Smith’s, the neoclassical, and the so-called “classical liberal.” They differ in that the neoclassical and the classical liberal perspectives presume the existence, typically without noting it, of the four conditions that comprise the foundation of liberty, namely, secure property rights, enforcement of contracts, absence of government predation, and security. In contrast, Adam Smith sought to explain these foundations. In this article—an extraliterary review of one of the central themes of Acemoglu and Robinson (2019)—I draw the implications of Smith’s approach, and I explain why neoclassical economics—which takes the foundations of liberty as given—is unable to understand the work of Smith on this topic and, hence, on economic development. I also show that the neoclassical and the classical liberal approaches rest on a foundation of magic: they both presume the foundational conditions just noted but fail to explain how they arise. Put simply, the neoclassical approach has no explanation for the origin of liberty or of the mechanisms that sustain it. If markets require the four conditions of the foundation of liberty, then a complete explanation of the origin and development of markets must include an explanation of how these conditions come to hold. The Smithian economic perspective is especially important for today’s developing countries, most of which, at best, struggle to create the four foundational assumptions of liberty.

The classical and neoclassical perspectives: A theoretical framework for studying the advent and growth of mobile money—The Tanzanian experience

AbstractThe article addresses the need for comprehensive analytical frameworks or perspectives in mobile money research. It also proposes and develops a conceptual framework utilizing classical and neoclassical perspectives. The interdisciplinary nature of mobile money studies and the need for robust analytical frameworks or perspectives pose a significant challenge to researchers, creating a political‐economic gap in analyzing mobile money. In this case, classical and neoclassical mindsets bridge this gap in mobile money analysis. Moreover, the article also addresses the following research question: How have classical and neoclassical perspectives influenced the emergence and growth of mobile money in Tanzania throughout the past 15 years? The argument posits that implementing and dismantling neoliberal policies have facilitated the introduction and advancement of mobile money, drawing upon classical and neoclassical principles. In‐depth, unstructured interviews and content analysis from relevant and scholarly sources have been used as data collection methods. Thematic analysis has also been used for data analysis. The findings indicate that researchers can rely on classical and neoclassical perspectives to analyze mobile money's advent, growth, and consolidation. The implications are that classical and neoclassical perspectives provide a context and a unit of analysis that can be used to study the political‐economic issues of mobile money and other digital financial innovations.

Tutors visualized through metaphorical narratives: a role unquestioned?

ABSTRACT Do tutors in higher education have a clear vision of their role? Using qualitative methodology, this case study interprets and analyses the metaphorical narratives constructed by a group of 50 tutors referring to their own role. The results show a predominance of the most classical perspectives from which the tutoring role can be considered, in which the participants perceive themselves as the means whereby they can guide, inform and give emotional support to the students from an individual and transactional position. However, these perspectives are far removed from the idea that this function is carried out from a paradigm that is social and/or shared with other agents, based on a horizontal relationship and for the purpose of encouraging individual autonomy and a capacity for self-regulation. The unquestioning acceptance of a complex role invites us to reflect on the tutors’ professional learning, which leads us to new questions.

Theatre of Exorcism: Evoking the Past to Control the Present

The paper will investigate the dramatic treatment of conjuring in the past theological and demonological texts of one of the English Renaissance plays. Exorcism is widely discussed and scientifically tackled during the twenty-first century theatrically and cinematically which is seemingly reflecting the out-off-heavenly thorough needs for eternal happiness. The paper is mainly divided into two parts. It starts with an introduction about the terms that are concerned mainly with the theme of the study. The first part is entitled ‘Readings in Exorcism and the Spiritual Challenge of Religion and Science’. It sheds light on various dimensions of exorcism in religion and science and deals with certain Classical Perspectives. The second part is entitled ‘Demonic Possession of Staging Exorcism’. It deals with some selected classical and modern plays that exemplify the significance of exorcism during the middle ages, and the increasing demand for exorcists in most updated dramatic adaptation of the 21st century. The second part illustrates the medical horror drama caused by exorcism set in a catholic hospital of a modern Korean drama Priest (2018) written by Moon Man-Se. This part is also concerned with a modern play which was dramatized in two acts by Tim J. Kelly entitled The Hunchback of Notre Dame(1992) as to be the main focus of the present study..

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF NARASIMHA RASAYANA

Among the eight branches of Ayurveda, Rasayana chikitsa is an important branch. The term Rasayana means the proper ayana (path), the footstep of nutritional requirements, which is the basis for a younger and healthy life. Ayurvedic classics explain Rasayana's effect as attaining longevity, memory, intellect, freedom from diseases, youth, excellence of lustre, complexion, voice, etc. Among the various Rasayana yogas mentioned in Ayurveda, Narasimha Rasayana (NR) is a unique formulation mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya containing ingredients like Khadira, Chitraka, Shimshapa, Vijayasara, Haritaki, Vidanga, Vibhitaki, Bhallataka, Lohashakala, go-dugdha, Bhringaraja, Shatavari which are processed in navaneeta. The indications of the formulation include a strong, swift and steady physique with shining black hair, good complexion, good intellect, digestive power, etc. In the present review, an attempt has been made to analyse the formulation, highlighting the properties of individual ingredients from a classical and modern perspective. The study revealed that the ingredients of Narasimha Rasayana possess antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-mutagenic and hemopoietic effects, among other qualities, which point towards a possible rejuvenating impact on the human body.

Comparative Study of Organizational Communication Theories Perspectives (Classical, Humanistic, Integration, and Contemporary Perspectives)

Organizational communication is used to achieve common goals in an organization. Organizational communication is the transmission of information so as to form information flows that give rise to information networks. In understanding communication in an organization there are several perspectives that can be used, namely: Classical, Humanistic, Integration and Contemporary. Perspective is a point of view in interpreting a problem. In this study, researchers discuss comparative studies from the perspectives of organizational communication theory. Where researchers compare the advantages and weaknesses of each perspective with qualitative approaches and comparative methods. In comparative studies, each of the above perspectives has different advantages and disadvantages, and is selected according to the needs of the organization and the specific situation. However, in general, the four perspectives can be used as a guide to understanding how communication can be used to achieve organizational goals. It is important to understand that each perspective has its own advantages and disadvantages, so there is no one theory that can be used to solve all problems in organizations. Although the four perspectives of organizational communication theory have different focuses and goals, they are interrelated and can contribute to a more holistic understanding of communication in organizations.

THE INDEPENDENT STATE COMMISSION IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF ITS INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS

The establishment of the Independent State Commission and other non-structural institutions was one of the alterations in the structure of the Indonesian constitution during the transition era and after the 1945 Constitution was amended. It is not uncommon for these Commissions to face criticism and controversy due to their autonomous authority and independence from the major branches of power. The objective of this research is to examine and describe the primary traits of such an institution in order for it to be recognized as an Independent State Commission by comparing it to the concept and best practices in the United States. As well as to justify the legitimacy of its position within the Indonesian constitutional framework. As a doctrinal legal research, this study uses a conceptual and legal comparative approach to secondary data presented in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings revealed that the independent State Commission's two key characteristics were its independence from the executive organs and its autonomous-regulatory power. In terms of legal position, the classical trias politica perspectives need be modified as the Independent State Commission is now viewed as a new branch of government under a new separation of powers framework.

Stress, a Brief Update.

Stress is fundamental for health and adaptation; it is an evolutionarily conserved response that involves several systems in the organism. The study of the stress response could be traced back to the end of the nineteenth century with George Beard's or Claude Bernard's work and, from that moment on, several studies that have allowed the elucidation of its neurobiology and the consequences of suffering from it were consolidated. In this theoretical review, we discuss the most relevant researches to our knowledge on the study of stress response, from the concept of stress, its neurobiology, the hormonal response during stress, as well as its regulation, the effects of acute and chronic stress, stress from cognition, the different stress responses during life, as well as its relationship with different psychiatric disorders. Taken together, the reviewed research updates the classic perspective on stress, increasing the factors that should be considered in research to explore the effects of stress on health.

The Log-Bimodal Asymmetric Generalized Gaussian Model with Application to Positive Data

One of the most widely known probability distributions used to explain the probabilistic behavior of positive data is the log-normal (LN). Although the LN distribution is capable of adjusting data types, it is not always fully true that the model manages to adequately model the behavior of the response of interest since in some cases, the degree of skewness and/or kurtosis of the data are greater or less than those that the LN distribution can capture. Another peculiarity of the LN distribution is that it only fits unimodal positive data, which constitutes a limitation when dealing with data that present more than one mode (bimodality). On the other hand, the log-normal model only fits unimodal positive data and in reality there are multiple applications where the behavior of materials is bimodal. To fill this gap, this paper introduces a new probability distribution that is capable of fitting unimodal or bimodal positive data with a high or low degree of skewness and/or kurtosis. The new distribution is a generalization of the LN distribution. For the new proposal, its main properties are studied and the process of estimation of the parameters involved in the model is carried out from a classical perspective using the maximum likelihood method. An important feature of this distribution is the non-singularity of the Fisher information matrix, which guarantees the use of asymptotic theory to study the properties of the parameter estimators. A Monte Carlo type simulation study is carried out to evaluate the properties of the estimators and finally, an illustration is presented with a set of data related to the concentration of nickel in soil samples, allowing to show that the proposed distribution fits extremely well in certain situations.

War on women

South African men have declared war on women, a statement expressing the fight against gender-based violence (GBV). Some argue that such a statement is unfair towards men who still respect the right to health and safety of women in society, while others argue that the roots of this war find their basis in disaster patriarchy. Disaster patriarchy is a process whereby men exploit a crisis to reassert control and dominance, erase women’s rights, women lose their safety, economic power, autonomy, and education and are pushed to the frontlines unprotected. The question is, what does the term “war” have to do with the fight against GBV; how does it find its roots in patriarchy; what can be done to bring this war to an end; and what are the practical theological tools needed to fight and end this war? The study is done from a Classical Pentecostal perspective, focusing specifically on the position of the Apostolic Faith Mission on war, their deliberations on patriarchy and GBV, and what role Pentecostal congregations can play to end this war. The study offers an analysis of patriarchy that serves as a basis for the war on women, engagement with the national GBV plan and its implementation by religious actors, especially Pentecostal congregations, and proposes a humanizing pneumatological approach that recognizes the human rights of those affected by the war and how to strengthen their agency and resilience. The study follows a comparative literature approach and is done using an interdisciplinary lens, consulting literature from the fields of theology, sociology, law and philosophy.

Adaptation of the controlling system of the machine-building enterprise to change in strategic goals

Purpose. To improve organizational and methodological and practical approaches to the formation of a controlling system at machine-building enterprises, which will ensure its adaptation following large-scale goals and will determine the degree of the approach of the enterprise to the set goal. Methodology. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific and special methods was used: abstract-logical, monographic methods, induction and deduction – to define and generalize theoretical and methodological foundations of adaptive management, formation and functioning of the controlling system in adaptive management; abstraction – to determine the large-scale goals of the enterprise which characterize the stages of its development; formation of a set of indicators that will provide a clear formulation of strategic goals of the enterprise and their achievement at different stages of its development. Findings. The proposed organizational and methodological approach to the formation of a controlling system at machine-building enterprises ensures the adaptation of the controlling system following the large-scale goals of the enterprise, allows one to determine the degree of the approach of the enterprise to the goal, as well as locally (decentralized), quickly and adequately respond to the irritant, without the participation of all departments of the enterprise. For this, the goals of the enterprise are determined according to the corresponding perspectives at the stages of “survival”, “growth”, “stability”, and “socially responsible business”. For a complete and comprehensive description of the company’s goals achievement, the balanced scorecard along with the classic perspectives – “Finance”, “Clients”, “Business processes”, “Personnel”, is supplemented by additional perspectives – “Ecology”, “Energy efficiency” and “Society”. Each degree of goals has its indicators, which differ from each other in number – for the “survival” stage, fewer indicators are used, and for the “socially responsible business” stage, more; in addition, the target values of the indicators may change. Originality. The organizational and methodological approach to the formation of a controlling system at the machine-building enterprises has been improved, which, unlike the existing ones, provides for the possibility of adapting the controlling system following the large-scale goals of the enterprise and using a balanced scorecard. Practical value. Using the proposed approach will provide an opportunity for enterprises to adopt the controlling system to changing goals, control the degree of achievement of the set goals in various areas of activity, decentralize, and promptly eliminate the deviations that have arisen to achieve the set operational and strategic goals.

The Madness of the Gaze: for Hubert Damisch, in every light

Abstract In his seminar “The Eye and the Gaze,” Jacques Lacan is forced to regard the problem of the unconscious through the grid of the Cartesian cogito. In the certainty of “I think, therefore I am,” which expresses the complete transparency of the self to its own apprehension, leaves no space for the ineffability of the unconscious. Lacan sees this proto-enlightenment certainty running through all perceptual mechanisms, as in Paul Valèry's poem “La Jeune Parque,” which declares, “I saw myself seeing myself.” Lacan turns to anamorphosis as a perceptual exception, in which there are two viewing points turned on the same object, neither coinciding with the other, such that classical perspective's fundamental unity of the perceiving subject is alienated from itself—a Spaltung, or split, that enables the unconscious presence of the uncanny and its castrative impression of death.

Daura Al-Lugatu Al-‘Arabiyyah Fī Tafsīri Al-Qur’āni Li Muḥammadin Abū Zahrah: Dirāsatun Fī Zahrati At-Tafāsīri

The significance of Arabic in the interpretation of the Qur'an is noteworthy from both classical and contemporary perspectives. Among contemporary interpreters, Abu Zahrah stands out for his exceptional focus on Arabic in his interpretation. Although Abu Zahrah's approach to language is similar to that of other commentators like al-Zamakhsyari, the results of his interpretation show significant differences. This research aims to examine the role of Arabic in Abu Zahrah's interpretation and how he addresses various linguistic challenges through qualitative descriptive research and content analysis. The findings revealed that Arabic played a highly significant role in Zahrah al-Tafāsīr's interpretation, becoming one of the main pillars. The study explored linguistic themes such as Isytiqāq, Nahw, Ṣarf, al-Ḍamāir, 'Irāb, and Balāgah. Abu Zahrah's method in dealing with linguistic problems includes referencing the Qur'an and sunnah, employing a balanced linguistic approach, making definitive choices, finding middle grounds between diverse opinions, and critiquing views deemed incorrect. Despite evident influence from al-Zamakhsyari, Abu Zahrah remains critical of his ideas. The evidence of Abu Zahrah's proficiency in Arabic is undeniable.

The Characteristics of Four-Tier Diagnostic Test: Classical Test Theory Perspective

The Characteristics of Four-Tier Diagnostic Test: Classical Test Theory Perspective

Asymptotic behavior of the porous elastic system with dual phase lag model: Classical versus second spectrum perspectives

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the energy decay of the thermoelastic porous system. The dual‐phase lag theory is used to model heat transfer. We consider two perspectives: the classical approach and the second spectrum approach. For the classical approach, the well‐posedness is obtained via the semigroup theory and the system is exponentially stable under equal wave speed conditions. On the opposite, we show a polynomial decay. On the other hand, the well‐posedness of the truncated system is obtained via the Faedo Galerkin method, and the system is exponentially stable without any assumptions on the physical parameters.

Exploring Zakatable Wealth from Classical and Contemporary Scholars Perspectives

Nowadays, there are many collective ijtihad by various internationally recognized Islamic organizations as well as individual fatwas of leading contemporary Muslim jurists have been undertaking the process of identifying modern wealth that are compulsory to be zakatable. This is because nowadays, there are many economic activities that are capable of generating higher profit returns and many of them are seen probably higher than those of the traditional zakatable sources. This paper attempts to study the conditions and foundations of zakatability of wealth classically and contemporarily which are made subject to zakat based on the Islamic legal theories and scholars’ perspectives. Then, it explores both classical and contemporary zakatable wealth. To fulfill the objectives, this study will use a qualitative approach with data collection methods documentation. It involves library research to get information from various sources like books, journals, papers work and others and then analyzing them by using inductive and deductive (istiqrai’i) approach. The study found that there are several conditions made by the classical and contemporary jurists on wealth before it is made to be subject to zakat. They have also come out with various approaches like analogy (qiyas), growth (nama’), richness (ghina’) and historical success factor in identifying the basis (dawabit) of zakatable wealth. The findings of this research show that based on ijtihad and fiqhi resolutions of the jurists, zakat accommodates contemporary changes in the concept of wealth and gives opportunity in exploring the expansion of the other zakatable wealth resources in the form of modern assets. As such due to changes of time, these foundations of zakatability will continue to be implemented due to its suitability and significance with the demands of the needs of the Ummah