ABSTRACT This poem traces a dialectic between Christian and pagan symbolism through their echoing and reechoing ideas and images. Milton scants the conventional Christmas narrative of Virgin and manger to treat the Incarnation's historical and conceptual circumstances. The birth of Christ opposes a new mythology to religions flourishing at the time, yet borrows substantially from them. Christianity thus reflects these religions in principle, but brings peace where there was disorder, music where there was discord, lightness in place of darkness, virtue instead of sin, glory instead of shame. Since the identity of Christ is formed from heathen prototypes, Milton works out a discordia concors in which Phaeton, Phoebus, Lucifer, Pan, and Hercules, together with the whole pantheon of dispossessed deities, collapse into the Christhead. This method of counterposing the pagan world, point for point, with spreading manifestations of Christ allows Milton to retain his predilection for classical heroes while still proclaiming their rejection.