Classic Edition Research Articles

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: THE SOCIOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS by V. L. Allen, Longman, 1971, viii + 282 pp., £1.75. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: THE UNITED STATES & BRITAIN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, edited by S. B. Saul, Methuen, Debates in Economic History, 1970, viii + 198 pp., 90p. LABOUR PROBLEMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE by L. C. Hunter, C. L. Reid and D. Boddy, Allen & Unwin, University of Glasgow Social & Economic Studies, No. 18, 1970, 363 pp., £4.00. STARVATION OR PLENTY? by Colin Clark, Seeker and Warburg, 1970, vii + 180 pp., £1.50. INSTALMENT CREDIT, edited by A. L. Diamond, Stevens & Sons, British Institute Studies in International and Comparative Law, No. 4, 1970, xxiii + 174 pp., £4.40. THE FABLE OF THE BEES by Bernard Mandeville, Penguin, Pelican Classics Edition, 1970, edited by P. Harth, 416 pp., 40p. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHANGING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD by Peter Manniche et al, Pergamon, 1969, 525 pp., £5.00. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY IN BRITAIN, edited by W. G. Carson & P. Wiles, Martin Robertson & Co., 1971, 258 pp., £2.50, paper £1.15. CRIME: AN ANALYTICAL APPRAISAL by Manuel López‐Rey, Routledge & Kegan Paul, International Library of Sociology & Social Reconstruction, 1970, xiv + 277 pp. £2.75. GOVERNING ELITES: STUDIES IN TRAINING AND SELECTION, edited by Rupert Wilkinson, Oxford University Press, 1969, xviii + 231 pp., £3.00. TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS by Denis McQuail, Collier‐Macmillan, 1969, vi + 122 pp., £1.50, paper 80p. THE SOCIOLOGY OF PROGRESS by L. Sklair, Routledge and Kegan Paul, International Library of Sociology & Social Reconstruction, 1970, xvi + 272 pp., £3.25 COMMUNITY ACTION, edited by Anne Lapping, Fabian Society, Tract No. 400, 1970, 44 pp., 30p. DEMOCRACY AND COMMUNITY: A STUDY OF POLITICS IN SHEFFIELD by W. Hampton, Oxford University Press, 1970, xxv + 349 pp., £4.00. POLITICAL EDUCATION IN A DEMOCRACY by Harold Entwistle, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971, Students Library of Education Series, viii + 136 pp., £1.50p.

Managing the Resource Allocation Process: A Study of Corporate Planning and Investment.

This is the definitive examination of strategic investment from the viewpoint of the people who run the company - the CEO and principal officers. It includes four case histories that follow specific investment projects from their inception to their approval by top management. It is A Harvard Business School Classics Edition.

The Bounds of Sense. An Essay on Kant's CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON.

Peter Strawson (1919–2006) was one of the leading British philosophers of his generation and an influential figure in a golden age for British philosophy between 1950 and 1970. The Bounds of Sense is one of the most influential books ever written about Kant’s philosophy, and is one of the key philosophical works of the late twentieth century. Whilst probably best known for its criticism of Kant’s transcendental idealism, it is also famous for the highly original manner in which Strawson defended and developed some of Kant’s fundamental insights into the nature of subjectivity, experience and knowledge – at a time when few philosphers were engaging with Kant’s ideas. The book had a profound effect on the interpretation of Kant’s philosophy when it was first published in 1966 and continues to influence discussion of Kant, the soundness of transcendental arguments, and debates in epistemology and metaphysics generally. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Lucy Allais.

Main Currents in Sociological Thought: I - Montesquieu/Comte/Marx/ Tocqueville/ The Sociologists and the Revolution of 1848.

This is the first part of Raymond Aron's landmark two-volume study of the sociological tradition—arguably the definitive work of its kind. More than a work of reconstruction, Aron's study is, at its deepest level, an engagement with the very question of modernity: how did the intellectual currents which emerged in the eighteenth century shape the modern political and philosophical order? With scrupulous fairness, Aron examines the thoughts and arguments of the major social thinkers to discern how they answered this question. Volume One explores three traditions: the French liberal school of political sociology, represented by Montesquieu and Tocqueville; the Comtean tradition, anticipating Durkheim in its elevation of social unity and consensus; and the Marxists, who posited the struggle between classes and placed their faith in historical necessity. In his customary clear and penetrating prose, Aron argues that of these schools offers its own theory of the diversity of societies and that each is inspired both by moral convictions and by scientific hypotheses. This Routledge Classics edition includes an introduction by Daniel J. Mahoney and Brian C. Anderson.

Mathematical Theory of Reliability

Preface to the Classics Edition Preface 1. Introduction. Historical Background of the Mathematical Theory of Reliability Definitions of Reliability 2. Failure Distributions. Introduction Typical Failure Laws The Exponential as the Failure Law of Complex Equipment Monotone Failure Rates Preservation of Monotone Failure Rate Additional Inequalities General Failure Rates 3. Operating Characteristics of Maintenance Policies. Introduction Renewal Theory Replacement Based on Age Comparison of Age and Block Replacement Policies Random Replacement Repair of a Single Unit 4. Optimum Maintenance Policies. Introduction Replacement Policies Inspection Policies 5. Stochastic Models for Complex Systems. Introduction Markov Chains and Semi-Markov Processes Repairman Problems Marginal Checking Optimal Maintenance Policies under Markovian Deterioration 6. Redundancy Optimization. Introduction Optimal Allocation of Redundancy Subject to Constraints Application to Parallel Redundancy Model Application to Standby Redundancy Model Complete Families of Undominated Allocations Optimal Redundancy Assuming Two Types of Failure 7. Qualitative Relationships for Multicomponent Structures. Introduction Achieving Reliable Relay Circuits Monotonic Structures S-shaped Reliability Functions for Monotonic Structures k-out-of-n Structures Relationship between Structures Failure Rate and Component Failure Rates Appendix 1. Total Positivity Appendix 2. Test for Increasing Failure Rate Appendix 3. Tables Giving Bounds on Distributions with Monotone Failure Rate References Index.

Ordinary Differential Equations

Foreword to the Classics Edition Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Errata I: Preliminaries II: Existence III: Differential In qualities and Uniqueness IV: Linear Differential Equations V: Dependence on Initial Conditions and Parameters VI: Total and Partial Differential Equations VII: The Poincare-Bendixson Theory VIII: Plane Stationary Points IX: Invariant Manifolds and Linearizations X: Perturbed Linear Systems XI: Linear Second Order Equations XII: Use of Implicity Function and Fixed Point Theorems XIII: Dichotomies for Solutions of Linear Equations XIV: Miscellany on Monotomy Hints for Exercises References Index.

Sanity, Madness and the Family

In the late 1950s the psychiatrist R.D.Laing and psychoanalyst Aaron Esterson spent five years interviewing eleven families of female patients diagnosed as 'schizophrenic'. Sanity, Madness and the Family is the result of their work. Eleven vivid case studies, often dramatic and disturbing, reveal patterns of affection and fear, manipulation and indifference within the family. But it was the conclusions they drew from their research that caused such controversy: they suggest that some forms of mental disorder are only comprehensible within their social and family contexts; their symptoms the manifestations of people struggling to live in untenable situations. Sanity, Madness and the Family was met with widespread hostility by the psychiatric profession on its first publication, where the prevailing view was to treat psychosis as a medical problem to be solved. Yet it has done a great deal to draw attention to the complex and contested nature of psychosis. Above all, Laing and Esterson thought that if you understood the patient's world their apparent madness would become socially intelligible. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Hilary Mantel.

The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800

For the Western world, the period from 1760 to 1800 was the great revolutionary era in which the outlines of the modern democratic state came into being. Here for the first time in one volume is R. R. Palmer's magisterial account of this incendiary age. Palmer argues that the American, French, and Polish revolutions--and the movements for political change in Britain, Ireland, Holland, and elsewhere--were manifestations of similar political ideas, needs, and conflicts. Palmer traces the clash between an older form of society, marked by legalized social rank and hereditary or self-perpetuating elites, and a new form of society that placed a greater value on social mobility and legal equality. Featuring a new foreword by David Armitage, this Princeton Classics edition of The Age of the Democratic Revolution introduces a new generation of readers to this enduring work of political history.

The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction

Preface to the Princeton Classics Edition ix Preface xiii Key to Abbreviations xvii Introduction 3 I The Election of 1860 9 II Secession and the Coming of War 29 III The Emancipation Issue: 1861 52 IVEmancipation and Public Opinion: 1861-1862 75 V The Emancipation Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment 99 VI The Negro: Innately Inferior or Equal? 134 VII Freedmen's Education: 1861-1865 154 VIII The Creation of the Freedmen's Bureau 178 IX Men of Color, to Arms! 192 X The Quest for Equal Rights in the North 221 XI The Ballot and Land for the Freedmen: 1861-1865 238 XII The Reelection of Lincoln 260 XIII Schism in the Ranks: 1864-1865 287 XIV Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction: 1865 308 XV The Fourteenth Amendment and the Election of 1866 341 XVI Military Reconstruction and Impeachment 367 XVII Education and Confiscation 1865-1870 386 XVIII The Climax of the Crusade: the Fifteenth Amendment 417 Bibliographical Essay 433 Index 451

Formal Organizations: A Comparative Approach

Contents Introduction to the Classic Edition Preface 1. Introduction 1 The Concept of Formal Organization The Study of Formal Organizations Methods in the Study of Organizations The Comparative Approach 2. The Nature and Types of Formal Organizations Theoretical Concepts Typologies of Formal Organizations Types of Formal Organizations Concluding Remarks 3. The Organization and Its Publics Professional and Bureaucratic Orientation The Public Conflicts with Clients Concluding Remarks 4. The Social Structure of Work Groups Informal Organization Effects of Group Structure The Larger Organization and Work-Group Structure Concluding Remarks 5. Processes of Communication Experiments on Communication and Performance Field Studies of Communication in Formal Organizations Variations in Communication Patterns Concluding Remarks 6. The Role of the Supervisor Styles of Supervision Supervision and Performance Hierarchical and Peer Relations Concluding Remarks 7. Managerial Control The Hierarchy Impersonal Mechanisms of Control Questioning Some Prevailing Assumptions Concluding Remarks 8. The Social Context of Organizational Life The Social Environment of Organizations Organizational Analysis Interorganizational Processes Concluding Remarks 9. Organizational Dynamics Organizational Development Emergent Patterns Dilemmas of Formal Organization Dialectical Processes of Change Appendix. Description and Comparison of the Two Welfare Agencies Bibliography Index of Names Index of Topics Tables 1. Location of Reference Groups and Graduate Work 2. Type of Orientation and Professional Characteristics 3. Type of Orientation and Loyalty to the Agency 4. Type of Orientation and Criticism of the Agency 5. Type of Orientation and Criticism of Administrative Policies 6. Seniority, Informal Acceptance, and Orientation to Clients 7. Seniority, Popularity, and Reference Group 8. Group Climate, Individual's Orientation, and Attitudes 9. Group Climate, Acceptance, and Individual's Orientation 10. Group Cohesion, Popularity, and Reaction to Clients 11. Reciprocity in Consultations, Work Pressure, and Per Cent Regularly Consulting Colleagues 12. Reciprocity in Consultations, Self-Confidence, and Per Cent Regularly Consulted 13. Worker Visits to Recipients and Orientation of Supervisor 14. Supervisor's Self-Confidence, Supervisor's Approach, and Worker Loyalty Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Comparative organization, Associations, institutions, etc

Professional Ethics and Civic Morals.

Emile Durkheim is one of the founding fathers of sociology and Professional Ethics and Civic Morals is one of his most neglected yet insightful works. Durkheim's view that the instability of industrial society was connected to the decline of religion and his characterization of the state as the ultimate moral force in society reveal his lifelong engagement with the relationship between the individual and society. In Professional Ethics and Civic Morals Durkheim poses a major question: given the negative social consequences of unfettered markets, which caused what he termed ‘anomie’, how is the state to reconcile morality with the market? Durkheim argues that the answer is to be found in the evolution of a civil religion, in the form of professional codes and civic values, which would counteract the effects of individualism, just as guilds had regulated medieval economic life. Arguing that the state has a vital role to play in moral life and that morals are at bottom social facts – a controversial position which drew considerable criticism – Durkheim also argues that the state had a duty to protect the rights of the individual, via a form of cosmopolitan patriotism. Durkheim also articulates a highly original and critical interpretation of the rules around property and inheritance – a perspective which resonates with debates about inequality and the redistribution of wealth today. Included in this Routledge Classics edition is a new introduction by Bryan S.Turner, placing Durkheim in contemporary context and outlining the key tenets of Professional Ethics and Civic Morals.

The Arte of English Poesie

A full reprint of the text of The Arte of English Poesie, a vivid record of the critical and creative methods of a prolific age, the late sixteenth century. In the critical and bibliographical introduction the disputes about the date of writing and the author's name (the book appeared anonymously) are examined and the purpose and contents of the book are analysed. Cambridge University Press is delighted to bring back into print, after a lapse of several decades, this classic edition first published in 1936 and still widely cited by scholars today.

Free and Inexpensive Materials

SEVERAL terms are commonly used in discussing and In referring to such materials, Briggs (2) classified them with supplementary aids, Groneman (7) included them in a list of teaching aids, Harrington (8) used the term source material, Keeley (13) used the category other instructional in which he gave attention to and pamphlets, and Marcus (16) discussed fugitive materials. However, the terms industry-sponsored, used by Netzer (22), and business-sponsoredc, used by Sinclair (27), begin to draw a distinction between free materials and inexpensive The terminology employed by Netzer and Sinclair refers to those materials furnished to schools without cost for single items or for a nominal cost for quantity orders. The materials also include items such as the 5-cent newspaper and the 25-cent pamphlets and charts developed by organizations like Science Research Associates or government bureaus. The wide publication and use of paper-bound editions of classics and technical books probably will add a new category to This chapter will report research which deals with and materials being furnished schools regardless of the term used by the research worker to identify these Materials include such items as pamphlets, books, maps, charts, posters, pictures, newspapers, magazines, films, and filmstrips.

Demand and Supply

There they stand on the shelves, weary veterans with the marks of long service upon them: the school and college editions of Greek classics, rank upon rank, mostly in the sombre uniform of their period. For period pieces many of them are, as a glance at the date of original publication, with the long tale of subsequent reprints, will show. Their print has lost some of its early sharpness; the commentaries refer to grammars and the like that have long since passed into oblivion; and the occasional prefatory note, touching briefly on the principles of bowdlerization, brings back an echo of another age.

Jules et Jim

Based on a real-life love triangle and later made into Francois Truffaut's famous New Wave film, Henri-Pierre Roche's Jules et Jim is a paean to youth set in free-spirited Paris before the First World War. Jules and Jim live a carefree, bohemian existence: they write in cafes, travel when the mood takes them, and share the women they love without jealousy. Like Lucie, flawless, an abbess, and Odile, impulsive, mischievous, almost feral. But it is Kate - with a smile the two friends have determined to follow always, but capricious enough to jump in the Seine from spite - who steals their hearts most thoroughly. Henri-Pierre Roche was in his mid-seventies when he wrote this, his autobiographical debut novel. The inspiration for the legendary film directed by Francois Truffaut, it captures perfectly with excitement and great humour the tenderness of three people in love with each other and with This Penguin Modern Classics edition is translated by Patrick Evans with an introduction by Agnes C. Poirier and an afterword by Francois Truffaut. Henri-Pierre Roche (1879-1959) was born in Paris. After studying art at the Academie Julian, he became a journalist and art dealer, mixing with the avant-garde artistic set; his friends and acquaintances included the artists Michel Duchamp and Francis Picabia, and in 1905 he introduced Gertrude Stein to Pablo Picasso. In 1916, following his discharge from the French army, Roche went to New York and set up a Dadaist magazine, The Blind Man, with Duchamp and the artist Beatrice Wood. It wasn't until his seventies that he wrote the semi-autobiographical Jules et Jim (1953); his second novel, Les deux anglaises et le continent, was published in 1956. If you enjoyed Jules et Jim, you might like Raymond Radiguet's The Devil in the Flesh, also available in Penguin Modern Classics. A perfect hymn to love and perhaps to life. (Francois Truffaut, director of Jules et Jim and The 400 Blows).

ROSSINI'S OVERTURE TO ‘WILLIAM TELL’

IN ' Music & Letters' for July 1948 Adam Carse, in a paper of vital and timely interest, emphasized the urgent need for new and critically revised editions of the orchestral classics. In support of his thesis he examined anew Beethoven's C minor Symphony and, comparing the various printed full scores with each other, and with Beethoven's autograph score, he showed with the utmost clarity how this presumably familiar classic has undergone change after change at the hands of different editors, until one almost rubs one's eyes (or should it be ears ?) on realizing how far from the composer's original intentions most performances of this Symphony must be. Now the C minor Symphony does not stand alone in this respect, and Carse is right in demanding new editions of the bulk of the works in the orchestral repertory. His article, moreover, has impelled me to make one small contribution towards the question he has raised, and one which should have been made long ago. Every musician is familiar with Rossini's overture to ' William Tell ', that highly original though rather hackneyed work; and such is its familiarity that few ever stop to consider whether the text which is regularly performed is a true reflection of what the composer actually intended. One note in particular has been the subject of constant argument between conductors and orchestral players, namely, the last note in the thirty-third bar of the cor anglais solo in the so-called ranz des vaches.

How the French Humanists of the Renaissance Learned Greek

The history of Hellenism in the French Renaissance includes not only the leading intellectual figures of France, but also the record of an heroic and idealistic enterprise, embarked upon with courage and enthusiasm, carried on with tenacity, and brought to a brilliant and successful conclusion in the numerous editions of the Greek classics which appeared from 1507 to the end of the century. Ample testimony is available concerning the modest beginnings from the time when Robert Gaguin and Jacques Lefèvre d'Etaples acquired a smattering of Greek from Gregorio Tifernas during his short stay in France in 1456, to the period of official recognition of Greek studies by the founding of the College royal in 1530.

Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class

This is a landmark study in Southern social stratification. First published in 1941, Deep is the cooperative effort of a team of social anthropologists to document the economic, racial, and cultural character of the Jim Crow South through a study of a representative rural Mississippi community. Researchers Allison Davis, Burleigh B. Gardner, and Mary R. Gardner lived among the people of Natchez, Mississippi, as they investigated how class and caste informed daily life in a typical southern community. This Southern Classics edition of their study offers contemporary students of history a provocative collection of primary material gathered by conscientious and well-trained participant-observers, who found then - as now - intertwined social and economic inequalities at the root of racial tensions. Expanding on earlier studies of community stratification by social class, researchers in the Deep South Project introduced the additional concept of caste, which parsed a community through rigid social ranks assigned at birth and unalterable through life - a concept readily identifiable in the racial divisions of the Jim Crow South. As African American researchers, Davis and his wife, Elizabeth, along with his assistant St. Clair Drake, were able to gain unrivaled access to the black community in rural Mississippi, unavailable to their white counterparts. Through their interviews and experiences, the authors vividly capture the nuances in caste-enforcing systems of tenant-landlord relations, local government, and law enforcement. But the chief achievement of Deep is its rich analysis of how the southern economic system, and sharecropping in particular, functioned to maintain rigid caste divisions along racial lines. In the new introduction to this edition, Jennifer Jensen Wallach situates this germinal study within the field of social anthropology and against the backdrop of similar community studies of the era. She also details the subsequent careers of this distinguished team of researchers.

Seed from Madagascar.

Long before there were cobblestone streets along the Charleston battery, there was rice and there were slaves--the twin pillars upon which colonial Carolina wealth was built. But by the Civil War both began to crumble, along with the planter aristocracy they supported. Seed from Madagascar chronicles the linked tragedies of the prominent Heyward family and South Carolina's rice industry while underscoring the integral role African Americans played in the fortunes of the planter class and the precious crop. As much about race as about rice, Duncan Clinch Heyward's account describes the master-slave relationship, the planting and marketing of rice, and the changes wrought by the Civil War. Peter Coclanis's vivid introduction to this Southern Classics edition places Heyward's chronicle in its historical and cultural context, making Seed from Madagascar as important today as when it first appeared in the 1930s.

Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology.

With a new foreword by Dermot Moran ‘the work here presented seeks to found a new science – though, indeed, whole course of philosophical development since Descartes has been preparing way for it – a science covering a new field of experience, exclusively its own, that of Transcendental Subjectivity’ - Edmund Husserl, from author’s preface to English Edition Widely regarded as principal founder of phenomenology, one of most important movements in twentieth century philosophy, Edmund Husserl’s Ideas is one of his most important works and a classic of twentieth century thought. This Routledge Classics edition of original translation by W.R. Boyce Gibson includes introduction to English edition written by Husserl himself in 1931. Husserl’s early thought conceived of phenomenology – general study of what appears to conscious experience – in a relatively narrow way, mainly in relation to problems in logic and theory of knowledge. The publication of Ideas in 1913 witnessed a significant and controversial widening of Husserl’s thought, changing course of phenomenology decisively. Husserl argued that phenomenology was study of very nature of what it is to think, the science of essence of itself. Husserl’s arguments ignited a heated debate regarding nature of consciousness and experience that has endured throughout twentieth and continues in present day. No understanding of twentieth century philosophy is complete without some understanding of Husserl, and his work influenced some of great philosophers of twentieth century, such as Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre.