Classical Aspects Research Articles

A pragmatic comprehension of scientific and classical aspects of Rachana Sharir—A systematic review

Ayurveda, a flourishing traditional medical system renowned for its extensive knowledge, includes Rachana Sharir as a fundamental subject. Rachana Sharir Vigyan explores the anatomical aspects (Rachna) of the human body. The immense knowledge of the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda is not comprehensively described yet. The Samhitas and Vedas of Indian literature by different acharyas elaborate on how the human body evolved from a combination of Panchamahabhutas and Atma (Chetana). This review aims to elucidate the classical aspects of Rachana Sharir from Ayurvedic texts and establish correlations with contemporary scientific knowledge. Classical texts such as the Samhitas authored by various acharyas were systematically reviewed to gather insights into the origin, anatomical positions, numerical compositions, and classifications of human body parts, organs, tissues, and systems. The review reveals detailed principles and concepts from Ayurvedic literature, emphasizing contributions from Acharya Sushruta in the Sharir Sthana, particularly his meticulous descriptions of cadaveric studies and preservation techniques. Classical books explained the origins of human bodily parts, their anatomical placements, organs, tissues, systems, and more. These fall under human anatomy (Rachana Sharir), and this article explains its classical aspect with scientific and modern science linkages. In Sharir Sthana, one of Ayurveda’s main principles, cadaveric research and preservation, is beautifully illustrated by Acharya Sushruta. Ayurveda has scientific principles, logic, and subtle knowledge that we must explore to apply its gifts to humanity. This essay shows that Samhitas contains pragmatic and scientific knowledge. Ayurveda combines science and philosophy. Ayurvedic knowledge’s pragmatic and scientific usefulness beyond textual content must be explored and validated to maximize its benefits for humanity.

Mesoscale modeling of deformations and defects in thin crystalline sheets

We present a mesoscale description of deformations and defects in thin, flexible sheets with crystalline order, tackling the interplay between in-plane elasticity, out-of-plane deformation, as well as dislocation nucleation and motion. Our approach is based on the Phase-Field Crystal (PFC) model, which describes the microscopic atomic density in crystals at diffusive timescales, naturally encoding elasticity and plasticity effects. In its amplitude expansion (APFC), a coarse-grained description of the mechanical properties of crystals is achieved. We introduce surface PFC and surface APFC models in a convenient height-function formulation encoding deformation in the normal direction. This framework is proven consistent with classical aspects of strain-induced buckling, defect nucleation on deformed surfaces, and out-of-plane relaxation near dislocations. In particular, we benchmark and discuss the results of numerical simulations by looking at the continuum limit for buckling under uniaxial compression and at evidence from microscopic models for deformation at defects and defect arrangements, demonstrating the scale-bridging capabilities of the proposed framework. Results concerning the interplay between lattice distortion at dislocations and out-of-plane deformation are also illustrated by looking at the annihilation of dislocation dipoles and systems hosting many dislocations. With the novel formulation proposed here, and its assessment with established approaches, we envision applications to multiscale investigations of crystalline order on deformable surfaces.

Analysis of peristalsis transport in flow of non-Newtonian fluid with modified Darcy’s law

Nanofluids present novel applications in various era of engineering and medical sciences like lubricants, medication delivery, cancer treatment, and microchip cooling. Investigating the peristaltic transport of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Williamson nanofluid model in a horizontally asymmetrical channel is the main goal of this article. A porous medium allows the flow to take place according to the revised Darcy’s law. Hybrid nanoparticles based on aluminum oxide are used to improve the thermal properties. The classical aspects with implementation of Buongiorno approach namely thermophoretic effects and Brownian impact is elaborated. The extension in heat equations is proceeded with utilization of Joule heating and viscous dissipation outcomes. There are no-slip conditions linked to the channel borders. By adhering to the lubricating strategy and employing the homotopy perturbation method, the issues are resolved. Graphs and tables are used for physical analysis of the relevant parameters. It is examined that velocity profile enhances due to Darcy parameter in both channel walls. The temperature profile for hybrid nanofluid increases for Brinkman number. Low concentration profile is claimed for activation energy parameter. Current results incorporate the applications in thermal engineering, nuclear systems, roller pumps, heat transfer devices, chemical engineering, etc.

Why and how we should talk about pedagogical tact

ABSTRACT Our contribution argues for some differentiations in the recurring debates about pedagogical tact. To this end, we will proceed in three steps. First we will refer to classical aspects of pedagogical tact such as its intermediate function between general conceptions and the specifics of concrete pedagogical situations. In a second step we will refer to Plessner and highlight that underlying the pedagogical dimensions of tact there are social dimensions of tactful behavior. Thirdly, we further develop this aspect by asking about the current social framings of tact in pedagogical fields. Our argument is that the contextualizing of tact is relevant in two ways: First, it can prevent us from placing overly high expectations on individual action. Second, it directs our attention to the fact that tact also manifests itself in how we deal with the social framing of pedagogical arrangements and not just in the actions within these arrangements.

Some Aspects of Maxwell’s Equations, Klein-Gordon Equations, and Heat and Mass Transfer Equations in an n-Dimensional Maximally Symmetric Space-Time from the Classical and Quantum Mechanical Standpoints

This manuscript examines Maxwell’s equations, Klein-Gordon equations, and heat and mass transfer equations in n-dimensional maximally symmetric space-time. It investigates these equations in spherical and hyperbolic spaces embedded in higher-dimensional Euclidean and Minkowski spaces. The study focuses on the implications of these geometries and symmetries on the behaviour of the equations, highlighting how specific transformations and parametrizations impact their solutions. The findings reveal the underlying connections between geometric symmetries and physical laws, providing insights into their possible applications in theoretical physics. We touch upon both classical and quantum mechanical aspects of density and velocity evolutions with time in the universe. Quantum mechanical aspects of single and two-particle state evolution and statistical moments of the matter four-current are derived from the quantum Boltzmann equation and Feynman’s path integral method for fields applied to gravity interacting with electrons and positrons.

A revisit to classical and quantum aspects of Raychaudhuri equation and possible resolution of singularity

In this review, we provide a concrete overview of the Raychaudhuri equation, Focusing Theorem and convergence conditions in a plethora of backgrounds and discuss the consequences. We also present various classical and quantum approaches suggested in the literature that could potentially mitigate the initial big-bang singularity and the black-hole singularity.

Syphilis for dermatologists: Current concepts

Dermatologists are familiar with the classic aspects of syphilis. Our objective in this update is to display novel features of sexually acquired syphilis, its pathophysiology, natural history, atypical clinical variants, skin of color, clinical pearls, and prospects. Textbook knowledge, congenital syphilis, epidemiology, and historical data are excluded.

Polynomial algebras from commutants: Classical and Quantum aspects of 𝒜3

We review some aspects of the Racah algebra R(n), including the closure relations, pointing out their role in superintegrability, as well as in the description of the symmetry algebra for several models with coalgebra symmetry. The connection includes the generic model on the (n − 1) sphere. We discuss an algebraic scheme of constructing Hamiltonians, integrals of the motion and symmetry algebras. This scheme reduces to the Racah algebra R(n) and the model on the (n − 1) sphere only for the case of specific differential operator realizations. We review the method, which allows us to obtain the commutant defined in the enveloping algebra of 𝔰𝔩(n) in the classical setting. The related 𝒜3 polynomial algebra is presented for the case 𝔰𝔩(3). An explicit construction of the quantization of the scheme for 𝒜3 by symmetrization of the polynomial and the replacement of the Berezin bracket by commutator and symmetrization of the polynomial relations is presented. We obtain the additional quantum terms. These explicit relations are of interest not only for superintegrability, but also for other applications in mathematical physics.

Challenges Experienced by South African Indigenous Musicians: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Framed within social constructivism theory, this article argued that government, organisations, and stakeholders could foster and promote collaboration, community engagement, cultural recognition and policy advocacy to address the socio-economic challenges faced by Indigenous African musicians. With an increasing number of indigenous African musicians who greatly contribute to the country’s cultural landscape, South Africa is well renowned for its incredibly rich and diversified heritage of music. However, due to modern influences and globalisation, there are growing concerns that indigenous African musicians are facing significant obstacles in the music industry that have implications for preserving and promoting cultural heritage. A sensitive endeavour that calls for careful navigation and adaptation is balancing classical aspects with modern musical genres. It was against this background that this article set out to critically discuss and raise awareness of the challenges experienced by South African Indigenous musicians. A qualitative research method was adopted together with critical discourse analysis as the primary methodology. The findings of this article pointed out that indigenous African musicians face several socio-economic challenges in pursuing their artistic careers. The findings of this article affirmed that there is a need to empower indigenous African musicians through educational programmes and financial support from various stakeholders to preserve South African culture, identity, and indigenous languages in the globalised world. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Indigenous African Musicians, Indigenous Languages, Socio-economy, Sociomusicology

Preclinical motor chunking and fine motor skill learning in fixed prosthodontics: Contribution of 3D printing and satisfaction of dental students.

In fixed prosthodontics, simulators are essential to students for a progressive transition from preclinical to clinical condition. With the 3D printing technology, we developed resin bars allowing students to better visualise by motor chunking technique. Main objectives of this work were to describe this teaching methodology used in preclinic among different promotions of second, third and fourth dental years and to evaluate students' feedback. Two hundred seventy resin strips were digitally designed and printed in resin. All participants from second, third and fourth had to fulfil a User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) after the preclinical work. The scales of this questionnaire covered the complete impression of the user experience. Both classical aspects of usability (efficiency, insight and reliability) and aspects of user experience (originality, stimulation) were measured. For the second dental years, 'Attractiveness', 'Stimulation' and 'Novelty' were considered 'Excellent'. For the third dental year, novelty average was considered as 'Excellent'. For the fourth dental year, 'novelty' was considered as 'Good'. The resin plates used in this study are original and stimulating for the students, especially for the second-year dental students who found the exercises useful for their learning. This method can also be used by creating scenarios close to the clinical situations encountered in dentistry departments (more dilapidated teeth, preparation of inlays, post and core, etc.). This 3D printed simulation model is not intended to replace the Frasaco® models but is a complement to the learning process.

Borrelia burgdorferi Infection-Induced Persistent IgM Secretion Controls Bacteremia, but Not Bacterial Dissemination or Tissue Burden.

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease in humans. In small rodents, the natural reservoir species of this spirochete, infections lead to only modest disease manifestations, despite causing persistence infection. Although B cell responses are central for controlling bacterial tissue burden and disease manifestations, they lack classical aspects of T-dependent responses, such as sustained IgG affinity maturation and longevity, corresponding with a rapid collapse of germinal centers. Instead, the Ab response is characterized by strong and ongoing secretion of IgM, whose origins and impact on protective immunity to B. burgdorferi remain unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that B. burgdorferi infection-induced IgM in mice was produced continuously, mainly by conventional B, not B-1 cells, in a T-independent manner. Although IgM was passively protective and restricted early bacteremia, its production had no effects on bacterial dissemination into solid tissues, nor did it affect Borrelia tissue burden. The latter was controlled by the induction of bactericidal IgG, as shown comparing infections in wild type mice with those of mice lacking exclusively secreted IgM-/-, all class-switched Abs via deletion of aicda (AID-/-), and all secreted Abs (secreted IgM-/- × AID-/-). Consistent with the notion that B. burgdorferi infection drives production of IgM over more tissue-penetrable IgG, we demonstrated increased short- and long-term IgM Ab responses also to a coadministered, unrelated Ag. Thus, the continued production of IgM may explain the absence of B. burgdorferi in the blood.

New formulations for two location problems with interconnected facilities

This paper studies two location problems with interconnected facilities. In the first problem, all customers need to be served by open facilities, and in the second (covering) variant a penalty is imposed for customers that cannot receive the service. Compared to the standard facility location setting, an additional constraint is imposed asking that all open facilities are interconnected, i.e., all open facilities need to be within a given radius of each other. These problems combine classical facility location aspects with network design, and we exploit this link to derive new mixed integer programming models. The strength of these models is investigated both theoretically and empirically. An extensive computational study is conducted on a set of benchmark instances from the literature, in which branch-and-cut, Benders decomposition and compact models are assessed in terms of the runtime and the resulting gaps.

Late-time evolution of the flat Friedmann universe over non-Archimedean space

The paper discusses the classical and quantum aspects of the dynamics of the flat Friedmann model of the universe in the late phase of its evolution, predominantly determined by the cosmological constant [Formula: see text]. In the classical part, the Lagrangian of the model is expressed in the Minkowski space and in the Euclidean space in the form of the Lagrangian of the inverted oscillator and the Lagrangian of the standard linear harmonic oscillator, respectively. The classic actions and Feynman propagators were determined as well as the dependence of the scale factor on time in the case of the Minkowski-type metric. Within the quantum part, the asymptotic form of the Wheeler–DeWitt wave function of the model in the considered expanding phase was first determined, and then the vacuum [Formula: see text]-adic states with the specific conditions of their existence. In the generalized adelic approach, a vacuum adelic wave function is constructed, whose form implies minisuperspace discretization.

STUDIES ON CENTIPEDE ECOLOGY (MYRIAPODA: CHILOPODA) A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

As predatory soil macroinvertebrates, centipedes are often considered groups used for soil community studies. However, research explicitly targeting centipede ecology remains relatively scarce. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a formal literature review and scientometric analysis of worldwide publications on the ecology of centipedes, specifically focusing on research studies conducted in Romania. We utilized articles published after 1990 and available in Web of Science collections under Ecology Research Area. As supported by the authors’ keywords co-citation networks, classical aspects of centipedes ecology, such as environmental requirements and tolerances of a particular species, seem to be hidden mainly within taxonomy and faunistic papers. Community ecology approaches are better delimited under the umbrella of biodiversity. Among these, ecotoxicology and food webs topics stand out, the latter being the subject of some of the most cited papers. The study also investigated collaboration groups and the countries supporting research in the field of centipede ecology. In Romania, Zachiu Matic studied the altitudinal distribution of centipedes in two mountain ranges, providing valuable insights into elevation limits for certain species. Additionally, Matic discussed synecological data on centipede communities in oak forests. Another researcher, Radu Gava, compared centipede diversity in different forest types, including oak, beech, and alder forests. Overall, the analysis revealed that the growth of articles on the ecology of centipedes had not followed a growing trend over the years, both internationally and locally. This stagnation suggests that certain limitations may still hinder research development in this field. However, the study sheds light on the existing research landscape and highlights specific areas for further investigation.

Max-product Shepard operators based on multivariable Taylor polynomials

In this paper, by using multivariable Taylor polynomials and also the max-product operation, we give a nonlinear modification of the classical Shepard operators. This modification enables us to obtain better approximation behavior than the classical aspects studied by Shepard (1968) and Farwig (1986). We also discuss the effects of regular summability methods in the approximation. At the end of the paper, we give some applications and graphical simulations verifying our approximation results.

The classical and quantum implications of the Raychaudhuri equation in f(T)-gravity

The present work deals with the classical and quantum aspects of the Raychaudhuri equation (RE) in the framework of f(T)-gravity theory. In the background of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-time, the RE has been formulated and used to examine the focusing theorem and convergence condition for different choices of f(T). Finally in quantum cosmology, the wave function of the Universe has been shown to be the energy eigen function of the time-independent Schrödinger equation of a particle. Also probability measure on the minisuperspace has been examined at zero volume for singularity analysis in the quantum regime. Lastly, the Bohmian trajectory for the present quantum system has been explicitly determined for some particular choices.

On some classical and quantum mechanical aspects of light in an optical fiber

On some classical and quantum mechanical aspects of light in an optical fiber

Non classical interaction aspects to a nonlinear physical model

This study deals the dynamics of waves to the conformable fractional (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov (NNV) equations. The (2+1)-dimensional NNV equations are the isotropic Lax integrable extension of the (1+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries equations. Fractional differential models (FDMs) from the corresponding integer order model can describes more complex behavior and even cover all properties of integer order model. By the usage of different test approaches, the Hirota bilinear method (HBM) has been successfully applied. The Hirota method is a well-known and reliable mathematical tool for finding the soliton solutions of fractional nonlinear partial differential equations in many fields. However, it demands bilinearization of nonlinear fractional PDE. A class of results in the shapes of lump-periodic, breather-type and two wave solutions have been extracted. Numerical visualizations of the results are also used to demonstrate the implications of the fractionality and parameters. It is acceptable to assume that many experts in engineering models will learn from this research. The results prove the used algorithm is effective, quick, easy, and flexible in its application to various systems.

Context expectation influences the gait pattern biomechanics

Beyond classical aspects related to locomotion (biomechanics), it has been hypothesized that walking pattern is influenced by a combination of distinct computations including online sensory/perceptual sampling and the processing of expectations (neuromechanics). Here, we aimed to explore the potential impact of contrasting scenarios (“risky and potentially dangerous” scenario; “safe and comfortable” scenario) on walking pattern in a group of healthy young adults. Firstly, and consistently with previous literature, we confirmed that the scenario influences gait pattern when it is recalled concurrently to participants’ walking activity (motor interference). More intriguingly, our main result showed that participants’ gait pattern is also influenced by the contextual scenario when it is evoked only before the start of walking activity (motor expectation). This condition was designed to test the impact of expectations (risky scenario vs. safe scenario) on gait pattern, and the stimulation that preceded walking activity served as prior. Noteworthy, we combined statistical and machine learning (Support-Vector Machine classifier) approaches to stratify distinct levels of analyses that explored the multi-facets architecture of walking. In a nutshell, our combined statistical and machine learning analyses converge in suggesting that walking before steps is not just a paradox.

Macrolinguistic function in temporal lobe epilepsy: a reinterpretation of circumstantiality

ABSTRACT Background While language is frequently explored in stroke and focal lesions, complex language disorders in paroxysmal conditions remain relatively underexplored. Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often have an impairment of conversational language manifesting as verbosity and attributable to disruption of cognitive-linguistic networks. The micro- and macrolinguistic underpinnings of this disturbance, and the role of epilepsy and cognitive variables, are yet to be explored. Methods and Procedures We examined the elicited language output of 16 individuals with TLE and 14 healthy controls under separate monologic discourse tasks: a structured and constrained context, elicited by description of the ‘Cookie Theft’ picture, and an unstructured, unconstrained context, elicited by description of a ‘Typical Day’. We hypothesised that language output in the unstructured context would be characterised by verbosity to a greater extent than language elicited in a structured context. Outcomes and Results Following transcription and coding, detailed multi-level discourse analysis suggested that a constrained context gives rise to microlinguistic disturbances in individuals with TLE, reducing fluency, with more pauses and fillers. Under an unconstrained context, as anticipated, classical aspects of verbosity emerge in those with TLE, manifesting as longer speaking time, a longer duration of pauses, and a higher proportion of repetitive or redundant statements. Macrolinguistic elements such as coherence and informativeness are widely impacted, particularly disturbing language formulation. Correlations suggest that microlinguistic disturbances are closely linked with the immediate impact of seizures on cognitive-linguistic function, while macrolinguistic disturbances are more broadly impacted by disorder severity and word retrieval deficits. Conclusions These findings suggest that cognitive-linguistic disturbances in TLE produce vulnerability to different psycholinguistic impairments as a function of differing linguistic challenges imposed by constrained and unconstrained discourse contexts. Where constrained, output fluency is primarily affected, while in an unconstrained context disturbed discourse planning and organisation declares itself. We conclude that these patterns reflect a dynamic linguistic system taking shape under specific contextual conditions.