Class Of Instruments Research Articles

Current changes and strategical directions of modernization of oilfield services market

Relevance. Innovative-technological development of oilfield service business is associated with the need of vertically integrated companies (VINCs) in services, which are largely dependent on fluctuations in demand for hydrocarbon raw materials, so the model of strategic planning of innovative-technological development of oilfield service, taking into account the current realities, will be in wide demand. Purpose of the research – Justification of the need to implement the model of strategic planning in innovation and technological development in oilfield service companies based on the analysis of current problems and trends in the oilfield service market. Main results. The analysis of problems and trends in the oilfield services market proves that the growing demand for hydrocarbons is the key factor determining the market growth and forming the outstripping demand for geological exploration, drilling and geophysical support. Increasing sanctions pressure may reduce the volume of high-tech service operations due to the withdrawal of multinationals from the Russian market, which may lead to stagnation of the oilfield services market and cause risks of lower oil and gas production levels. The pandemic-related drop in oil quotations on world stock exchanges has caused an increase in competition in both the Russian and global oilfield services markets, where two opposite trends have manifested themselves: on the one hand, there is a decline in demand for these services, while on the other – data on the growth of drilling volumes indicate the industry’s development prospects. New technological solutions increase the production efficiency of the oilfield service industry, which requires companies to focus on innovative development and use a model of strategic planning for the introduction of modern technologies together with classical market instruments, which determines the practical significance of the results of this study. Conclusion. The analysis of opportunities, trends and problems of oilfield service market development, as well as strategic priorities of oilfield service companies at the present stage confirms the significance and necessity of introducing innovative technologies to form and maintain competitive advantages in the existing global market. The strategic approach to modelling the development of oilfield service companies allows to increase the sustainability and stability of their development, as well as to reduce the negative impact on the environment in the changing energy landscape.

Classic techniques used in laser microsurgery of chronic diseases of the larynx: a literature review

The topicality of the issue of treating chronic diseases of the larynx is beyond dispute. Given the increased load on the vocal apparatus, no downward trend in disease incidence is observed. The percentage of patient visits to an otorhinolaryngologist with complaints of prolonged changes in voice timbre, vocal fatigue, and difficulties with voice control is 7–12%. Chronic productive formations of the larynx account for up to 55–70% of pathologies in the proliferative upper respiratory disease pattern. If not treated promptly, chronic diseases of the larynx can significantly affect a person’s ability to speak, swallow and breathe normally. Today, various methods for surgical treatment of chronic diseases of the larynx are used: both classical cold instruments and high-energy laser systems. The history of laser medicine dates from the late 1960s and is associated with the introduction of a high-intensity device emitting a photon stream in the infrared range into medical practice. The first carbon dioxide lasers were difficult to use (they were large in size and had complex technical settings), but at the same time they showed high resection and coagulation qualities, and it earned them their popularity. Over 3 thousand new laser devices representing a practical interest for laryngeal surgery have appeared on the medical market for more than 60-year period. Despite the fact that fundamental research demonstrates the positive results of phonosurgery with high-power devices, many otolaryngologists continue be in awe of lasers. The article presents the results of the use of traditional devices in phonosurgery for chronic diseases of the larynx and draws conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of high-power devices.

Machine learning and knowledge engineering for cognitive memory assessment of age groups by anomalies in a serious game

In psychology, clinical instruments are often used for assessing the cognitive domains and detecting mental alterations. Nevertheless, after the screening stage, the recommendation of activities for training or new assessments could take a long time. Other instruments such digital serious games are commonly used to train cognitive domains, unlike classical instruments, can collect extra data on players' behavior without altering a person's state. In the other hand, decision-making tools are based mainly on two techniques, machine learning for revealing hidden data patterns, and knowledge engineering for building knowledge-based systems. However, the synergy among these both techniques is not completely leveraged, otherwise, when it is, this intelligent data analysis allows the creation of hypotheses and validate contradictions. In this context, this paper presents a tool for supporting the cognitive memory assessment of people based on machine learning and knowledge engineering (M&K-CogMem). The source of data is a matching game for memory training, and after that, this tool determines the memory status of players among their respective age groups, it based on the scores and times in the game. In case of detecting a cognitive memory alteration, it recommends activities for memory improvement through its inference engine. Testing its adoption in industry, an empirical evaluation carried out by psychologists through a technology acceptance model showed positive indicators.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, LOYALITAS, DAN KOLABORATIF TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT PLN (PERSERO) UNIT PELAKSANA TRANSMISI PALEMBANG

This study aims to analyze the effect of competence, loyalty, and collaboration on the performance of employees of PT. PLN (Persero) Palembang transmission implementing unit. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis. The research data is in the form of questionnaires with all employees of PT. PLN (Persero) Palembang Transmission implementing unit as many as 183 employees. The analysis technique uses classical assumptions, instrument tests, linear regression, and hypotheses with the SPSS version 25 for windows program. Based on the results of partial research (t test) shows that the competency variable has a significant effect on employee performance, the loyalty variable has a significant effect on employee performance and the collaborative variable has a significant effect on employee performance. The results of the simultaneous study (f test) showed a significant value of 0.000 less than 0.05 meaning that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that competency, loyalty and collaborative influence significantly affect the performance of employees of PT PLN (Persero) Palembang transmission implementing unit.

Synchronous online instrumental music teaching in cross-cultural learning contexts

This scoping review addresses two questions: (1) How can previous research inform approaches to synchronous online instrumental music teaching for cross-cultural learning in the field of Western classical music? and (2) What does the corpus of existing studies suggest about Chinese student experiences with western instrumental pedagogy and synchronous online teaching? Based on a systematic examination of 100+ articles from refereed journals in English across the past two decades, the review reveals cultural differences in autonomy and student-centeredness in classical instrument pedagogy traditions. In China, new pragmatic concepts appear as Confucian-Dewey fusion approaches and a distinctive music pedagogy tradition influenced by Russian and Germanic traditions and Chinese philosophy. The review also found that synchronous online instrumental music teaching can be efficient despite technical issues and latency, and the format may enhance forms of dialogue between students and teachers. The review shows little research on intercultural aspects of synchronous online musical instrument teaching, particularly addressing interaction and communication between students and teachers. Moreover, there is a widespread need for competence development for effectively approaching the diversity of music teaching and learning cultures worldwide in the online learning environment.

The Potential of Detecting Nearby Terrestrial Planets in the HZ with Different Methods

Terrestrial planets in the habitable zone (hereafter HZ) around nearby stars are of great interest and provide a good sample to characterize their habitability. In this paper, we collect a nearby star catalog within 20 pc according to the Gaia Catalog of Nearby Stars, complete the physical parameters of the stars, and select stars that are not brown or white dwarfs. After selection, a sample of 2234 main-sequence stars is used to estimate the extended HZ. Then we inject Earth-like planets into the extended HZ around each star and calculate the signals with four methods, i.e., velocity amplitude for radial velocity, transit probability and depth for transit, stellar displacements for astrometry, and contrast and angular separation for imaging. Considering a typical noise model based on classic instruments, e.g., ESPRESSO, Kepler, Gaia, HabEx, and LIFE, we predict the highest possible detection number of Earth-like planets via different methods in the best-case hypothetical scenario. According to this, we conclude that both astrometry and imaging have the potential to detect nearby Earth-like planets around G-type stars, while radial velocity has the potential to detect 2% of nearby Earth-like planets around M stars with a precision of 0.2 m s−1. Our work also provides the precision requirements for future missions to reveal the nearby Earth-like planet in the HZ.

The system for distributed energy resources testing according to the IEEE 1547-2018 standard

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a new approach to testing distributed energy resources (DERs) in compliance with the IEEE 1547-2018 standard and describes a new, integrated testing and validation system.Design/methodology/approachThe system is built on the virtual instrumentation paradigm, using acquisition modules to measure physical quantities, while signal processing, including intensive calculations of required parameters, data processing, manipulation and reporting are performed on a computing device.FindingsIntensive laboratory measurements were performed on a laboratory prototype of a microgrid that emulates DERs. The results obtained using the system described were compared with the measurements obtained by the reference instruments. As all the results match, the usability of the system was verified.Practical implicationsThis approach to the realization of the testing and validation system has obvious advantages compared to the classical instruments and provides significant flexibility in multiple aspects. First, the system described integrates all the functions of different instruments into one measuring system, making the entire testing and validation process significantly cheaper and faster. Second, the implementation of the system is possible on different computing platforms depending on specific needs. Third, the software implementation of the system functions enables simple upgrading and the introduction of new functions or changes to existing ones according to changes in the standard. Finally, the system described is designed to automatically provide reports on compliance with the standard.Originality/valueThis paper emphasizes the advantages of the proposed approach over classical testing. The value of the paper is reflected in the applicability and practical implications of the proposed and described hardware and software technical solutions.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder and Correlation with Core Endurance, Body Mass Index among Indian Classical Musical Instrument Players

Background and need of study: Commonly all classical musical instruments are played in cross leg position and without back support for prolonged periods. Core is the central part of the body, core muscles have to spare the spine from excessive load, to transfer force from the lower body to the upper body and vice versa. Strong, stable core and normal body mass index helps us to prevent musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore; the present study was conducted to find the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) and correlation with core endurance and body mass index (BMI) in Indian classical musical instrument players. Methodology: Observational, analytical study was conducted on 35 Indian classical musical instrument players. Male and female, age 20-60 years old, with ≥2 years of experience as a classical musical instrument player, practicing instrument for minimum 2 hours/day were included. Participation was voluntary and informed consent was taken. Nordic questionnaire was assessed for the prevalence of MSD. Weight and height assessed by BMI. Core endurance was assessed by McGill’s core endurance test. Each subject was given appropriate rest period between all tests. Outcomes were correlated using Spearman’s correlation of coefficient. Results: The common painful sites of the body were as follows: wrist/hand(91%),low back (89%),neck(71%),upperback(49%),shoulders(49%),knees(31%),elbows(29%),ankles(20%),hips(11%) among musical instrument players. Correlation was found between BMI and trunk flexor test (r=-0.696, p≤0.001), BMI and trunk extensor test (r=-0.658, p≤0.001), BMI and right side bridge test (r=-0.649,p≤0.001,)left side bridge test (r=-0.675,p≤0.001). Conclusion: A relatively high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain amongst Indian classical musical instrument players. There is moderate negative correlation between BMI and core endurance in Indian classical musical instrument players. Ergonomic advices, adapting healthy lifestyle along with overall improvement in their working efficiency, prevent MSD and thus indirectly improve their Quality of Life.

A corrupção na percepção da sociedade brasileira: persistência e resiliência

Political corruption is one of the most severe and complex problems facing new and old democracies. Fundamentally, it involves the abuse of public power for any kind of private benefit, including advantages to governing parties over their opposition. It thus defeats the principle of political equality inherent in democracy, as its protagonists can obtain or maintain power and political benefits disproportionate to what they would achieve through legitimate and forms of political competition. At the same time, it distorts the republican dimension of democracy because it makes public policies result, not from debate and public dispute between different projects, but from behind-the-scenes agreements that favor spurious interests. Despite the efficiency of classical methodological instruments such as opinion polls with structured questionnaires and qualitative research with focus groups, it is still possible to identify biases in the quality of the information collected on corruption. This article aims to address this issue by introducing two survey experiments, one conducted in 2014 and one in 2018. The 2014 survey indicated that there is a substantive difference between the direct question and the experimental question. The level of tolerance for corruption is much higher than the other methodological instruments point out. Comparison with the 2018 experiment allowed the validation and extrapolation of the results found by Moisés and Nunes de Oliveira (2018).

Portable manipulation system for commercial robotic surgery forceps.

Transition from the utilisation of traditional instruments to new robotic methodologies in surgical operations occurs rapidly. Although the implementation of these methodologies to classical surgery operations is advantageous due to increased precisions and enhanced motion capabilities of robotic systems, overall worldwide accessibility and adaptation are still limited due to high equipment costs and special infrastructure requirements. The design of four degrees of freedom low cost, compact and portable manipulation system was proposed to allow the utilisation of commercial robotic surgery forceps like a conventional laparoscopy instrument without the necessity of bulky manipulation systems. The structural design of the system was carried out along with necessary kinematic and coupled motion analysis. Prototypes were constructed. Hardware verification of the system was executed using implemented control methodology. The proposed design successfully demonstrated the advantages of multi degree of freedom robotic surgery forceps in a portable handheld system compared to classical laparoscopy instruments.

Spatial Planning Response to the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation: An Analysis of Selected Instruments and Good Practices in Europe

The task of combining objectives, spatial planning instruments, and climate change adaptation targets is a complex endeavour that varies across countries. There is a call for a universal discussion on how spatial planning should respond to climate change challenges. To address this issue, this article delves into the approaches taken by Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Poland, aiming to explore how spatial planning instruments support climate change adaptation goals. The authors, based on a jointly extracted questionnaire, identified what they consider to be the most relevant examples of instruments to use to ensure the integration of spatial planning objectives and the response to climate challenges. The identified solutions are compared in detail. Three key spatial planning themes emerged in this study: investment in renewable energy, the development and preservation of green infrastructure, and the protection of coastal zones. This article examines the systemic solutions found in these countries, discusses the role of both classical and sectoral spatial planning instruments, and identifies the level of public authority responsible for key interventions. It shows that instruments developed at the supra-local level should support local authorities by providing them with legal and substantive arguments for developing solutions relevant to climate challenges.

Animating historical resource geographies: Encountering the guitar's North American material traces

This article seeks to animate historical resource geographies by uncovering unforeseen material lineages and foregrounding the lived experiences of otherwise unremembered resource workers. We revisit research on the historical resource geographies of the guitar, adapting what McGeachan (2018) calls ‘the trace’ to connect material archival fragments with visceral, ethnographic encounters in multiple sites, in the present. Unlike classical instruments with extensive documentation, the guitar's historical resource geographies remain opaque, being mass manufactured since the 1800s from commercial timbers with vague provenance. Here, we trace one guitar wood, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) — the most common for soundboards — from a chance discovery in a Pennsylvania factory archive to the Pacific Northwest to confirm colonial, industrial, and military origins. Sitka's material traces also facilitated impromptu ethnographic encounters, including opportunities to meet surviving ex-workers in Hoquiam, Washington state, who, many decades ago, milled wood for musical instruments. Following the trace in multiple, unexpected directions enabled us to sense the working lives of ex-timber workers while confronting environmental legacies, bearing witness to the people, places, and trees behind the guitar. Our research validates feminist and anticolonial methodological approaches that, while tracing material fragments in time and space, encounter the world viscerally. Resulting empirical explanations are richer, open to emotional ambivalence and ongoing dialogue.

MoMusic: A Motion-Driven Human-AI Collaborative Music Composition and Performing System

The significant development of artificial neural network architectures has facilitated the increasing adoption of automated music composition models over the past few years. However, most existing systems feature algorithmic generative structures based on hard code and predefined rules, generally excluding interactive or improvised behaviors. We propose a motion based music system, MoMusic, as a AI real time music generation system. MoMusic features a partially randomized harmonic sequencing model based on a probabilistic analysis of tonal chord progressions, mathematically abstracted through musical set theory. This model is presented against a dual dimension grid that produces resulting sounds through a posture recognition mechanism. A camera captures the users' fingers' movement and trajectories, creating coherent, partially improvised harmonic progressions. MoMusic integrates several timbrical registers, from traditional classical instruments such as the piano to a new ''human voice instrument'' created using a voice conversion technique. Our research demonstrates MoMusic's interactiveness, ability to inspire musicians, and ability to generate coherent musical material with various timbrical registers. MoMusic's capabilities could be easily expanded to incorporate different forms of posture controlled timbrical transformation, rhythmic transformation, dynamic transformation, or even digital sound processing techniques.

Ways of Using Phasor Measurements in Power System State Estimation

A review of publications on using data from phasor measurement units (PMU) in electric grid state estimation (SE) algorithms is presented. Ways of including phasor measurement data in the SE problem formulation are considered based on the weighted least squares method. The advantages and drawbacks of each of the presented approaches are analyzed. Much attention is paid to the prospects of simultaneously estimating telemetric information and PMU data, and performing SE based solely on the PMU data. The computational difficulties and other obstacles that arise in using phasor measurements in performing SE are analyzed, and various ways of solving existing problems in this field are presented. It is pointed out that the accuracy of data obtained from PMU devices differs essentially from that of data obtained from classic measurement instruments. This circumstance imposes certain specific features on selecting the weighting factors for phasor measurement data in solving the SE problem. The existing approaches to determining the weighting factors for phasor measurement data, in particular, by calculating them based on available statistical data, are reviewed.

Study of The Violin Book for The Development of Beginner Level Violin Teaching Materials Based on National Song

The violin is proven to be able to build the positive character of a nation. Venezuela's experience with its program, El Sistema, where the violin instrument is learned by the wider community, has had a positive impact in terms of social and economic aspects, including a sense of empathy, cooperation, self-confidence and can help increase awareness of national identity. In Indonesia, the violin is known as a western classical musical instrument. This assumption is supported by the rise of violin course institutions that use eurocentric teaching materials. Learning from Venezuela's experience, an effort is needed to develop violin teaching materials that offer material related to Indonesian National songs, as an effort to build national character. As a first step, a review of beginner level violin books with high credibility will be carried out. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of beginner level violin teaching materials. The research method used is analytical descriptive. This process is expected to produce the basics that need to be considered in the process of developing teaching materials, especially teaching materials for violin musical instruments. The researcher hopes to be able to inspire researchers who are developing music teaching materials through a content analysis process carried out by researchers to produce teaching materials with international standards.

General patterns of existence of the accordion in the 20th century

Statement of the problem. Today the process of integrating the accordion into various types of musical practice continues to be in almost all countries of the world. The general course of the evolution of accordion performance, despite all attempts to limit it to pop music or house hold music, undoubtedly indicates a gradual but natural “ascension” of the accordion to the heights of academic music. According to this thesis, the purpose of the article is an attempt to offer a generalized description of the socio-cultural situation that led to the formation of the academic field of accordion performance. The results and conclusions. The keyboard accordion appeared en masse in all European countries almost at the same time – in the 20s and early 30s of the 20th century. The instrument quickly attracted attention of performers who switch from piano or various types of the hand harmonicas to the new instrument. A specific point in the development of accordion performance, in our opinion, is the fact that the instrument does not become a house hold immediately, as it happened with its predecessors – hand harmonicas, but only after a period of stage being in the hands of professional performers (variety shows, music in restaurants and dance halls). The recognition of the accordion as a “serious” instrument is evidenced by a number of certain phenomena: the appearance of this instrument in special secondary and higher educational institutions, a significant number of concert accordionists whose program includes mainly classical transcriptions and original works, and also the appearance of a number of records. The development of original repertoire for the accordion was the most rapid in Germany, not only because of its wide spread use in this country, but also because it was here that professional composers first turned to the creation of special literature. After the Second World War, the accordion gradually secured the dual status of a pop and academic instrument, and its pop component seemed to split, as one part of the repertoire passed into the stratum of house hold music, and the other, more high quality, acquired the features of academicism. Overtime, the instrument demonstrated the tendency to leave the concert stage. On the other hand, the undeniable growth of the performers’ professionalism, the further improvement of technical and constructive characteristics, the active development of the repertoire, the constantly increasing level of technique, the appearance of the accordion in modern chamber music, etc., speak of the reverse process – the process of active integration of the accordion into the sphere of professional classical instruments. Thus, in our opinion, the development trends that are clearly evident today in the repertoire of accordionists indicate that the keyboard accordion, even if it is not as large-scale as the button one, is still quite firmly established on the academic scene.

Extreme mechanical tunability in suspended MoS2 resonator controlled by Joule heating

Nanomechanical resonators are built into phones, as filters or accelerometers, but they lack a knob to effectively tune the frequency at the nanoscale when it’s easy to tune on an octave the tone of a classical musical instrument like a guitar string. Moreover, the control of deformation in nanomaterials, as two-dimensional (2D) materials, to tailor their electronic properties, i.e., straintronic, opens up avenues for applications in force detection, bolometry or quantum emitters. An accurate control of the deformation within these materials is thus necessary to fully exploit their potential. The precise study of deformations in 2D materials involves measurements of vibration modes and nanomechanics. By using a suspended MoS2 membrane heated by the Joule effect, we induce a strong softening of the mechanical resonance frequency as a function of the electrothermal heating, over one octave. A simple electrical tension is used to modulate the thermal mechanical tuning. Its amplitude is very large, greater than 100% modulation for one volt, compared to other approaches on 2D or 1D materials and, moreover, a very wide frequency range is accessible. Finally, we have related a photo-induced softening of the membrane over very long times with the current measurements and a photothermal effect.

Application of Machine Learning Technology in Classical Music Education

The goal is to promote the healthy and stable development of music education in China. The time-frequency sequence topology in frequency domain can improve the effect of convolution operation. Therefore, this paper applies the above algorithms to classical music education, including the recognition of classical instruments, the feature extraction and recognition of classical music, and the quality evaluation of classical music education. The quality of the music quality evaluation system can be judged according to the correlation between the output results and the subjective evaluation. The higher the correlation, the better the music quality evaluation method. Through relevant experiments, it is proved that DTW score alignment and end-to-end are more successful in extracting the features of classical music, and more accurate in identifying classical instruments. The objective evaluation method of pronunciation teaching quality is more objective and accurate than P.563 music teaching quality evaluation.

Regulation of Partner Financing: a Legal Experiment and its Participants

The article discusses the regulation for new type of financial operations — partner financing (Islamic banking), and for the organizations providing such operations. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the experimental legal regime (ELR) and the prospects for the future widespread implementation of appropriate regulation. Under ELR such operations can be carried out by both financial and non-financial companies. The legal requirements are compliance with the rules established by law, inclusion in the special register of the Bank of Russia and supervision by the regulator. One of the basic principles of Islamic finance is the risk sharing between investor and financial institution. For this reason, classical contractual interestbearing instruments (loans, credits and deposits) are unsuitable to impose the obligations on them. The novelty factor for the Russian financial market of partner, non-interest-bearing financial products (services) makes them potentially less understandable for investors and regulators in matters of pricing, valuation, and asset quality.

Cutoff scores for the "Interest game", an application for the assessment of diminished interest in neurocognitive disorders.

Diminished interest is a core feature of apathy that shows high prevalence in people with Mild and Major Neurocognitive disorders (NCD). In the clinical setting, apathy is mainly assessed using clinical scales and questionnaires, but new technologies are starting to be employed to complement classical instruments. Here, we explored the performance of the "Interest game," a ludic application that assesses personal interests, in discriminating between persons with and without diminished interest based on the Apathy Diagnostic Criteria. Two hundred and twenty-seven elderly participants (56 healthy controls, 118 persons with mild-NCD, and 53 with major-NCD) completed the Interest game and were assessed by clinicians concerning the presence and the severity of apathy. Results showed that the application scores varied with the presence of apathy, the type of disorder, and the education level. Cutoff scores calculated for persons with Mild-NCD resulted in a sensitivity of 0.68 and a specificity of 0.65 for the main score index, suggesting the interest of employing this application in the clinical setting to complement the classical assessment.