Classical Criteria Research Articles

Regge constraints on local four-point scattering amplitudes of massive particles with spin

In this work, we classify all the possible local four-point couplings relevant for tree-level flat space 2 → 2 scattering of external massive particles of spin one and spin two which do not grow faster than s2 at large s and fixed t. This kinematic constraint on local growth of tree-level S-matrices is known as Classical Regge Growth criteria or CRG [1]. We first construct the spin one and spin two tree-level contact S-matrices as modules of polarisation tensors and momenta over the ring of polynomials generated by Mandelstam invariants. We then consider a general scattering process where the external scattering particles are of different masses but of same spin and constrain this space to obtain a finite number of CRG allowed local Lagrangians. Our concrete results are primarily for D ≥ 8 but the process outlined is easily generalised to lower dimensions to include low dimensional parity violating structures. The space of CRG allowed structures reduces when we specialise to identical scattering and restrict to parity even couplings in D = 4. We show that tree-level scattering amplitudes involving exchange diagrams and contact terms in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity (dRGT) violate CRG unless the parameters of the theory take special values. The CRG allowed S-matrices, in the context of large N conformal field theories (CFTs), can also be interpreted as bulk AdS counterterms consistent with Chaos bound. Our classified structures therefore can be thought of as ambiguities arising in the context of conformal field theory inversion formula for four point functions of unconserved spin one and spin two operators in large N CFTs.

The strength prediction model of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites based on the renormalization group method

When unidirectional fiber reinforced composites are subjected to longitudinal tensile loading and reach a critical failure state, they experience a sudden transition from local damage to catastrophic failure, commonly termed as an avalanche event. This paper integrates the self-organized criticality theory (SOC) concepts into the prediction of longitudinal tensile strength of composites and establishes a strength prediction model of composites based on the renormalization group method (RGM). The predictions of the RGM model are successfully validated against experimental results in the literatures, and it demonstrates relatively acceptable predictive accuracy compared to classical strength criteria. Compared to other state-of-the-art prediction models considering stochastic fiber strength distribution, the RGM model effectively provides strength statistics for fiber bundles of any size and describes the occurrence of composites avalanche failure induced by local stress concentration. This present model can be very conveniently implemented as a User Material Subroutine (UMAT) for finite simulations, facilitating practical prediction of the strength of composites structures.

Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Warisan Budaya Tak Benda (WBTB) Lamongan pada Tema 3 Subtema 1 Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, practical, and effective Lamongan-based Intangible Cultural Heritage (WBTB) based e-module on theme 3, sub-theme 1 of grade V elementary school. This study uses a 4D development model with 4 stages, namely (1) define (definition), (2) design (planning), (3) develop (development), and (4) disseminate (dissemination). The subjects of this study were fifth grade students at SDN I Tambakrigadung. Based on the validation results of linguists, material experts, teaching material design experts, and learning design experts, the average result is 88.4% with very valid criteria. Practical results were obtained from the implementation of learning through teacher activity observation sheets and student activity observation sheets of 97.3% with very practical criteria. Effectiveness results obtained from student learning outcomes. Student completeness shows a percentage of 100% with classical completeness criteria ≥ 85% fulfilling the KKM. It can be concluded that the development of an e-module based on the Lamongan Intangible Cultural Heritage (WBTB) theme 3 sub-theme 1 is appropriate for use in learning.

Encodability Criteria for Quantum Based Systems

Quantum based systems are a relatively new research area for that different modelling languages including process calculi are currently under development. Encodings are often used to compare process calculi. Quality criteria are used then to rule out trivial or meaningless encodings. In this new context of quantum based systems, it is necessary to analyse the applicability of these quality criteria and to potentially extend or adapt them. As a first step, we test the suitability of classical criteria for encodings between quantum based languages and discuss new criteria. Concretely, we present an encoding, from a language inspired by CQP into a language inspired by qCCS. We show that this encoding satisfies compositionality, name invariance (for channel and qubit names), operational correspondence, divergence reflection, success sensitiveness, and that it preserves the size of quantum registers. Then we show that there is no encoding from qCCS into CQP that is compositional, operationally corresponding, and success sensitive.

Recent developments in acute kidney injury : Definition, biomarkers, subphenotypes, and management

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is acommon problem in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Since 2012, AKI has been defined according to the KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome) guidelines. As some biomarkers are now available that can provide useful clinical information, anew definition including anew stage1S has been proposed by an expert group of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI). At this stage, classic AKI criteria are not yet met, but biomarkers are already positive defining subclinical AKI. This stage1S is associated with aworse patient outcome, regardless of the biomarker chosen. The PrevAKI and PrevAKI-Multicenter trial also showed that risk stratification with abiomarker and implementation of the KDIGO bundle (in the high-risk group) can reduce the rate of moderate and severe AKI. In the absence of asuccessful clinical trial, conservative management remains the primary focus of treatment. This mainly involves optimization of hemodynamics and an individualized (restrictive) fluid management. The STARRT-AKI trial has shown that there is no benefit from accelerated initiation of renal replacement therapy. However, delaying too long might be associated with potential harm, as shown in the AKIKI2 study. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether artificial intelligence will play arole in AKI in the future, helping to guide treatment decisions and improve outcomes.

Sustainable alternative to irrigated maize monoculture in a maize-dominated cropped area: Lessons learned from a system experiment

Maize is the most-produced food crop in the world and is grown in intensive rotations or in monoculture (continuous maize) systems. As maize production has expanded massively across the world, many concerns have emerged about its local environmental and other global impacts. Agronomists have designed innovative cropping systems and assessed them using system experiments to make arable systems more sustainable. However, knowledge is still lacking on the sustainability of innovative cropping systems compared to highly intensive systems such as irrigated maize-based monoculture. Here, we present the assessment results of a nine-year system experiment in Alsace, France, developed to compare an innovative system based on a diversified rotation and innovative management practices (three-year rotation of maize/soybean/winter wheat (plus a cover crop) combined with reduced tillage) with a continuous maize reference system. The results cover a six-year assessment period following an initial three-year design period. Classic criteria, such as profitability, workload, pesticide use, fossil energy consumption and nitrate leaching, were assessed along with other less studied criteria, such as pesticide leaching risk, soil structure, soil chemical quality and soil biological activity. Sustainability – which includes environmental, social and economic dimensions – was assessed with the MASC 2.0 method. Overall sustainability was substantially enhanced in the innovative system (5 out of 7 sustainability classes) in comparison with the low level of the reference system (2 out of 7). This was due to a clear improvement in the environmental performance (from 2 out of 5 to 5 out of 5) while social performance was high in both systems (4 out of 5) and economic performance was low (2 out of 5) due to very low contribution to economic development. Nevertheless, the innovative system had a major drawback: lower profitability, especially when scenarios included high maize prices. Furthermore, herbicide use on maize was higher in the innovative system than in the reference one. Avenues for progress, such as encouraging stakeholder participation at the assessment stage or additional innovations such as multiple cropping, are suggested.

CDH1 Genotype Exploration in Women With Hereditary Lobular Breast Cancer Phenotype

Pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline CDH1 variants are associated with risk for diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer (LBC) in the so-called hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. However, in some circumstances, LBC can be the first manifestation of this syndrome in the absence of diffuse gastric cancer manifestation. To evaluate the frequency of germline CDH1 variants in women with the hereditary LBC (HLBC) phenotype, somatic CDH1 gene inactivation in germline CDH1 variant carriers' tumor samples, and the association of genetic profiles with clinical-pathological data and survival. This single-center, longitudinal, prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2021, with follow-up until January 31, 2023. Women with LBC seen at the European Institute of Oncology were included. Testing for germline CDH1, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes was performed. Somatic profiling was assessed for germline CDH1 carriers. Accurate estimates of prevalence of germline CDH1 variants among patients with HLBC and the association of somatic sequence alteration with HLBC syndrome. The Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied for overall and disease-free survival analysis. Of 5429 cases of primary LBC, familial LBC phenotype accounted for 1867 (34.4%). A total of 394 women with LBC were tested, among whom 15 germline CDH1 variants in 15 unrelated families were identified. Among these variants, 6 (40.0%) were P/LP, with an overall frequency of 1.5% (6 of 394). Of the 6 probands with P/LP CDH1 LBC, 5 (83.3%) had a positive family history of BC and only 1 (16.7%) had sporadic juvenile early-onset LBC. No germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were identified in CDH1 carriers. An inactivating CDH1 mechanism (second hit) was identified in 4 of 6 explored matched tumor samples (66.7%) in P/LP germline carriers. The P/LP CDH1 LBC variant carriers had a significantly lower age at diagnosis compared with the group carrying CDH1 variants of unknown significance or likely benign (42.5 [IQR, 38.3-43.0] vs 51.0 [IQR, 45.0-53.0] years; P = .03). In this cohort study, P/LP germline CDH1 variants were identified in individuals not fulfilling the classic clinical criteria for HDGC screening, suggesting that identification of these variants may provide a novel method to test women with LBC with early age at diagnosis and/or positive family history of BC.

Transient global amnesia

Transient global amnesia

Methodology for Selecting Optimal Routes for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods in Conditions of Risk Uncertainty

Abstract * A risk situation is a type of uncertainty situation where events are likely to occur. In other words, risk is an estimated probability, and uncertainty is something that cannot be quantified. The greater the uncertainty when making a decision, the greater the degree of risk. The investigation is devoted to the development of a unified methodology for selecting optimal (from the proposed alternatives) routes for transporting dangerous goods (any of the 9 standard classes) by road. A model for determining two groups of risk components for transporting dangerous goods on separate routes is proposed, namely: parameters of risks of probability of occurrence of emergency situations and parameters that affect the risks of complexity of eliminating their possible consequences. This opened up opportunities for correct selection of criteria when forming a multi-criteria optimization problem of transportation. Mathematical algorithms for a comprehensive solution of the multi-criteria optimization problem of routing dangerous goods transportation are developed using the classical criteria of Laplace, Wald, Savage, and Hurwitz. To confirm the legal capacity of the proposed approach and mathematical apparatus, the optimal route for transportation of cylinders with technical gases through the transport network of Lutsk was calculated. Possible alternative transportation routes have been identified and safety criteria have been formalized for two groups of risk components

Cost/effectiveness of elivaldogene autotemcel vs. hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in patients with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD)

Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) is a severe, rare neurological disease with a progressive course and poor prognosis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is still considered the standard of care for CALD. Elivaldogene autotemcel is a novel gene therapy for the treatment of childhood-onset CALD. Since many novel gene therapies are associated with high costs, our aim was to compare costs and effectiveness of elivaldogene autotemcel with the costs and effectiveness of allogeneic HSCT treatment of childhood-onset CALD. The analysis used an 80-year horizon and the perspective of the Serbian Republic Health Insurance Fund. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained with elivaldogene autotemcel and HSCT, as well as direct treatment costs, were our major outcomes. For the purposes of the economic analysis, we constructed and simulated a discrete-event simulation model to calculate the outcomes. We obtained the results of the model using a Monte Carlo simulation, which we conducted on 1000 virtual CALD patients. The analysis indicated that elivaldogene autotemcel was not cost-effective when compared to HSCT, and the net monetary benefit was negative. The base case incremental cost/effectiveness ratio was 259,848,512 RSD/QALY. Elivaldogene autotemcel is not more cost-effective than HSCT for the treatment of CALD from the perspective of the Serbian Republic Health Insurance Fund, according to classic pharmacoeconomic analysis and criteria. To ensure that the treatment is affordable for all patients for whom it is prescribed, a differentiated pricing strategy with lower drug prices in developing nations seems to be required.

Noncriteria antiphospholipid antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombotic manifestations and/or obstetric complications in patients with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPL are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies, but only lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin (aCL), and antibeta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) IgG or IgM are included as laboratory classification criteria. Seronegative APS patients are usually defined as patients with the clinical symptoms of APS but who test negative for aPL. The negativity to classic aPL criteria does not exclude the presence of other aPL. Several noncriteria aPL have been identified. Some noncriteria aPL are well studied, such as IgA aCL and aβ2GPI, the antiphosphatidylserine-prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies, and the antibodies against the domain I of beta2-glycoprotein I (aDI), both latter groups receiving more attention for their role in thrombotic events and pregnancy complications. Other noncriteria aPL that have been studied are antibodies against annexin V, prothrombin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, vimentin-cardiolipin complex, anti-protein S/protein C. Measurement of some of these noncriteria aPL (aPS/PT, aDI) is useful in the laboratory work-out of APS in specific situations. We have to differentiate between patients who are positive for noncriteria aPL only, and patients who have both criteria and noncriteria aPL to enable us to study their role in the diagnosis or risk stratification of APS. The research on noncriteria aPL is continually developing as the clinical relevance of these antibodies is not yet fully clarified.

Non-asymptotic model selection for models of network data with parameter vectors of increasing dimension

Model selection for network data is an open area of research. Using the β-model as a convenient starting point, we propose a simple and non-asymptotic approach to model selection of β-models with and without constraints. Simulations indicate that the proposed model selection approach selects the data-generating model with high probability, in contrast to classical and extended Bayesian Information Criteria. We conclude with an application to the Enron email network, which has 181,831 connections among 36,692 employees.

Development of Human Blood Circulation Board Media (PAPEDA) Oriented to Students' Mastery of Science Concepts

This research aims to produce human blood circulation board media (PAPEDA) based on validity, practicality and effectiveness regarding students' mastery of science concepts. This research is development research. The development model used is the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects were 25 grade 5 students at SDN 14 Cakranegara. The instruments used were validation sheets, teacher assessment sheets, student assessment sheets, and test questions for students' mastery of science concepts. The data analysis technique used is a validity test with the minimum criteria being in the valid category, then a practicality test based on the results of teacher assessment and student assessment with the minimum standards being in the practical type, and an effectiveness test with the criterion that the proportion of students who achieve the classical minimum completeness criteria is at least at 75%. This research shows that PAPEDA learning media meets valid criteria with an average expert assessment score of 84% with perfect measures. The results of field trials show that PAPEDA learning media meets practical and influential standards. The functional aspect assessment was obtained from teacher and student assessments, with average scores of 96% (efficient) and 81% (efficient). The effectiveness aspect is evaluated from the results of students' mastery of science concepts tests. The proportion of students who reach the minimum completeness criteria in the science concept mastery test is 80%, within the effective criteria. Thus, the learning media developed meets valid, practical and influential standards

Numerical study of multiple hydraulic fractures propagation in poroelastic media based on energy decomposition phase field methods

This paper proposes a novel phase-filed model for simulating hydraulic fracturing in poroelastic media under complex stress conditions. The main theoretical contribution lies in the fact that a generalized strain energy density decomposition is incorporated to hydraulic fracturing phase field model, which unifies hydrostatic-deviatoric and spectral decompositions and predicts material failure through classical Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Based on Biot’s poroelastic theory, an indicator function is used to distinguish between fluid flow in fractures and in pores. The fully coupled equations are solved by combining staggered schemes with Newton-Raphson methods. The proposed model is validated by comparing laboratory experimental results with numerical results. In order to demonstrate the influence of introducing hydrostatic-deviatoric and spectral energy decompositions, we simulated propagation of multiple hydraulic fractures and coalescence of hydraulic fractures with natural fractures. Finally, the effects of stress ratios (σx/σy) on multiple hydraulic fractures are analysed. It is found that when the stress ratio is 2, a more complex hydraulic fracture network is formed in the porous media.

Frame set for Gabor systems with Haar window

We describe the full structure of the frame set for the Gabor system G(g;α,β):={e−2πimβ⋅g(⋅−nα):m,n∈Z} with the window being the Haar function g=−χ[−1/2,0)+χ[0,1/2). This is the first compactly supported window function for which the frame set is represented explicitly.The strategy of this paper is to introduce the piecewise linear transformation M on the unit circle, and to provide a complete characterization of structures for its (symmetric) maximal invariant sets. This transformation is related to the famous three gap theorem of Steinhaus which may be of independent interest. Furthermore, a classical criterion on Gabor frames is improved, which allows us to establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the Gabor system G(g;α,β) to be a frame, i.e., the symmetric invariant set of the transformation M is empty.

Semi-analytical approach for curved masonry pillars reinforced with FRCM

The paper presents a semi-analytical approach for the study of the debonding phenomenon of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems externally applied to curved masonry pillars. One of the main features of the approach consists of considering the strengthening system composed by three separated components: external mortar layer, central fiber net and internal mortar layer. These components, assumed subjected to a longitudinal state of stress, interact one each other through tangential stresses developing at the level of zero-thickness interfaces. Regarding the latter, a tri-linear shear stress-slip relationship is assumed to account for a first elastic phase, a second phase exhibiting linear softening and a third phase with a possible non-null residual strength. Since in case of curved substrates, by equilibrium, normal stresses at the interfaces between fiber and matrix arise, which modify the peak tangential resistance and the ductility, a classic Mohr-Coulomb criterion is introduced in the approach. Additionally, the central fiber net progressively transfers along the bond length the force applied at its loaded end by means of an elastic interface interposed between the internal mortar layer and the substrate, the latter assumed rigid and infinitely resistant. The longitudinal equilibrium equations written for the two mortar layers, suitably re-arranged considering the constitutive behavior of the layers, allow to deduce a field problem governed by six first order differential equations into six unknowns. The non-linearity is tackled by means of a recursive elastic numerical algorithm where the elastic modulus of the damaged materials is progressively dropped down, subdividing the bonded length into small portions where the material properties are assumed constant. For each element the solution of the field problem is known in closed form and the only variables to determine are the integration constants coming from the solution of the differential equation system. After a standard assemblage, all constants are derived imposing the boundary conditions at the extremes of the elements, which depend on the state of cracking of the matrix layer. The validation of the proposed approach is carried out with reference to recent experimental tests carried out by the Authors. The obtained results show the reliability of the approach to account for the influence of the curvature of the substrate on the debonding process of FRCM systems.

Diagnosis and management of invasive fungal diseases in non-neutropenic ICU patients, with focus on candidiasis and aspergillosis: a comprehensive review.

Invasive fungal diseases pose a significant threat to non-neutropenic ICU patients, with Candida and Aspergillus infections being the most common. However, diagnosing these infections in the ICU population remains challenging due to overlapping clinical features, poor sensitivity of blood cultures, and invasive sampling requirements. The classical host criteria for defining invasive fungal disease do not fully apply to ICU patients, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses. Recent advancements have improved our understanding of invasive fungal diseases, leading to revised definitions and diagnostic criteria. However, the diagnostic difficulties in ICU patients remain unresolved, highlighting the need for further research and evidence generation. Invasive candidiasis is the most prevalent form of invasive fungal disease in non-neutropenic ICU patients, presenting as candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis. Diagnosis relies on positive blood cultures or histopathology, while non-culture-based techniques such as beta-D-glucan assay and PCR-based tests show promise. Invasive aspergillosis predominantly manifests as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients, often associated with comorbidities and respiratory deterioration in viral pneumonia. Diagnosis remains challenging due to poor sensitivity of blood cultures and difficulties in performing lung biopsies. Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed, including mycological evidence, clinical/radiological factors and expanded list of host factors. Non-culture-based techniques such as galactomannan assay and PCR-based tests can aid in diagnosis. Antifungal management involves tailored therapy based on guidelines and individual patient factors. The complexity of diagnosing and managing invasive fungal diseases in ICU patients underscore the importance of ongoing research and the need for updated diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches. Invasive fungal disease, Invasive fungal infection, Invasive candidiasis, Invasive aspergillosis, Antifungal drugs.

Pityriasis Lichenoides ET Varioliformis Acuta (PLEVA) As a Possible Differential Diagnosis for Monkeypox during the 2022 Outbreak in Non-Endemic Countries

In May 2022 several cases of monkeypox transmitted among humans in the UK, the USA and Europe were detected. The images of monkeypox skin lesions that were widely published in the media consisted exclusively of deeply seated vesicles and pustules on brown and black skin from endemic outbreaks in Africa. However, as cases accumulated in non-endemic countries, it has become clear that the clinical presentation of the current outbreak outside of Africa shows a very different picture, and that at least some of these cases might mimic pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). It is a rare dermatologic condition of unknown aetiology, which has been described also as a reaction to vaccines. Currently, the World Health Organisation recommended laboratory tool for diagnosing monkeypox is the real time polymerase chain reaction test. Antigen and antibodies detection methods are not considered useful due to cross-reactivity between different orthopoxviruses. In this paper, I present the classic dermatologic criteria used for distinguishing between monkeypox and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta as described in the literature. Further, as a hypothesis, I suggest considering pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, a non- infectious skin reaction associated with extrinsic factors, including vaccines (also Covid-19 vaccines) as a possible differential diagnosis for monkeypox cases in the non-endemic countries.

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Clinical and genetic characterization in pediatric patients.

The aim of this study was to provide a full characterization of a cohort of 11 pediatric patients diagnosed with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). Eleven patients with genetic diagnostic of PHTS were recruited between February 2019 and April 2023. Clinical, imaging, demographic, and genetic data were retrospectively collected from their hospital medical history. Regarding clinical manifestations, macrocephaly was the leading sign, present in all patients. Frontal bossing was the most frequent dysmorphism. Neurological issues were present in most patients. Dental malformations were described for the first time, being present in 27% of the patients. Brain MRI showed anomalies in 57% of the patients. No tumoral lesions were present at the time of the study. Regarding genetics, 72% of the alterations were in the tensin-type C2 domain of PTEN protein. We identified four PTEN genetic alterations for the first time. PTEN mutations appear with a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms, sometimes associated with phenotypes which do not fit classical clinical diagnostic criteria for PHTS. We recommend carrying out a genetic study to establish an early diagnosis in children with significant macrocephaly. This facilitates personalized monitoring and enables anticipation of potential PHTS-related complications.

Navigating Complexity: A Comprehensive Approach to Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms.

Background: The concept of aneurysm "complexity" has undergone significant changes in recent years, with advancements in endovascular treatments. However, surgical clipping remains a relevant option for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Hence, the classical criteria used to define surgically complex MCA aneurysms require updating. Our objective is to review our institutional series, considering the impacts of various complexity features, and provide a treatment strategy algorithm. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of our institutional experience with "complex MCA" aneurysms and analyzed single aneurysmal-related factors influencing treatment decisions. Results: We identified 14 complex cases, each exhibiting at least two complexity criteria, including fusiform shape (57%), large size (35%), giant size (21%), vessel branching from the sac (50%), intrasaccular thrombi (35%), and previous clipping/coiling (14%). In 92% of cases, the aneurysm had a wide neck, and 28% exhibited tortuosity or stenosis of proximal vessels. Conclusions: The optimal management of complex MCA aneurysms depends on a decision-making algorithm that considers various complexity criteria. In a modern medical setting, this process helps clarify the choice of treatment strategy, which should be tailored to factors such as aneurysm morphology and patient characteristics, including a combination of endovascular and surgical techniques.