Class Of Games Research Articles

Development of a 3X3 Basketball Training Program Based on the Game Analysis

Background and Aim: The classic game of five-a-side basketball, which was first introduced as an official competition at the 32nd Olympic Games, gave rise to the new sport of 3x3 basketball. At the 32nd Olympic Games, China's women's 3x3 basketball team made history by winning the bronze medal and demonstrating exceptional competitiveness. The world's top teams still differ from one another, though. In addition, 3x3 basketball will become more well-known and appreciated in China. As much as we should celebrate the outcome, we also need to get ready for the Chinese team's next matchup against the best teams in the world. This article's primary research objective is to develop a three-woman basketball training regimen based on the analysis's findings. The research objectives are: 1) To study the results of the analysis of techniques, tactics, and quality of three women's basketball teams. of China in the 32nd Olympic Games. 2) To create a basketball training design based on the analysis results.3) To find the effectiveness of a 3-players basketball training plan created from the results of the game analysis Materials and Methods: This study adopts literature research, investigation, data analysis, logic analysis, and experiment methods. The sample included Chinese basketball players and 32 athletes from seven countries, including Romania, Russia, Italy, Japan, the United States, Mongolia, and France. In the experiment, 15 women's basketball athletes from Zhaoqing College were randomly selected for targeted training, and comprehensive tests were carried out before and after training to evaluate the effectiveness of the training plan. Result: The research results found that 1) Obtain a 3-person basketball training exercise from the game analysis results. 2) Obtain an effective 3-person basketball practice according to the set criteria of 80/80 with an efficiency of 85.75/95.75. It shows that this training plan is very effective for improving the performance of athletes. Conclusion: The 3X3 basketball training method based on the analysis of the game data is very effective for improving the level and performance of the athletes.

Komparasi Visual Karakter Hero Video Game Mobile Legends dan Arena of Valor

Video games have become a medium of entertainment that is needed by almost everyone. One of the most popular categories of online video games today is MOBA. Mobile Legends and Arena of Valor are examples of the most played MOBA games. These two games are similar in the visual aspect of their hero characters because they are inspired by predecessor characters such as legendary figures, mythological creatures, or even inspired by categories of creatures on earth which are then combined with humans. Mobile Legends has 4 hero characters that are visually similar to Arena of Valor. This makes both games modify, add, or even change the visual elements of each hero to avoid plagiarism. The modification of these heroes makes each character have its own impression/value. Analysis of visual elements is carried out by comparing the visuals of heroes from two games that are similar using matrix system theory so that the impression/value created by each visual can be found. The results of the visual analysis of the heroes of the two games that have been compared will determine which visual character is more suited to the impression presented.

PEOPLE'S AGGRESSIVE REACTIONS WHEN THEY BECOME FRUSTRATED BECAUSE OF VIDEO GAMES

Video games exist in a wide variety of formats and subcategories, and they can affect people differently. Although many researchers have focused on how players' aggression levels are affected by the video game experience, very few researchers have studied what kind of aggressive reactions are given by gamers. The People-Game- model explains how video game playing affects well-being, drawing attention to key factors such as affected player characteristics, game mechanics, and gaming experience. This study aims to identify the aggressiveness level and aggressive reaction categories, and what people do when they become frustrated because of games. To achieve this goal, qualitative methodology used to gather information. The electronic survey applied in the field research with open ended short questions. Narratives used in aggressive reaction categorization. While devices, weekly playing hours, game categories, competition, and violence levels were asked with closed-ended questions, the type of aggressive reactions was asked with one open-ended short question. 49% of the 136 people who participated in the research declared that they reacted aggressively while playing video games. It was determined that these reactions were most intense in the categories of verbal, followed by physical, third by anger and finally hostility.

Key Factors in Virtual Gift Buying Behaviour in the Live Game Category Streaming: A Social Cognitive and Cultural Perspective

As live streaming based on a variety of content is growing globally, viewers are becoming accustomed to a model that allows them to interact with content creators in real time; as a result, commercialization businesses based on live streaming are proliferating. These commercialization businesses include live-streaming platforms offering virtual gifts that viewers can purchase to give to content creators, purchasing a streamer's fan badge to show continued support for the streamer, or purchasing merchandise from the streamer's merchandise window, among others. Among them, virtual gifts are the paying behaviour with the highest percentage of viewers. Based on this background, studying what influences consumers' decisions about virtual gifts is essential. This paper adopts a literature review approach to analyze several academic literatures as well as identify the key factors, social, cultural, and psychological, of virtual gift purchasing behaviours of consumers in the live gaming industry, and comb through the key findings of these current studies. In addition, this paper also proposes future research directions and relevant suggestions for specific practices based on the above factors, providing ideas and references for researchers and practitioners of virtual gift marketing. Due to the diverse perspectives of existing related research, the integration, analysis and recommendations in this paper will be of significance to future researchers and stakeholders in systematically understanding viewer behaviour, helping the function of virtual gift rewards on live broadcasting platforms in China, and enhancing the economic benefits as well as live broadcasting viewers' experience.

Compact Metric Spaces with Infinite Cop Number

AbstractMohar recently adapted the classical game of Cops and Robber from graphs to metric spaces, thereby unifying previously studied pursuit-evasion games. He conjectured that finitely many cops can win on any compact geodesic metric space, and that their number can be upper-bounded in terms of the ranks of the homology groups when the space is a simplicial pseudo-manifold. We disprove these conjectures by constructing a metric on $$\mathbb {S}^3$$ S 3 with infinite cop number. More problems are raised than settled.

Spontaneous Formation of Evolutionary Game Strategies for Long-Term Carbon Emission Reduction Based on Low-Carbon Trading Mechanism

In the context of increasing global efforts to mitigate climate change, effective carbon emission reduction is a pressing issue. Governments and power companies are key stakeholders in implementing low-carbon strategies, but their interactions require careful management to ensure optimal outcomes for both economic development and environmental protection. This paper addresses this real-world challenge by utilizing evolutionary game theory (EGT) to model the strategic interactions between these stakeholders under a low-carbon trading mechanism. Unlike classical game theory, which assumes complete rationality and perfect information, EGT allows for bounded rationality and learning over time, making it particularly suitable for modeling long-term interactions in complex systems like carbon markets. This study builds an evolutionary game model between the government and power companies to explore how different strategies in carbon emission reduction evolve over time. Using payoff matrices and replicator dynamics equations, we determine the evolutionarily stable equilibrium (ESE) points and analyze their stability through dynamic simulations. The findings show that in the absence of a third-party regulator, neither party achieves an ideal ESE. To address this, a third-party regulatory body is introduced into the model, leading to the formulation of a tripartite evolutionary game. The results highlight the importance of regulatory oversight in achieving stable and optimal low-carbon strategies. This paper offers practical policy recommendations based on the simulation outcomes, providing a robust theoretical framework for government intervention in carbon markets and guiding enterprises towards sustainable practices.

Measure-Theoretic Analysis of Stochastic Competence Sets and Dynamic Shapley Values in Banach Spaces

We develop a measure-theoretic framework for dynamic Shapley values in Banach spaces, extending classical cooperative game theory to continuous-time, infinite-dimensional settings. We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to stochastic differential equations modeling competence evolution in Banach spaces, establishing sample path continuity and moment estimates. The dynamic Shapley value is rigorously defined as a càdlàg stochastic process with an axiomatic characterization. We derive a martingale representation for this process and establish its asymptotic properties, including a strong law of large numbers and a functional central limit theorem under α-mixing conditions. This framework provides a rigorous basis for analyzing dynamic value attribution in abstract spaces, with potential applications to economic and game-theoretic models.

Accept/Reject games

Many properties of topological spaces, like compactness, have the form that any cover of the space of a certain type contains a subcover of some other type. We introduce a game theoretic analogue of this selection prototype, the Accept/Reject game, and relate it to classical games and selection principles. Modified versions of this game are shown to be equivalent to standard selection principles games.

GPT-3.5 altruistic advice is sensitive to reciprocal concerns but not to strategic risk.

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their ability to generate human-like textand responses across various domains. This study delves into examines the social and strategic behavior of the commonly used LLM GPT-3.5 by investigating its suggestions in well-established behavioral economics paradigms. Specifically, we focus on socialpreferences, including altruism, reciprocity, and fairness, in the context of two classic economic games: the Dictator Game(DG) and the Ultimatum Game (UG). Our research aims to answer three overarching questions: (1) To what extent do GPT-3.5suggestions reflect human social preferences? (2) How do socio-demographic features of the advisee and (3) technicalparameters of the model influence the suggestions of GPT-3.5? We present detailed empirical evidence from extensiveexperiments with GPT-3.5, analyzing its responses to various game scenarios while manipulating the demographics of theadvisee and the model temperature. Our findings reveal that, in the DG Dictator Game, model suggestions are more altruistic than in humans.We further show that it also picks up on more subtle aspects of human social preferences: fairness and reciprocity. Thisresearch contributes to the ongoing exploration of AI-driven systems' alignment with human behavior and social norms,providing valuable insights into the behavior of pre-trained LLMs and their implications for human-AI interactions.Additionally, our study offers a methodological benchmark for future research examining human-like characteristics andbehaviors in language models.

Prevalence of video gaming disorder in Saudi Arabia: a school-based national study

BackgroundVideo gaming is a popular leisure activity among adolescents. Those who play excessively are in danger of educational and social drawbacks and may become addicted to video gaming. Several published studies determined the prevalence of GD among children in specific Saudi regions. However, the current study assessed the national prevalence of video gaming disorder (GD) and its risk factors among school students in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA school-based survey was conducted among adolescents in all regions of Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2021–2022. A multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select the school students. An Arabic-validated version of the 9-item dichotomous (yes/no) GD Scale based on the DSM-5 criteria was used to determine GD prevalence among the students. The score ranged from zero to nine (0–9). Participants who scored five or more were deemed as having GD. Students who scored less than five were classified as normal gamers (score 0–1) or risky gamers (score 2–4).Results We recruited 5332 school students. Their mean age was 15.5 ± 1.7 years, and almost half of them were males (50.7%). According to the GD score, the prevalence of normal gamers was 39.08% (N = 1714), risky gamers 40.47% (N = 1775), and those with GD was, 20.45% (N = 897). Logistic regression was performed to determine the association between video gaming disorder and all the gathered variables, which include age, educational grade, sex, types of video gaming, and categories of video games played. The results showed that nationality, age, educational grade, sex, using only mobile devices to play, and playing puzzle and sports games were not associated with video gaming disorder. On the other hand, it was revealed that using tablets, game consoles, PCs; having multiple devices; and playing online, fighting, car racing, war, and adventure games were significantly linked to GD.ConclusionThe prevalence of GD was 20.45% among Saudi school students who play video games. Utilizing more than one type of gaming device and playing games in the fighting, war, and multiplayer categories via an online connection were significantly linked to having GD. To limit video gaming addiction, we encourage screening, diagnosing, and treating disordered video gamers early. In addition, governmental authorities and video game companies should discuss and revise numerous policy measures to minimize the accessibility of video games, limit the harms and risks related to them, and assist video gamers in becoming effective members of society.

A Review on DISDAIN: An Auto Content Generation VR Game

This document discusses the manner in which DISDAIN has been conceptualized, developed, implemented, and evaluated, looking into its major mechanics, algorithm- based content creation as well as user interaction and all impact it has made on virtual reality gaming. It explores DISDAIN’s design and implementation with much detail to highlight how procedural content generation can improve replayability and immersion in virtual reality games. The results from user testing and gameplay analysis indicate that the game has been successful in providing various experiences that are interesting while at the same time ensuring high levels of player contentment. Besides, this study analyzes technical performance and adaptive AI of DISDAIN so as to project what may be expected from dynamic content generation in VR gaming in future. In general, these results indicate that DISDAIN is a starting point for new developments in VR gaming henceforth while at the same time setting new standards for this kind of game category

On Hurwicz Preferences in Psychological Games

The literature on strategic ambiguity in classical games provides generalized notions of equilibrium in which each player best responds to ambiguous or imprecise beliefs about his opponents’ strategic choices. In a recent paper, strategic ambiguity has been extended to psychological games, by taking into account ambiguous hierarchies of beliefs and max–min preferences. Given that this kind of preference seems too restrictive as a general method to evaluate decisions, in this paper we extend the analysis by taking into account α-max–min preferences in which decisions are evaluated by a convex combination of the worst-case (with weight α) and the best-case (with weight 1−α) scenarios. We define the α-max–min psychological Nash equilibrium; an illustrative example shows that the set of equilibria is affected by the parameter α and the larger the ambiguity, the greater the effect. We also provide a result of stability of the equilibria with respect to perturbations that involve the attitudes toward ambiguity, the structure of ambiguity, and the payoff functions: converging sequences of equilibria of perturbed games converge to equilibria of the unperturbed game as the perturbation vanishes. Surprisingly, a final example shows that the existence of equilibria is not guaranteed for every value of α.

A comprehensive cutting tool adaptation method for multi-feature part based on evolutionary game algorithm

The adaptation of cutting tools is the key link in machining. Although a large amount of work has been done to achieve tool selection for a single feature, there is relatively little research on tool scheme adaptation for multi-feature parts. Considering the factors of matching, efficiency, cost, and environment, a comprehensive optimization method for a multi-feature part tool scheme is proposed in this work. First, the critical tool of a complex feature is defined, and a tool combination method with complex single features is proposed to generate an efficient tool strategy. Then, a tool scheme optimization model for multi-feature parts is constructed in which each machining feature is mapped to a game player in the model space, and the set of available tools is mapped to the player strategies. In addition, the classical evolutionary game algorithm is improved to adapt to the model, according to the difference in the features number and type of different parts. Finally, a square test piece is taken as a case to verify the proposed method. The result shows that the method presented in this work can efficiently obtain the customer-preferred tool scheme for the part.

How Framing Influences Strategic Interactions

In many settings, a person’s outcome depends not only on her own behavior, but also on her counterpart’s. Such strategic decisions have traditionally been studied using normative game theory, which assumes that people adopt equilibrium strategies and will reach the same decision, regardless of how the problem is described (framed). We examine a potentially important type of framing effect—focusing on how the relationship between players’ actions generates joint outcomes. Any strategic interaction can be described by either spelling out the outcomes of all possible action combinations (which we call “outcome framing,” or simply “O-framing”) or describing what will happen if different players choose the same action or choose different actions (which we call “relation framing,” or simply “R-framing”). O-framing has been the typical way to describe a strategic problem in prior work, whereas R-framing is commonly employed in real-life communications. We propose that these functionally equivalent frames induce different psychological processes and lead to different decisions: Relative to O-framing, R-framing increases players’ beliefs about their counterparts’ likelihood of coordinating on a cooperative option. We demonstrate this effect in the context of classic games such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma and the Stag Hunt. We find that, compared with O-framing, R-framing significantly increases people’s likelihood to choose the action that maximizes collective benefits rather than individual interests, and it does so by increasing beliefs that one’s partner will choose the same action as well. We derive conditions when this effect is likely to emerge and discuss the managerial implications of this research. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00518 .

Stereotypical behavior vs. expectations: Gender differences in a dictator game

In general gender differences have frequently been studied in experimental economics, but the findings remain inconclusive. In this study, we focus on gender differences in expectations and gender specific stereotypic mindsets in a dictator game, building on Blanckenburg, Tebbe, & Iseke (2023). We add to prior work by differentiating between stereotypical behavior and stereotypical expectations. Accordingly, we extended the classic dictator game by three steps in order to study whether recipients develop stereotypical beliefs regarding the dictator’s gender based on the amount of money the dictator has allocated to them. First, we asked recipients to estimate the amount. We then revealed the amount the dictator actually allocated to the recipient and finally, we asked the recipient to assess the dictator’s gender. In contrast to and building on previous results which show no gender differences regarding the amount the dictators allocate, we find evidence for stereotypical expectations of the recipients based on the amount the dictator allocates to them.

Open access publishing and quantum game theory under modified EWL scheme

Game theory deals with the strategies of rational players to obtain the best possible outcomes for a player in a game. Quantum game theory is an extension of classical game theory, where players can adopt quantum strategies to maximize their payoff advantage. In quantum game theory, we have two prominent quantization schemes, namely the Eisert Wilkens-Lewenstein (EWL) scheme and the Marinatto Weber (MW) scheme. Recently, modified EWL scheme is being used to study the game dynamics. In the era of digital information revolution, scientists have unrestricted access to most of the scientific information. Different scientific disciplines prefer different paths of publication either open access or traditional. Taking this as a framework, we model an open-access game played by scientists with open access and traditional publishing as their strategies. In this work, we study these publication patterns using the quantum game theory approach under the modified EWL quantization scheme. Specifically, we investigate the role of entangling operators and players’ strategies in maximizing the payoff (reputation) for the scientists playing in the open-access game.

Complex dynamics and chaos control of a quantum Stackelberg game with heterogeneous players

In this research article, we explore the complex dynamics of a quantum Stackelberg game and its chaos control involving players with heterogeneous expectations. We utilize the Iqbal & Toor scheme to quantize the classical Stackelberg game and observe that the first mover advantage is diminished in the quantum version of the game. By examining the game from an evolutionary perspective, where the leader firm employs bounded rational expectations and the follower firm adopts adaptive expectations, we discover that the quantum Stackelberg game exhibits complex behaviors, such as cyclic and chaotic states. The local stability of the quantum game depends on the initial state of the game. Additionally, the occurrence of chaos is delayed in the quantum game. To further investigate, we implement the time-delayed feedback method to control the chaos in the quantum game and demonstrate that the techniques used for controlling the classical game are still effective in the quantum game.

Strategic selection between technology spillover and green technology cross-licencing under cap-and-trade policy

ABSTRACT This paper examines the co-opetition strategic selection between two rival manufacturers under a cap-and-trade policy. Based on the classical Cournot game and Nash bargaining game theories, we propose a benchmark model with technology spillover effect and green technology cross-licencing models with both fixed-fee and mixed-fee modes. The results show that manufacturers have the highest outputs in the fixed-fee cross-licencing scenario, and manufacturers’ total profits in the green technology cross-licencing scenarios always outperform that in the technology spillover scenario. Moreover, when the unit carbon quota trading price is high, the technology spillover scenario has the lowest emissions. When the unit cost of governing carbon emissions-related pollution is low, social welfare in the fixed-fee cross-licencing scenario is higher than that in the mixed-fee cross-licencing scenario. Interestingly, the social welfare advantage of the mixed-fee cross-licencing scenario becomes more and more prominent as the unit cost in governing carbon emissions related pollution increases.

Influence of protective clothing and masks on facial trustworthiness in an investment game: insights from a Chinese population study

Facial features are important sources of information about perceived trustworthiness. Masks and protective clothing diminish the visibility of facial cues by either partially concealing the mouth and nose or covering the entire face. During the pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment affected and redefined who trusts whom in society. This study used the classical investment game of interpersonal trust with Chinese participants to explore the impact of occlusion on interpersonal trust. Faces with moderate initial trustworthiness were occluded by a mask or protective clothing in Experiment 1 and were digitally occluded by a square in Experiment 2, and faces with three levels of initial trustworthiness were occluded by a mask in Experiment 3. Results showed that both undergraduates (Experiment 1a) and non-student adults (Experiment 1b) perceived the faces with protective clothing as more trustworthy than faces wearing standard masks and faces not wearing masks. Faces with the top halves showing were perceived as trustworthy as full faces, while faces with the bottom halves showing were perceived as less trustworthy. The effect of masks is weak and complex. Masks reduced participants’ trust in faces with high initial trustworthiness, had no effect on faces with low and moderate initial trustworthiness, and only slightly increased the trust of undergraduates in faces with moderate initial trustworthiness. Our findings indicate that the lack of information caused by occlusion and the social significance associated with occlusion collectively affect people’s trust behavior in Chinese society. We believe the findings of this study will be useful in elucidating the effects of personal protective equipment usage on perceptions of trustworthiness.

Photonic implementation of the quantum Morra game

The Morra game, an age-old noncooperative game, traditionally played on one's hand, has proved to be a rich setting to study game-theoretic strategies, both classically and within the quantum realm. In this paper, we study a faithful translation of a two-player quantum Morra game, which builds on previous study by including the classical game as a special case. We propose a natural deformation of the game in the quantum regime in which Alice has a winning advantage, breaking the balance of the classical game. A Nash equilibrium can be found in some cases by employing a pure strategy, which is impossible in the classical game where a mixed strategy is always required. We prepared our states using photonic qubits on a linear optics setup, with an average deviation ≤2% with respect to the measured outcome probabilities. Finally, we discuss potential applications of the quantum Morra game to the study of quantum information and communication. Published by the American Physical Society 2024