Class Of Instruments Research Articles

Classical Guitar Learning At Gracia Music Course Kediri

This study aims to describe the background of Gracia Music Course, the classical guitar learning process conducted, the teaching methods applied by the instructor, and the assessment system in place. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with the object of the study being classical guitar learning at Gracia Music Course, specifically grade 2 attended by Garvin with instructor Paulus Rudy. The research was conducted at Perumahan Puri Indah Blok A No. 01, Pare, Kediri. Primary data sources were obtained from the founder and instructor, while secondary data included documents and digital references. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion techniques. The results show that Gracia Music Course was established to provide quality music education with a focus on classical instruments. The learning process is systematically and structurally designed, encompassing preliminary, core, and closing stages. The teaching methods include lectures, demonstrations, Q&A sessions, and drills. Evaluation is conducted on a micro scale at each meeting and on a macro scale every two months through grade advancement exams. The assessment system covers cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects to ensure students' mastery of the material.

Pengaruh Pemahaman Kode Etik Akuntan, Kecerdasan Spiritual Dan Kecintaan Pada Uang Terhadap Persepsi Mahasiswa Akuntansi Mengenai Perilaku Etis Akuntan

his research aims to test the understanding of the accountant's code of ethics, spiritual intelligence, love of money on the ethical perceptions of accounting students regarding the ethical perceptions of accountants. The population was Stiem Bongaya accounting students class 2020, 2021 and 2022. The sampling technique used was Purposive Sampling. Thus, the number of samples used in this research was 175 accounting students. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of the questionnaire data have been tested with classical instruments and assumptions in the form of normality, heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity assumptions. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression techniques. The results of this research show that understanding the professional code of ethics for accountants has a positive effect, while spiritual intelligence and love of money have a negative effect on students' ethical behavior.

Heat Therapy: Concept, Mechanism and Application in Unani Medicine

Background: Application of heat either generalised or localised is among various means employed in Unani medicine for promoting health, preventing as well as treating diseases. The concept of hotness (Ḥarārat) and application of physical heat have been in vogue during different periods of human civilization and it exists even today with certain modifications. Heating Modalities: Unani medicine offers various methods for the application of mild to moderate heat that includes Turkish bath (Ḥammām), massage (Dalk), cupping (Ḥijāma), sitz bath (Ābzan), inducing diaphoresis (Ta‘rīq), douche (Naṭūl), vapour bath (Inkibāb) and footbath (Pāshoya). Application of Heat: Heating modalities are commonly used by Unani physicians for relieving pain and stiffness, relaxing muscles, increasing blood circulation, liquefying the sticky and adherent humours lodged in the peripheral tissues and reducing inflammation. Application of severe heat also finds a place among various modes of treatment mentioned in Unani medicine. Cauterisation (Kayy) is the mode that is employed for the stoppage of bleeding, removing putrefactive matter and destroying lesions. Conclusion: Unani medicine offers classical methods and instruments for heat therapy used for centuries for the promotion of health, prevention and management of diseases. Heat therapy has been found considerably effective in managing certain health problems and diseases.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Female Sexual Function Index-6 (FSFI-6) Bangla version.

The 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) is the shortened version of the widely used 19-item FSFI-19, designed for efficient screening of female sexual dysfunction in outpatient settings. However, this shorter FSFI-6 tool has not yet been validated for use in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to culturally adapt and validate the FSFI-6 in Bangla. The FSFI-6 was translated into Bangla using standard adaptation protocols. We interviewed 100 married, sexually active women aged 18 years and over from the outpatient and psychiatric sex clinic of a psychiatry department. Of these women, 50 were clinically diagnosed with sexual disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, criteria. After obtaining written informed consent, participants completed a semi-structured questionnaire to provide sociodemographic information and the Bangla-adapted version of the FSFI-6. We assessed reliability and construct validity using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25, along with Classical and Bayesian Instrument Development software. Study outcomes were internal consistency, factor structure, and sensitivity and specificity. The study involved 100 participants with a mean ± SD age of 30 ± 5.4years, ranging from 18 to 48years. The majority of respondents (54.34%) reported issues related to sexual desire. The overall mean score on the Bangla-adapted FSFI-6 was 18.4 ± 5.4. Reliability analysis showed a high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.887 indicating robust reliability. Both inter-item correlations and item-total correlations were within the acceptable range. A cutoff value of 19 for the FSFI-6 demonstrated high discriminative power, effectively distinguishing between individuals with sexual disorders and those without sexual disorders or with other psychiatric conditions. The sensitivity at this cutoff was 96%, with a specificity of 100%. The FSFI-6 Bangla version can be used to screen patients for female sexual dysfunction in an outpatient setting. The internal consistency of this study, indicated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.887, was robust. The instrument is time efficient, user friendly, and well suited for outpatient settings. However, the sampling technique utilized was nonrandomized, confined to a single institution, and did not incorporate assessments for concurrent validity or test-retest reliability. The FSFI-6 Bangla version showed good reliability and validity in this study, supporting its usability as a valuable tool for screening sexual dysfunction in female.

Music-making in microgravity: across the first 63 years (1961-2024) of spaceflight. Academy transaction note

Musical expression is a characteristic of humanity on Earth. This paper highlights the historical relationship between music and spaceflight, including its use in the representation of space, and its role in space culture. The paper documents circa 57 musical instruments: from a miniaturized harmonica to a 1.5 m Digeridoo that are known to have been taken into space – usually as part of a crew members personal allowance. Due to mass and volume restrictions numerous classical and ethnographic instruments have been ‘spaceflight-adapted’, in addition to the use of digital technologies for personal musical pleasure and public relations. Furthermore, it charts how access to personalised music playlists and shared musical experiences have been deemed to be vital by crew, promoting individual wellbeing including a connection to home, to each other and playing a part in the marking of success, and tragedy. The value of music making in space is briefly described leading to the proposition that as humanity ventures with greater regularity to Low Earth Orbit and beyond, consideration of how music can be effectively utilised to support individual and crew wellbeing, whilst contributing to the cannon of human artistic expression is warranted.

A Third Directive on Consumer Credit

Abstract The recently adopted Consumer Credit Directive incorporates new forms of credit and uses classic consumer protection instruments as well as introducing measures that increase control over lenders with the aim of preventing over-indebtedness. In general, more burdens are imposed on lenders and certain commercial practices are banned or restricted in all Member States. Moreover, the Directive is characterised by the fact that it includes consumer data protection and specifies a consumers’ right not to be discriminated against, which may have some overlap with the General Data Protection Regulation and the on-going development of EU artificial intelligence legislation.

Narrative strategies in action – text, form, and context

The major changes in the global security environment that took place at the end of the last millennium continue to deeply mark the first quarter of the 21st century, characterized by substantial changes in the classical instruments used in conducting a conflict. Also, the transformation of the informational environment has led to the emergence, development, adaptation, and contextualization of the use of strategic narratives with the aim of influencing people’s perceptions of the actions of power states and producing effects in the sense desired by them.The purpose of this article is to subject strategic narratives to attention, as part of contemporary hybrid confrontations, aiming to bring a better understanding of this subject, observing how they are used and with what effects, depending on the form in which they appear.Moreover, the article proposes a multilevel conceptual delimitation, approaching strategic narratives from the perspectives of text, context, and form, as highlighted in the most recent research in the specialized field.We will also consider their use in an allied context, with reference to working documents that NATO uses in strategic communication to influence target groups and audiences, both internal and external

Music Tone Synthesis based Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network optimized with Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm

Music Tone Synthesis is an applied science or method that implies to identify and study of specific orchestral tone currently part of a music. It is especially effective in the area of oral music training system classes, somewhere be able to support in the practice and growth of musicians. Music Tone Synthesis provides singer and writer to produce large number of noises as well as imitate several tools and impact it cannot be flexible otherwise realistic for create over standard classical instrument. In this manuscript, Music Tone Synthesis based Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network enhanced with artificial hummingbird Optimization algorithm (MTS-AIDINN-AHOA) is proposed. The input data are obtained from the audio signal. Then the data are pre-processing using Stein Particle Filtering (SPF) to remove the noise. The pre-processed data is given into the Two-sided Offset Quaternion Linear Canonical transform (TSOQLCT) for extracting the musical features such as melody, harmony, tempo, and dynamics. After this the extracted feature is provided to the Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network (AIDINN) is used for the music tone synthesis and it is classified as pitch, chronaxie, volume, tone color. In general, the Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network (AIDINN) does no express adapting optimization strategies to determine ideal parameters to assure precise prediction. Thus, it is proposed to utilize the Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm enhancement AIDINN for Music Tone Synthesis. The proposed MTS-AIDINN-AHOA method is implemented on MATLAB. Then performance of proposed technique is evaluated to other existing techniques. The proposed technique attains 26.36%, 20.69% and 35.29% higher accuracy, 19.23%, 23.56%, and 33.96% higher precision, 26.28%, 31.26%, and 19.66%higher recall, 28.96%, 33.21% and 23.89%higher specificity comparing with the existing methods such as a research on Musical Tone Recognition Method Based on Improved RNN for Vocal Music Teaching Network Courses (MTS-RNN), Music Timbre Extracted from Audio Signal Features (MTS-BPNN)and Feature Extraction and Categorization of Music Content Based on Deep Learning(MTS-SMNN) respectively.

Informal Concentration of Powers in Illiberal Constitutionalism: The Case of Hungary

Classic and new concepts of the separation of powers doctrine focus on the control of central political power. Institutional checks and balances are classic legal instruments of this control, especially the activity of independent state organs. In those countries where the political system is dominated by a populist government, the institutional checks and balances and independent institutions are under constant pressure. In a consolidated political system that has already departed from liberal constitutionalism and where constitutional institutions do function only in a formal sense (illiberal constitutionalism), institutional checks and balances lose their significance. However, in addition to the exercise of powers by independent branches of government, other legal institutions or actions can also have a significant impact on relations between branches of government, even informally. Therefore, the system of checks and balances can be described as a multi-layered structure with formal (classical) and informal elements. The article analyses in detail, how the use of informal constitutional amendments and national referendums—as additional institutions belonging to the complex system of separation of powers—instead of controlling the central political power, has contributed to the informal concentration of government power in Hungary in recent years.

Tax Instalment Plans: A Legal Instrument of Financial Sustainability in a Crisis

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic as well as the war in Ukraine represent the biggest hit to the Czech economy since the Great Recession. In the Czech Republic, several tax measures are being used to help economic entities overcome the current crisis and keep their businesses running. One of them is the tax instalment plan. This article aims to identify why the tax instalment plan could be an appropriate fiscal measure in times of economic crisis. The author presents a classical legal instrument in the tax area – the tax instalment plan – and analyses it from an innovative point of view rather than the usual perspective, that is, from the macroeconomic point of view. The article analyses the legal conditions for the use of this instrument in the Czech Republic, points out the difficulties of interpretation in practice and evaluates it in the context of the theoretical background of desirable fiscal crisis measures. The conclusions of the research confirm the hypothesis that this legal instrument is an effective and used tool for facilitating the sustainability of private and public finances in times of crisis. It combines the desirable aspects of both automatic stabilisers and discretionary measures.

Setting S&T perspective priorities in an era of complexity and uncertainty: a case for megacities

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to create a methodological approach for identifying priority areas for science and technology (S&T) development and its empirical application within the city of Moscow. This research uncovers a wide range of multicultural and multidisciplinary global trends that will affect the development of major cities in an era of complexity and uncertainty, including the inherent complexity of urban contexts, demographic and socioeconomic trends, as well as scientific and ecological factors.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach is based on classic foresight instruments. Its novelty lays in the blending of qualitative and quantitative methods specially selected as the most appropriate for the identification of S&T areas in an era of complexity and uncertainty, including horizon scanning, bibliometric analysis, expert surveys and the construction of composite indexes with respect to the scope and resources of the research and the selected object for empirical application – Moscow, which is one of the world’s largest megacities. The analysis was performed for the period of 2009–2018 and expert procedures took place in 2019.FindingsAs a result, 25 global trends were identified, evaluated and discussed over the course of an expert survey and subsequent expert events. Ten priority areas of S&T development were determined, including 62 technological sub-areas within them and the most important market niches for all identified technological sub-areas, which could be useful for the world’s megacities. The results of this study are illustrated using the construction sector. Based on the conducted research and results, a list of recommendations on S&T policy measures and instruments were suggested, including the creation of the Moscow Innovation Cluster, which by the end of 2023 contained more than 6,000 projects and initiatives, selected using the findings of this investigation.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing literature and research agenda of setting priorities for S&T development and shows how it can be done for a megacity. The blended foresight methodology that was created within the study satisfies the criteria of scientific originality, is repeatable for any interested researcher, is applicable to any other city in the world and demonstrates its high efficiency in empirical application. It could be used for creating new agenda items in S&T policy, setting S&T priorities for a megacity and integrating the results into decision-making processes. This study provides recommendations on the further implementation of the designed methodology and results into a policymaking system. Moreover, the example of the Moscow Innovation Cluster, which was created based on the results of our research, demonstrates these recommendations’ practical significance in real life, which is quite valuable. The limitation of this study is that it is not devoted to urban planning issues directly or the promotion of R&D areas; it is about setting promising S&T priorities in an era of complexity and uncertainty for megacities.

Artificial Life from Talos to Qubit

In this work, we try to cast some light on mankind’s aim to develop artificial life and make it a commercially viable product. We start from ancient Jewish and Greek methodologies, then sample handmade instruments. We present different Middle Ages’ activities in this respect to mimic real life. Viewpoints and various human efforts to create life during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as Conway’s digital game of life, will be discussed. Furthermore, we give an explanation as to why classical instruments cannot produce actual artificial life. Finally, we consider qubits and quantum computers and the latest achievements in creating life in these computers. This can highlight and link to some important aspects of life, such as Darwinian evolution.

Rights of Nature? Shifting Patterns in Environmental Constitutionalism1

Abstract The article outlines improvements in environment and climate protection in constitutional law and practice all over the world, examining constitutional texts, case law and constitution-like legislation. A legal standing of individuals to defend the environment is increasingly added to programmatic provisions addressed to public authorities. In some cases Nature is granted legal personality. The latter innovation connects well to traditions established in the global South, where it was introduced first, but not so to legal systems of the Occident, where it was recently introduced for the first time. In strictly legal terms the effects of this innovation can also be achieved by classical legal instruments, while its metaphoric dimension promises a change in people’s attitudes towards nature. A second innovation concerns the shift from an anthropocentric to a bio-cultural or ecocentric approach. This would render constitutional law on the environment fully effective and convey a substantive meaning to a personalised concept of Nature. Such a development is, however, uncertain. The rights of Nature risk remaining trapped in anthropocentric categories of subject and object of law when transposed to Occidental legal thinking and practice. To avoid such inadvertent contradictions, the article pleads for reconciling both approaches by seeking more equilibrium in the Human-Nature relationship.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Mardala, Mridangam, and Pakhawaj in Traditional Indian Music

This comprehensive study delves into the intricate world of three classical percussion instruments - Mardala, Mridangam, and Pakhawaj - highlighting their historical significance, structural complexities, tuning systems, and playing techniques. By conducting a thorough comparative analysis, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of these instruments' cultural heritage and musical contributions within the realm of Indian classical music.

Assessing the Linguistic Creativity Domain of Last-Year Compulsory Secondary School Students

The importance of creativity in the training of people gained special relevance with the PISA Tests of the OECD, which, for the first time, evaluated the general creativity of 15-year-old students in 2022. This descriptive and quantitative study focuses on the evaluation of linguistic creativity, using different classical instruments to measure divergent thinking and adding new ones, such as metaphorical capacity. Participants were 454 students in their last year of secondary education from eight Spanish educational centers. Results indicate moderate performance in divergent thinking tasks, with students exhibiting limitations in generating novel metaphors, often resorting to literal responses. Statistically significant differences according to gender were found in metaphor generation and in the alternate uses task. A correlation study reveals significant associations between metaphor generation and divergent thinking tasks. These highlight the differential role of semantic memory and cognitive processes involved in metaphor generation and divergent thinking. Finally, this study underlines the complexities and multicomponent nature of creativity as a first step to develop educational policies and interventions targeting creativity. Overall, the importance of addressing creativity in a transdisciplinary way and training teachers on techniques to channel creativity are highlighted, such as through the design of challenges or writing workshops.

The banning of political parties in post-Yugoslav states. Croatian and Serbian experience in using militant democracy

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of a classical militant democracy instrument, as banning of extremist parties since the beginning of the political transition in 1990s in post-Yugoslav states. Comparative studies are based on Croatian and Serbian experiences, when since political transition new types of political regimes started developing as part of a boom for national parties that could guarantee consolidation of the state. The methods employed for the analysis are the qualitative analysis of sources. Corpus of sources includes national legislation, official documents, NGOs’ reports, and media content related to banning political entities. Conclusions from the study provide knowledge fill the gap in the state of art about circumstances for dissolving anti-democratic entities in the post-Yugoslav states. Moreover, they allow to verify relevant approaches and models of anti-democratic organizations, encompassing the specific types of political culture in Croatia and Serbia.

FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF A MAGNET FOR THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE FIRE FRAGMENT WOUNDS OF THE THIGH AND BUTTOCKS. CLINICAL CASE

Introduction. Before the start of hostilities in Ukraine, the use of surgical magnetic instruments for the removal of ferromagnetic foreign bodies in everyday surgical practice was quite limited. The use of magnetic instruments provides, first of all, the possibility of control and safety of inflicting additional injuries during surgical operations. Materials and methods. The actual clinical observation and the complexity of the case of using a surgical magnet during the removal of a metal fragment due to a gunshot wound to the hip and buttock are demonstrated. Results. The primary surgical treatment of an open gunshot wound of the thigh and buttock with the presence of a foreign body on the radiograph of the pelvis in the direct and lateral projection near the lesser trochanter of the femur 5 hours after the injury with the use of surgical magnetic and classical surgical instruments (Billroth clamp) was performed on a 50-year-old patient. The small size of the wound entrance limited the ability to maneuver the instrument in the wound. And the deep immersion of the fragment in the soft tissues of the buttock made visualization and its palpation impossible. A significant risk of damage to large vessels and nerves during maneuvering is determined by the exact location of the fragment, the density of the metal, and the difficulty of its capture and fixation with a surgical instrument, due to the fragment sliding and catching on the femur. Conclusions. In complex cases, classic surgical instruments can be used along with magnetic instruments. Preoperative diagnosis of a foreign body should include X-ray examination if it is impossible to visualize and palpate the fragments. The use of surgical magnetic instruments expands the possibility of performing primary surgical treatment of wounds, reduces the traumatic nature of the operation and the terms of inpatient treatment and rehabilitation.

영화 “하울의 움직이는 성”에 등장한 라이트모티프의 활용에 대한 음악적 어법 분석

The soundtrack in the movie is closely related to the movie's universe, especially the characters. This study examined the leitmotif of Studio Ghibli's “Howl's Moving Castle” and analyzed how the leitmotif related to the narrative of the film are used throughout the film. Sophie, the maini character, is cursed from an ordinary 18-year-old girl and instantly transforms into a 90-year-old grandmother. Hisaishi Joe accepts the director's order to make music consistent so that movie audiences can feel the same as Sophie, breaking the idea that the main theme should not exceed one-third of the total movie music, and actively utilizes the leitmotif in the movies frequently. As a result, in “Howl's Moving Castle”, the main theme appears in 18 out of 33 songs. By analyzing how the leitmotif related to characters in video works with narratives are used, it is hoped that in addition to orchestra-based classical instruments, the leitmotif using various sounds, including electronic instruments and ambiance sounds, can be used more diversely in various video media.

Investments: classic instruments of the stock exchange or cryptocurrency

The article is devoted to regular analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various investment tools, namely investing in classic securities of the world stock market or in cryptocurrencies on different platforms. Note that there is very little research on the chosen topic in the Ukrainian scientific environment, and the need for them is growing every day, since practical actions must be based on a theoretical basis. Technological progress is constantly accelerating, currently most of the world's money is concentrated in electronic accounts and wallets. The purpose of scientific work is to analyze the risks and opportunities caused by the chosen direction of investment. The issue of centralization of capital investments on stock markets and cryptocurrency exchanges is considered. The history of the creation of centralized stock markets and decentralized crypto-platforms is traced. The article analyzes the dynamics of growth of the total amount of shares on the New York Stock Exchange and the dynamics of growth and decline of the price of one bitcoin in recent years. The article also analyzes the changes in the Ukrainian stock exchange over the past three years and explains how the situation has developed in the world and separately in the country affects investment and the state of the main joint-stock companies of Ukraine. The actions that led to the stabilization of the stock exchange after the full-scale invasion of Russia and COVID-19 are considered. The study compared two major currency exchanges: the US New York Stock Exchange and the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. It is also indicated how the world's largest stock and cryptocurrency markets reacted to the state of war in Ukraine and ways to help fight against the aggressor country. The largest fraudulent cyber-thefts on the world's cryptocurrency exchanges are analyzed and the amounts of lost funds in millions of US dollars and in the same crypto-coins that were stolen are indicated. Unlike cryptocurrency exchanges, the article describes that stock exchanges have not been robbed of millions of dollars. A SWOT analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, threats and opportunities of investing in instruments of classic stock exchanges and crypto-platforms was carried out. Comparing all the above-mentioned aspects, conclusions were drawn regarding the reliability of the respective exchange and the investment of monetary units of the subjects in the appropriate direction.

Evolution of the “digital sovereignty” concept in the EU: constants and dichotomies

The EU has recently actively discussed the concept of ‘digital (technological) sovereignty’. The goal of this article is to identify key trends in the EU’s discourse on digital sovereignty and to determine how the EU has evolved as an actor. Theoretically the article is based on critical geopolitics. A discourse analysis of the EU’s documents and speeches of its representatives was made. The analysis has demonstrated three constants which include the emphasis on values, development of the internal market and leadership aspirations. The study also identified five dichotomies: naivety - geopolitics, interdependence - dependence, openness - closeness / protectionism, market / competition - state intervention, sovereignty through rules - sovereignty through material production. It has been revealed how the EU tries to reconcile its classical power instruments (emphasis on interdependence, cooperation, universal promotion of values and norms) and greater autonomy, demanded by its perception of today’s world. Although the texts remain ambiguous, the Westphalian sovereignty dominates. It means the EU’s refusal to promote the universal values and norms, harsher order-drawing, further consolidation of its internal space, narrowing of cooperation to like-minded countries. The EU thus departs from the classical elements of its power and influence in the world. This trend is very strong in the digital sphere but is not limited to the latter.