Classical Control Research Articles

Effect of Dramatic Storytelling on Emergent Literacy in EFL: Evidence from the UAE Kindergartens

ABSTRACT Adopting a combination of quasi-experiment and formative research design, this study developed, implemented, and evaluated an intervention model that provided the kindergartners with intensive experiences with dramatic storytelling. The samples were 200 children from 10 classes of three kindergartens in Abu Dhabi, the UAE, with 107 in intervention classes, and 93 in control classes. The intervention program covered four English dramatic stories that were taught in 16 sessions in eight weeks. The dramatic storytelling sessions were characteristic of use of print copy of storybook and dramatization. Quantitative data were collected through structured observation of the child’s classroom activities and parent survey on the child’s learning EFL at home. General linear model repeated measures revealed that the main effects of group (intervention and control) and time (pre- and post-intervention) in predicting the mean scores of the composite of classroom activities and the child’s action to learn EFL at home were significant. This study offered a micro-curriculum model of a dramatic storytelling approach to EFL teaching, which may serve as a conceptual framework for developing kindergarten-based EFL curriculum in the UAE and similar contexts.

Fostering social-emotional competencies to improve social functioning, social inclusion, and school well-being: Results of a cluster non-randomized pilot study

BackgroundThe development of social competencies is key for enhancing both cognitive and non-cognitive skills among students. These competencies are central to students' ability to function socially, feel included, and experience overall well-being within the school environment. Schools can play an active role in promoting and shaping these outcomes by implementing various strategies. This study presents and reports on the outcomes of a six-week social-emotional intervention program implemented by class teachers. MethodsThe pilot study employed a two-arm cluster non-randomized trial with a pretest-post-test design. The study evaluates students' social competencies as the primary outcome and social functioning, social inclusion, and school well-being as the secondary outcomes. Students in the intervention group participated in a six-week social-emotional learning intervention, attending two sessions each week, while the control classes followed the regular curriculum. ResultsData were collected from both teachers and students. Student-reported data were collected from 266 students (n = 124 girls, n = 142 boys) aged 8 to 14 (M = 9.84) and from teachers on 212 students (n = 92 girls; n = 115 boys). Results of the linear mixed model analysis showed for teacher reporting on students’ outcomes a decrease in internalizing (β = -0.85, p = 0.035) and externalizing behavior problems for students in intervention classes (β = -6.84, p = 0.020). No significant changes were observed in social-emotional competencies, social inclusion and school well-being. ConclusionAfter the social-emotional intervention program reduced internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were observed, with age moderating both outcomes. The results are consistent with previous research; however, they also suggest that the intervention could benefit from adjustments, such as a longer implementation period and follow-up evaluation. External factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and repeated school closures at the time of the study may have impacted the results additionally.

The Effect Of Using Kahoot Media On Chemistry Material On Student Interest And Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using kahoot media on chemistry material on interest and learning outcomes. This study used a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a pretest and posttest control group design research design. The study population was class X IPA learners consisting of 5 classes totalling 154 people and the sample in the study of class X IPA totalling 30 people as an experimental class and 30 people as a control class. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and questions. The research shows that there are differences in learning outcomes before and after treatment. Before the t-test was carried out, the normality and homogeneity tests were first carried out and the data was found to be normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing using the t-test with a significance value of 0.000 means that the sig value <0.05. So that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of Kahoot users as learning media on learning interest and learning outcomes of learners in chemistry material and there is a correlation between interest and learning outcomes in chemistry subjects.

DIGITAL TEACHING MATERIAL OF SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE THEME WITH ETHNO-PJBL TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND CREATIVE THINKING ABILITIES

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of digital teaching materials on the theme of sustainable lifestyle integrated with Ethno-PjBL on knowledge and creative thinking skills in learning in the Merdeka Curriculum. Theoretical Framework: The idea behind the development of digital learning materials on the theme of sustainable lifestyle is to promote awareness and practice of sustainability among students through the integration of technology in learning. By combining a project-based learning model enriched by local cultural values (Ethno-PjBL), students are not only invited to understand the concept of sustainable lifestyle, but also how to apply it in their cultural context. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a posttest only control group design. The sample of this study was grade X students at SMAN Kota Jambi, with the experimental class using integrated digital teaching materials ethno-PjBL and the control class using conventional learning methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results and Discussion: Digital teaching materials on sustainable lifestyle themes integrated with ethno-PjBL have a positive impact on students' knowledge and creative thinking skills. The experimental class using the digital teaching materials showed better results compared to the control class using conventional learning methods. Research Implications: The results of this study support the integration of sustainable lifestyle-themed digital teaching materials with the Ethno-PjBL approach, which not only strengthens students' academic knowledge, but also fosters creative thinking skills and awareness of local cultural values. The findings of this study can encourage educators and policy makers to further adopt and develop contextual and relevant digital teaching materials, especially those that focus on global issues such as sustainability, but are still integrated with local wisdom. The implications of this study also open up opportunities for further research to explore the potential of digital teaching materials in other subjects or at different levels of education.

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Roles in Inflammation-mediated Diseases; Current Knowledge.

The histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are mostly recognized for their involvement in regulating chromatin remodeling via histone acetylation/deacetylation, have been shown to also change several non-histone proteins to regulate other cellular processes. Acetylation affects the activity or function of cytokine receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, and transcription factors in connection to inflammation. Some small-molecule HDAC inhibitors are utilized as anticancer medications in clinical settings due to their capability to regulate cellular growth arrest, differentiation, and death. Here, we summarize our present knowledge of the innate and adaptive immunological pathways that classical HDAC enzymes control. The aim is to justify the targeted (or non-targeted) use of inhibitors against certain HDAC enzymes in inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), airways inflammation and neurological diseases.

A Novel Fractional High-Order Sliding Mode Control for Enhanced Bioreactor Performance

This research introduces a fractional high-order sliding mode control (FHOSMC) method that utilises an inverse integral fractional order, 0<β<1, as the high order on the FHOSMC reaching law, exhibiting a novel contribution in the related field of study. The application of the proposed approach into a bioreactor system via diffeomorphism operations demonstrates a notable improvement in the management of the bioreactor dynamics versus classic controllers. The numerical findings highlight an improved precision in tracking reference signals and an enhanced plant stability compared to proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller implementations within challenging disturbance scenarios. The FHOSMC effectively maintains the biomass concentration at desired levels, reducing the wear of the system as well as implementation expenses. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the convergence within time indicates substantial potential for further enhancements. Subsequent studies might focus on extending this control approach to bioreactor systems that integrate sensor technologies and the formulation of adaptive algorithms for real-time adjustments of β-type fractional-orders.

The Effect of Using Genre-Based Learning Method on Students’ Writing Descriptive Text at SMPN 1 Paranginan

This research aims to determine the effect of using the Genre-based learning method on students' writing ability. This research was prepared using quantitative experimental research with a sample of class IX students at SMP N 1 Paranginan. The number of samples in this study was 40 students and was divided into two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. The data collection instrument uses a writing test and the data collection technique uses a pre-test and post-test, while data was analyzed by using T-test Formula. From the research that has been conducted, it was found that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test. In the experimental class, the score was 53,05 and the post-test score was 81.4, while in the control class, the pre-test score was 56,1 and the post-test score was 80.95. So, it can be concluded that the use of the genre-based learning method has a great influence on improving students' writing skills at SMP N 1 Paranginan.

Virtual Field Trips Borobudur Temple Assisted with Songs in Stimulating Writing Skills of Descriptive Texts

Writing skills are crucial to basic language skills. However, observations in the field indicate that students' descriptive text writing skills are still low, especially in the aspect of content or ideas. This limitation makes it difficult for students to develop ideas, so the text does not provide enough information and description of the object. With this problem, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the virtual media field trip to Borobudur Temple, assisted by songs, in stimulating descriptive text writing skills. This quantitative research uses a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The research sample consisted of 52 students, with IV A as the experimental class and IV B as the control class, with each class totalling 26 students. The sampling technique used nonprobability sampling with saturated sampling. In the experimental class, special treatment was given, a virtual field trip to Borobudur Temple with the help of songs. In contrast, the control class only used conventional media such as pictures. Research data was collected using test techniques pretest and posttest. Then, the data analysis techniques using independent sample t-test, with the results in Sig. (2-tailed) 0.00<0,05 showing a significant influence of the virtual field trip media at Borobudur Temple assisted by songs on descriptive text-writing skills. This learning media is effective for stimulating descriptive text writing skills because it can inspire students to develop ideas based on virtual field trips and increase vocabulary through song lyrics to be translated into descriptive text.

UAV Trajectory Tracking Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative-Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller with Genetic Algorithm Parameter Tuning.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-type Quadrotors are highly nonlinear systems that are difficult to control and stabilize outdoors, especially in a windy environment. Many algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem of trajectory tracking using UAVs. However, current control systems face significant hurdles, such as parameter uncertainties, modeling errors, and challenges in windy environments. Sensitivity to parameter variations may lead to performance degradation or instability. Modeling errors arise from simplifications, causing disparities between assumed and actual behavior. Classical controls may lack adaptability to dynamic changes, necessitating adaptive strategies. Limited robustness in handling uncertainties can result in suboptimal performance. Windy environments introduce disturbances, impacting system dynamics and precision. The complexity of wind modeling demands advanced estimation and compensation strategies. Tuning challenges may necessitate frequent adjustments, posing practical limitations. Researchers have explored advanced control paradigms, including robust, adaptive, and predictive control, aiming to enhance system performance amidst uncertainties in a scientifically rigorous manner. Our approach does not require knowledge of UAVs and noise models. Furthermore, the use of the Type-2 controller makes our approach robust in the face of uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is clear from the obtained results. In this paper, robust and optimal controllers are proposed, validated, and compared on a quadrotor navigating an outdoor environment. First, a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) combined with a PID is compared to a Type-1 FLC and Backstepping controller. Second, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to provide the optimal PID-Type-2 FLC tuning. The Backstepping, PID-Type-1 FLC, and PID-Type-2 FLC with GA optimization are validated and evaluated with real scenarios in a windy environment. Deep robustness analysis, including error modeling, parameter uncertainties, and actuator faults, is considered. The obtained results clearly show the robustness of the optimal PID-Type-2 FLC compared to the Backstepping and PID-Type-1 FLC controllers. These results are confirmed by the numerical index of each controller compared to the PID-type-2 FLC, with 12% for the Backstepping controller and 51% for the PID-Type-1 FLC.

Проблеми вивчення математики в межах реалізації концепції Нової Української Школи

In this publication, we pay attention to the problems of learning mathematics in the context of the implementation of the concept of the New Ukrainian School. During preparation for publication, the following work was done. Conversations with mathematics teachers and their questionnaires were conducted. A survey of students was conducted. Sources of information in terms of informing teachers about the implementation of the concept of the New Ukrainian School and methods of teaching mathematics at the National University of Ukraine were analyzed. A comparative analysis of educational achievements of seventh-grade students who studied in experimental and control classes was made. The tasks of the final exams of high school students abroad and our graduates were analyzed.

Social and pedagogical assistance to adolescents with intellectual disabilities

Importance. One of the pressing problems of correctional psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with intellectual developmental disabilities is the possibility of early initiation of correction and the choice of effective correctional and developmental methods for the purpose of their maximum socialization. Purpose of the study: orrectional and developmental activities introduction into adaptive physical education classes to increase the social adaptation level of adolescents 14–15 years old with mild mental disability.Materials and Methods. 20 teenagers aged 14–15 years with mild mental disability, studying in a correctional school of type VIII, took part in the pedagogical experiment. Two groups are formed: a control group, studying according to a standard program for people with disabilities, and an experimental group, in which, as part of pedagogical control, 30 correctional and developmental classes, 30 minutes each, are conducted 1–2 times a week, as part of adaptive physical education classes. The tools for assessing the effectiveness of the correctional classes are: determination of the group cohesion index using K.E. Sishor’s psychometric test, determining the aggressiveness level using Bass–Darki’s questionnaire, assessing communication skills using B.A. Fedorishin’s assessment.Results and Discussion. Corrective and developmental activities carried out during adaptive physical education classes had a positive impact on the communication abilities development in adolescents aged 14–15 years with mild mental disability. After conducting a pedagogical experiment, adolescents in the experimental group significantly improved the average diagnostic test scores (p ˂ 0.05) on the following tests: K.E. Sishor’s psychometric test, B.A. Fedorishin’s communicative inclinations assessment, Bass–Darki’s questionnaire.Conclusion. The introduction of developed correctional and educational activities into the adaptive physical education classes program made it possible to increase the social adaptation level of adolescents 14–15 years old with mild mental disability.

Key Issues Review: Useful autonomous quantum machines.

Controlled quantum machines have matured significantly. A natural next step is to increasingly grant them autonomy, freeing them from time-dependent external control. For example, autonomy could pare down the classical control wires that heat and decohere quantum computers; and an autonomous quantum refrigerator recently reset superconducting qubits to near their ground states, as is necessary before a computation. Which fundamental conditions are necessary for realizing useful autonomous quantum machines? Inspired by recent quantum thermodynamics and chemistry, we posit conditions analogous to DiVincenzo's criteria for quantum computing. Furthermore, we illustrate the criteria with multiple autonomous quantum machines (refrigerators, computers, clocks, etc.) and multiple candidate platforms (neutral atoms, molecules, superconducting qubits, etc.). Our criteria are intended to foment and guide the development of useful autonomous quantum machines.

Trap cropping for insect pests in the Canadian Prairies: a review and a case study

AbstractThe Canadian Prairies are one of the major agricultural regions of the world in terms of cereal, oilseed and pulse crop production. With few exceptions, major insect pests like grasshoppers, flea beetles, Lygus bugs, wireworms and pea leaf weevils are controlled with insecticides. Wheat stem sawfly is managed through host plant resistance and endemic natural enemies, whereas cereal leaf beetle is managed through classical biological control. Large farms and short growing seasons in the region present logistical challenges to adopt time intensive pest management systems such as trap crops. Therefore, there is no adoption of trap crops even though some research has demonstrated their potential. In this article we present a brief overview of the pest status and management, and we summarize research on trap crops in the Prairies Ecozone and adjacent ecoregions. We conclude the review with some innovative research ideas to make trap cropping a more appealing pest management system in our quest to reduce dependency on chemical insecticides and increase the environmental resilience of Canadian agroecosystems.

Nonlinear control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM using input-output linearization control and sliding mode control

Today, electric machines are becoming increasingly important in all sectors (industrial drives, the automotive industry, aviation, traction systems, and agriculture, etc.). Among these machines, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) hold a significant place in the control of industrial mechanisms, automated systems, and in the fields of renewable energy like (wind energy, solar energy, and hybrid systems, etc ). Currently, in variable speed drives, the use of PMSM, especially for low power and certain special industrial applications, is replacing DC motors and asynchronous motors because they offer higher efficiency, power factor, and torque density. Moreover, PMSM do not have an excitation circuit in the rotor, which leads to reduced maintenance demands. The control of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) presents significant challenges due to their nonlinear behavior. Classical linear controllers, such as PI, perform well with linear systems that have constant parameters. However, for nonlinear systems with varying parameters, the conventional control methods may prove insufficient and exhibit a lack of robustness. To address the issues and achieve decoupled machine control, various methods have been proposed. Nonlinear robust control techniques have been extensively explored within the domain of power electronics and drive systems. Included in these, sliding mode control and nonlinear input-output feedback linearization (IOFL). Sliding mode control (SMC) is a control technique known for its excellent dynamic performance in PMSM drives. It offers high robustness and straightforward implementation in both software and hardware. However, a significant drawback of this method is the chattering phenomenon. By the way the input/output linearization control can provide good behavior in steady and dynamic regimes and also provides good decoupling between system variables. This article presents a design of tow control laws based on sliding mode and feedback linearization controller based on input-output feedback linearization to adjust the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). To highlight the effectiveness of the designed controllers, a comparison was carried out Matlab Simulink, revealing that the feedback linearization controller outperforms the SMC.

Adaptive Position Control of Electrohydraulic Servo Systems with Parameter Uncertainty using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm

In this paper, we present a robust adaptive backstepping-based controller for precise positioning of the spool valve in an Electro-Hydraulic Servo System (EHSS) under conditions of parameter fluctuations. Classical control strategies, such as PID and linear controllers, often struggle with the nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties inherent in EHSS, leading to poor tracking performance and instability. To overcome these limitations, we employ the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize the controller parameters, minimizing both the tracking error and control signal. The proposed controller ensures uniform ultimate boundedness of the error and control signal by utilizing a Lyapunov-based stability criterion, which guarantees that errors do not exceed a predefined bound despite uncertainties and disturbances. Simulation results validate the robustness and effectiveness of the control scheme, even in the presence of parameter variations. Additionally, a comparative analysis with sliding mode control highlights the superior performance of the proposed method, particularly in providing smoother control signals and reducing chattering while ensuring stability.

The Impact of the Pirie-Kieren Theory on Developing Fraction Understanding in Third-Grade Students

This study aims to examine the impact of applying the Pirie-Kieren theory to enhance third-grade students' understanding of fractions in Kosovo. Fractions are a foundational concept in mathematics, essential for both mathematical competency and general education. However, comprehending fractions remains a major challenge for students, educators, and parents worldwide, including in countries with well-established traditions in mathematics education. By incorporating the Pirie-Kieren theory into the design of instructional programs and textbooks, the content is structured in a coherent and logical progression. This method ensures that each learning unit builds on previously acquired knowledge, thereby transforming present learning into a strong foundation for future understanding. In Kosovo, where the introduction of fractions begins in the third grade, our study utilized an experimental design with a control group, involving a total of 148 students - 80 from experimental classes and 68 from control classes - across three schools in different regions. We started by conducting a detailed analysis of curriculum components and textbooks related to fractions, identifying several didactic-methodological shortcomings, including disorganized content, inadequate visual representations, and material that was not age-appropriate. In the experimental phase, we created detailed lesson plans for teachers and worksheets for students in the experimental groups, ensuring they were in accordance with the principles of the Pirie-Kieren theory. These materials were refined with input from experts and reputable organizations such as UNESCO, the State Department, NCTM, and OECD. The study also designed a specialized test to evaluate outcomes in both the experimental and control groups. The results were analyzed using various statistical methods to compare the performance of the two groups. The study findings reveal that teaching and learning fraction-related content through the Pirie-Kieren theory/model is significantly more effective than traditional instructional methods.

<span><strong>The effectiveness of implementing learning project on the quadratic function in high school</strong></span>

Project-based learning is one of the modern teaching methods utilizing student group intelligence to perform the learning task designed by the teacher. Through this method, students can acquire knowledge and develop necessary skills in learning such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and problem-solving. This paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a learning project on the topic of the quadratic function at high school. A quasi-experimental method was conducted in one month involving two classes of tenth-grade students, consisting of an experiment and a control class (conventional learning). Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through student activity observation sheets, mathematics pre-test and post-test. This study could provide an effect of utilizing project-based learning and opportunities to implement learning projects in high schools.

The Effect of Gossiping Group Activities Toward Fluency in Speaking at the 10th Grade Of MAN 3 Agam

This research was motivated by the findings of the researcher during observations and interviews at the 10th grade of MAN 3 Agam. Researcher found that students often used pause fillers such as "hmm" and "eee", and had low vocabulary mastery that hindered fluency in speaking. They also had difficulty expressing ideas and opinions, so the speed and tempo of speaking were affected. The study aimed to determine the effect of gossiping group activities on students' speaking fluency. The study used a type of experimental research, namely a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample in this study was selected using a random technique and the selected class was XE.2 class as the control class and XE.4 class as the experimental class. Instruments in the form of oral speaking tests that had been validated with content validity and assessed with inter-rater reliability. Data analysis included prerequisite tests for normality and homogeneity, and utilized Paired sample t-Tests and Independent sample t-Tests to test hypotheses. From the results of data analysis, it was concluded that gossiping group activities had a significant effect on improving students' speaking fluency.

THE EFFECT OF USING CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FOR TENTH GRADE AT SMKN 13 BUNGO

Absract This research is experimental research. The main purpose of this research was to know is there any significance effect of clustering technique toward student’s writing ability at the ten grade of SMKN 13 Bungo in descriptive text. The implementation of clustering technique in teaching writing is one of the way to know is the effect of clustering technique in teaching writing ability or not. In this research this technique was implemented at the ten grade of OTKP SMKN 13 Bungo at second semester at 2023/ 2024 academic years. . in this research, the data obtained by researchers was normal distribution with the level of significance for the experimental class pre-test results had a significance of 0.307 and the experimental class post-test results had a significance of 0.691. Then for the level of significance from control class for pre-test was 0.071 while the post-test was 0.471. it can be conclude the pre=test and post test from experimental class and control class had normal distribution because the level of significance > 0,05.

Advanced Model with a Trajectory Tracking Stabilisation System and Feasible Solution of the Optimal Control Problem

In this study, we consider the extended optimal control problem and search for a control function in the class of feasible functions for a real control object. Unlike the classical optimal control problem, the control function should depend on the state, not time. Therefore, the control synthesis problem for the initial-state domain should be solved, instead of the optimal control problem with one initial state. Alternatively, an optimal trajectory motion stabilisation system may be constructed. Both approaches—control and trajectory motion stabilisation system syntheses—cannot be applied to real-time control, as the task is too complex. The minimum threshold of quality criteria is searched for in the space of mathematical expression codes. Among other problems, the search space is difficult to define and the gradient is hard to determine. Therefore, the advanced control object model is used to obtain a feasible control function. The advanced model is firstly obtained before solving the optimal control problem and it already includes a trajectory motion stabilisation system; in particular, this stabilisation system is synthesised in advance at the control system design stage. When the optimal control problem appears, it is solved in real time in the classical statement, and a control function is searched for as a function of time. The advanced control object model also uses the reference model to generate the optimal trajectory. The search for the optimal control function is performed in real time and considers the synthesised stabilisation system of motion along a determined trajectory. Machine learning control via symbolic regression, namely, the network operator method, is used to directly solve the control synthesis problem. An example solution of the optimal control problem, with an advanced model moving in the environment with obstacles for a group of two mobile robots, is presented. The obtained solution is a control function for a reference model that generates a trajectory from a class of trajectories stabilised with the object’s control system.