Classical Control Research Articles

The Influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model on Student's Science Process Skills and Critical Thinking

Applying the project-based learning model in learning can train and develop scientific attitudes and problem-solving skills so that students can increase creativity, innovation, and critical perspectives. This research aims to determine the effect of the project-based learning model on student's science process skills and critical thinking. The research subjects of class X Phase E. This research was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design with a non-randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. The instruments used are essay questions on science process skills and critical thinking. The test results were analyzed using Quade's rank analysis of covariance statistical test and the One Way Ancova test. The research results show that the average pretest-posttest score of experimental class students taught using the project-based learning model is higher than that of control class students taught using the problem-based learning (PBL) model. Hypothesis testing using Quade's rank analysis of Covariance and One Way Ancova tets informs that the use of the project-based (PjBL) model affects student's science process skills and critical thinking.

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Teachmint dan Keaktifan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi di SMA Negeri 4 Sumatera Barat

This research aims to analyze the influence of Teachmint learning media and active learning on the learning outcomes of class X students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 4 West Sumatra. The type of research used was quantitative with a sample of 71 students consisting of 35 experimental class students and 36 control class students. The research instrument used tests of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, discrimination, normality, homogeneity, and two-way ANOVA with the help of SPSS 18.0. The results of the research show: (1) The economic learning outcomes of students taught using Teachmint media are higher than conventional media, (2) The learning outcomes of students with high activity who are taught by Teachmint are higher than conventional, (3) The learning outcomes of students with low activity who are taught Teachmint is higher than conventional, (4) There is an interaction between learning media and active learning on students' economic learning outcomes.

Increasing the Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) Model Assisted by the PhET Application

This research seeks to assess the enhancement of third-grade elementary students' understanding of mathematical concepts comprehension through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) instructional approach, supported by the PhET application, compared to traditional teaching methods. The study employs a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. A total of 63 third-grade students participated, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through multiple techniques, such as tests, observations, discussions, and photo and video records. The assessment tool used was a descriptive test measuring mathematical concept understanding and is stated to have met the requirements for content validity, construct validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and differentiation. The data analysis technique for hypothesis testing uses IBM SPSS Statistics 2.6 software, namely the normalized n-gain hypothesis test. As indicated by the research results, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts at SDN Pancasila Lembang experienced a significant increase after receiving learning using the Team Games Tournament (TGT) instructional approach supported by the PhET application. This is proven by the results of the n-gain data test calculation, which is 0.36 in the medium category. The posttest average score for the experimental group was 67.78 and the posttest average score for the control class was 30.32. This indicates that the improvement in mathematical concept understanding in the experimental group surpasses that of the control group. Consequently, it can be concluded that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, supported by the PhET application, is a recommended alternative for enhancing elementary students' ability to grasp mathematical concepts.

The Influence of Think Talk Write Learning Model on Students' Writing Skills

This study aims to determine the influence of the Think Talk Write learning model on the ability to write announcement texts among eighth grade students at SMPN 18 Tasikmalaya in the 2023/2024 academic year. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 40 eighth-grade students, with 20 students from class VIII-D serving as the experimental group and 20 students from class VIII-A serving as the control group. Data collection was carried out using pretests and posttests. The pretest was administered to both groups before the treatment. After the treatment, a posttest was conducted for both groups. To analyze the data, the researcher used an independent sample t-test with SPSS. The average pretest score in the experimental class using the Think Talk Write learning model was 56.35, and the average posttest score was 80.70. The average pretest score in the control class using the conventional learning model was 51.65, and the posttest score was 71.40. Thus, the learning outcomes in the experimental class were more successful than those in the control class. Based on statistical testing (t-test), the difference in the average posttest scores between the experimental and control classes showed that the Sig. (2-tailed) value was less than 0.05, specifically 0.013 < 0.05. This indicates that the Think Talk Write model has a significant effect on the ability to write announcement texts among eighth-grade students at SMPN 18 Tasikmalaya in the 2023/2024 academic year.

French Language Learning Media Based on Project-Based Learning Assisted by the Pear Deck Application

The purpose of this research is to determine (1) the feasibility of learning media assisted by the Pear Deck application based on project-based learning (PjBL). (2) determine the effectiveness of PjBL-based learning media. The research method is R&D using the Borg and Gall development models. This research was conducted in class XI SMAN 1 Lubuk Pakam, totaling 28 students. The research subjects are material experts, media experts, and design experts. The research results show that: (1) the learning material expert test criteria are very good (94%); (2) the learning media expert test criteria are very good (93%); and (3) the learning design expert test criteria are very good (94%). The results of submitting a hypothesis can prove that: (1) learning media assisted by the PjBL-based Pear Deck application is suitable for use (2) The learning media assisted by the PjBL-based Pear Deck application is effective to use. The average effectiveness of students' French learning outcomes in using the PjBL-based Pear Deck Application in the experiment class was 86.42%, and the average effectiveness of the average effectiveness of students who used picture and book learning media in the control class was 49.5%. The posttest results obtained a value of Tcount = 7.08 at a significant level of α = 0.05, with dk 27 obtaining Ttable = 1.674, so that Tcount > Ttable, namely 7.08 > 1.674. The use of learning media assisted by the PjBL-based Pear Deck application is very feasible and effective.

Curriculum Design and Sim2Real Transfer for Reinforcement Learning in Robotic Dual-Arm Assembly

Robotic systems are crucial in modern manufacturing. Complex assembly tasks require the collaboration of multiple robots. Their orchestration is challenging due to tight tolerances and precision requirements. In this work, we set up two Franka Panda robots performing a peg-in-hole insertion task of 1 mm clearance. We structure the control system hierarchically, planning the robots’ feedback-based trajectories with a central policy trained with reinforcement learning. These trajectories are executed by a low-level impedance controller on each robot. To enhance training convergence, we use reverse curriculum learning, novel for such a two-armed control task, iteratively structured with a minimum requirements and fine-tuning phase. We incorporate domain randomization, varying initial joint configurations of the task for generalization of the applicability. After training, we test the system in a simulation, discovering the impact of curriculum parameters on the emerging process time and its variance. Finally, we transfer the trained model to the real-world, resulting in a small decrease in task duration. Comparing our approach to classical path planning and control shows a decrease in process time, but higher robustness towards calibration errors.

Design and implementation of audio-visual learning media for volleyball passing and serving techniques in junior high school

One of the main challenges in physical education learning is the limited availability of appropriate and interesting learning media for students. This research aimed to develop audio-visual learning media products in class VIII junior high school PE subjects on specific motion material for variations in upper passing, lower passing variations, upper service variations, and lower service variations in volleyball games. The research was conducted as development research adopted the Borg Gall model: preliminary study, planning stage and initial research product development, expert validity test stage and product revision, small- and large-scale tests, effectiveness test and distribution of learning media products. Validation of learning media development is carried out by learning material experts, learning media experts, and learning media design experts. Following the expert validation of the learning content and material by subject matter experts, the validation of the learning media by media specialists, and the validation of the learning media design, further validation conducted by an online questionnaire to gather further feedback and insights. The results were obtained in the form of audio-visual learning media products that were tested to large groups receiving a validation score of 93% from learning material experts, 94% from learning media experts, and 95% from learning media design experts. For the effectiveness test, pre and post-tests on improving volleyball passing and serving skills has done and obtained the experimental class obtained a gain value of 0.62 and the control class obtained a gain value of 0.28. This research concluded that the use of audio-visual learning media in physical education showed positive results in improving understanding, motivation, and learning outcomes of volleyball games. With the right support, this media can be an effective tool to enrich the learning experience and support the achievement of physical education goals.

The effect of kahoot application towards students’ reading comprehension at the Eleventh Grade of SMAN 1 Cijaku Lebak Banten in Academic Year 2023/2024

This research paper aims to investigate the effect of kahoot Application towards students’ Reading Comprehension at the Eleventh Grade of SMAN 1 Cijaku Lebak Banten in Academic Year 2023/2024. The method used in this research was quantitative method. The design of this research was quasi-experimental design and cluster random sampling: the researcher has chosen two classes are a control class and an experimental class. The technique in choosing the sample is cluster random sampling; the researcher used XI IPS 1 (31 students) as class control and XI IPA 2 (36 students) as class experimental. The experimental group was taught recount text in Reading comprehension used kahoot application, whereas the control group was taught used wordwall. In analyzing the data, the researcher used Independent sample t-test by SPSS 25.0 statistical computation to analyze the hypotheses test. The researcher has found the result t-count (1.727) and Significant two-tailed = 0.044 < α 0.05. From these data could be interpreted that there is a significant difference between the two groups in obtaining scores, because the result is a significance value of less than 0.05, which means Ha is accepted. According to the criteria of the test, it could be concluded that there was progress in the effect of kahoot Application towards students’ Reading Comprehension at the Eleventh Grade of SMAN 1 Cijaku Lebak Banten.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SISWA KELAS III

Learning media is a tool to make learning and teaching activities easier, so that students understand lessons more easily, while interactive media is the use of computers to combine text, graphics, audio, moving images (video and animation) into one unit with links and tools. appropriate so that it allows multimedia users to navigate, interact, create and communicate. And literacy skills are the ability to master knowledge in a particular field when someone uses reading and writing skills to deepen their understanding of a subject or topic. This research aims to determine the effect of interactive learning media on students' literacy skills. The research method used is quantitative experiment. The subjects studied were class III students at SDS Tunas Harapan, Tangerang Regency. Data collection instruments use observation, tests and documentation. The research results show that the average results of the pre-test and post-test are different, thereby indicating the influence of interactive media on literacy skills. The pre-test score before being given treatment in the form of interactive media, the score obtained by the control class was 69.5 and the experimental class was 73.7. Meanwhile, the value obtained in the post-test using interactive learning media, the value obtained by the control class was 84.9 and the experimental class was 88.9.

BOOKLET DIGITAL BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY MATERI BILANGAN CACAH MENINGKATKAN SELF REGULATION SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

The aim of this research is to develop a digital booklet based on augmented reality with whole number material to improve self-regulation of class IV students, as well as to test the effect of digital booklets based on augmented reality on self-regulation of class IV students. The method applied in this research is Research and Development (RnD) with steps in developing the ASSURE model. The experimental design used was pre-respond and post-respond with non-equivalent control group design. Based on the research results, it is known that the material validity score by material experts reached 94%, media experts reached 95%, while language experts achieved 97%, all three were categorized as very valid. Apart from that, the teacher response to the feasibility aspect reached 89% in the very feasible category. Based on student responses in the form of a questionnaire to increase self-regulation in the experimental class, the average NGain was 0.3784, while in the control class it was 0.3280. Meanwhile, to test the hypothesis using the t paired sample test, a Sig (tailed) value of 0.000 was obtained. So that 0.000<0.05, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which can be interpreted as meaning that there is an influence of augmented reality-based digital booklets on the self-regulation of class IV students at SDN 2 Tanjungsari, Blitar City.

The Influence Of Cooperative Learning Models And Learning Motivation On Student Learning Outcomes On Chemical Bond Material

This study aims to analyze the influence of cooperative learning models and learning motivation on student learning outcomes on chemical bonding materials. The background of this research is the low learning outcomes of students on complex chemical materials, especially chemical bonds, which are often caused by a lack of understanding of concepts and low student learning motivation. To overcome this problem, a cooperative learning model is proposed as an effective strategy. This study uses a quantitative method with a pseudo-experimental design involving two classes as samples: an experimental class that uses a cooperative learning model and a control class with conventional learning methods. Data collection was carried out through learning outcome tests and learning motivation questionnaires. The study results show that the cooperative learning model positively and significantly influences student learning outcomes. In addition, it was found that student learning motivation plays a role as a moderation variable that strengthens the impact of learning models on learning outcomes. In conclusion, using cooperative learning models effectively improves student learning outcomes, especially when combined with efforts to increase learning motivation. Therefore, this learning model is recommended for chemistry learning, especially in chemical bonding materials.

Application Of Self-Directed Problem-Based Learning To Improve Higher Order Thinking Skills In Vocational Education

21st-century Learning provides profound changes in the learning process in school because students must control their Learning to increase their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The statement above, in line with Malcolm Knowles's research results, states that Self-directed Learning can improve students' critical thinking through intuition and analysis experience. The problem is that in vocational education, students emphasize hard skills and practice. Learning 21st-century demands that students have soft competency to influence how they think in making decisions. Therefore, the researcher aims to determine the effect of the self-directed learning model on the students' higher-order thinking Skills in Vocational Education. The method used in this research is quantitative, using two groups, namely the experimental class and the control group, with 34 students in each class. Class Experiments get treatment of self-directed Problem-based Learning that has been developed, while the control class did not get this treatment. This learning model is applied to the Mechanics Technique Subject; then, the post-test learning outcomes are independent sample t-tested using SPSS to determine the significant effect on higher-order thinking skills in the transfer knowledge aspect. This study found that Self-directed Problem-based Learning positively impacts Higher-order Thinking Skills in Vocational Education, which can be seen from the t-test results more than t-table (3.807>1.668).

Pengaruh Media Audio Visual Terhadap Keterampilan Menyimak Siswa pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas V di Sekolah Dasar

This research aims to find out whether there is an influence of audio-visual media on listening skills in class V Indonesian Language subjects at elementary school. This research has several problems, namely the low level of listening skills in Indonesian Language learning which is caused by a lack of maximizing learning methods and media as well as a lack of student involvement in the learning process. This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative. This research sample used Purposive Sampling Technique which consisted of two classes, namely class V A with 23 students as an experimental class using audio visual media and class V B with 23 students as a control class without using media. The data collection technique used in this research is a multiple choice test. The results of the research in the experimental class were with an average pretest score of 57.97 and an average posttest score of 83.19. From the t-test hypothesis, the value of tcount is 8.653 > ttable 1.679 at the significance level (α) = 0.05 and df (n1=n1) -2 = (23+23)-2= 44. This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, it can be concluded that there is an influence of audio-visual learning media on students' listening skills in class V Indonesian language learning at elementary school for the 2023/2024 academic year.

Visual, audio, and kinesthetic students' learning independence: Improvement through the development of augmented reality media

Technology has provided new educational opportunities, but the implementation could be more optimal. Learning facilities that remain focused on conventional methods often need more learners with the Visual, Audio, and Kinesthetic (VAK) learning style. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this learning media in improving learning achievement and information retention, focusing on visual, audio, and kinesthetic learning styles. This research was a research development that used the Lee & Owens model, which consisted of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The validation result of the media was 98.5%, material validation was 100%, and learning device validation was 100%. The results of the implementation of self-assignment in the control class obtained an average of 78.8 and in the experimental class 90.5. The research concluded that learning media is practical and can help facilitate biology learning in visual, audio, and kinesthetic learning styles.

Effectiveness of Solar System Scope-Assisted PBL on Kepler Law Material Integrated with Al-Quran to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

This research is motivated by the low ability of students to understand physics subjects which are considered difficult, including the difficulties experienced namely visualizing subject matter which requires learning models and media as support to improve student learning outcomes. This research was conducted at MA Muallimin UNIVA Medan, by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by Solar System Scope media on Kepler law material integrated with the Koran which is used in the learning process to improve student learning outcomes. The research method used is experimentation which is a type of quantitative research in class X MIA 1 as an experimental class with a Probe Based Learning (PBL) learning model. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is a written test (essay) with 10 questions. It is known that the pretest and posttest data are normally distributed with a significance value of Experimental Pretest (0.078), Experimental Posttest (0.130), Control Pretest (0.200), Control Posttest (0.052) and are declared homogeneous with a significance value of Based on Mean (0.245) where the test value normality and homogeneity exceed (>) the real level used in the measurement, namely α = 0.05 or 5%. With the help of SPSS it is known that the average learning outcomes of students in the experimental class (83.07) are higher than those in the control class (79.90) so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted and the average of the experimental class is stated to be better than the average of the control class. As for the effectiveness of the experimental class with the PBL (Problem Based learning) model, it was 76.6% and the control class with the Direct Instruction learning model was 54.4%, where the experimental class was declared effective and the control class was declared less effective.

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by PhET Media on Critical Thinking Skills and Physics Learning Outcomes of High School Students

This study aims to test the effect of problem-based learning model assisted by PhET media on critical thinking skills and physics learning outcomes of high school students. The type of research used is a Quasi experiment twith a pretest posttest control group design. The population in this study were all students of class XI of SMA Negeri 5 Mataram. The research sample used class XI 3 as many as 32 people as the experimental class and class XI 2 as many as 32 people as the control class. The experimental class was given treatment using a problem-based learning model assisted by PhET media and the control class used a conventional model. The test instrument used 5 descriptive questions to measure critical thinking skills and 6 questions to measure students' physics learning outcomes. The hypothesis test used in this study was the manova test. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.007 less than 0.05, so H_0 was rejected and H_a was accepted. Based on these results, it was concluded that there was an effect of the problem-based learning model assisted by PhET media on critical thinking skills and physics learning outcomes of high school students.

Effect of Interactive E-Book to Measure Mathematical Representations on Optics in High School

This study aims to measure the effect of using interactive e-books in enhancing students' mathematical representation skills on optics material in high school. Mathematical representation involves students' ability to use mathematical symbols, graphs, and formulas to solve physics problems, particularly in the concept of optics, which is often considered abstract. The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes: an experimental class using interactive e-books as learning media and a control class using conventional methods. The results showed an improvement in mathematical representation skills in both classes, with the n-gain value of the experimental class being 0.604 and the control class being 0.557, both in the medium category. However, the experimental class demonstrated a more significant improvement compared to the control class, indicating that interactive e-books are more effective in helping students deeply understand optical concepts. The interactive features in the e-book, such as simulations and animations, provided a more engaging learning experience and helped students visualize abstract concepts. In conclusion, the use of interactive e-books has a positive impact on improving students' mathematical representation skills and can be considered an effective alternative learning medium, especially for science subjects that require better visualization and conceptual understanding.

Gen Z' Critical Thinking Skills Empowering Using E-Worksheet with Problem-Based Learning Model on Mutation Material Assisted by Bioinformatics Database

Life in the 21st century demands graduates who can think critically, innovate, collaborate, communicate, and face the changes that occur in the global world. The demands of 21st-century learning have implications for complex learning processes, requiring students' critical thinking skills. This research aims to determine the effect of electronic worksheets (e-worksheets) assisted by bioinformatics integrated with the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model to improve students' critical thinking skills at SMA Muhammadiyah Palembang. The type of research that will be used is Research & Development research. This research is the final stage of the 4D development model. The population of this research was Muhammadiyah High Schools 1, 5, and 6 in the city of Palembang (accreditation A), and the research sample included XII students and biology teachers. Research data analysis used the SPPSS program to carry out the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, homogeneity, and Wilcoxon tests. The pretest and posttest scores were calculated using the N-Gain test. The research results showed that the overall analysis data increased students' critical thinking skills in experimental and control classes. The results of the normality test of pretest and posttest critical thinking data from the three schools showed that the data was normally distributed. Differences in data on students' critical thinking skills are also known from the sig value. 0.000 < α 0.05, which can be concluded that students' critical thinking skills are higher before and after being taught compared to classes with conventional learning.

Improving Students' Science Literacy Skills through Treasure Hunting Games with Problem Based Learning Model

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with a treasure hunt game strategy on improving students' scientific literacy skills. The research method employed a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects consisted of two classes: an experimental class implementing the PBL model with the treasure hunt game strategy and a control class using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through scientific literacy tests administered before and after the intervention and analyzed using stacking and racking analysis based on the Rasch Model. The results indicated that both classes experienced an increase in scientific literacy skills, with the experimental class showing a higher average increase of 1.99 compared to the control class's 1.80. Although the percentage difference in improvement was only about 11.24%, this suggests that the PBL method with the game strategy can provide additional positive contributions to science learning. The discussion highlights the importance of proper method implementation, teacher-student interaction, and learning environment conditions in influencing learning outcomes. In conclusion, while the PBL method with the game strategy is effective in enhancing scientific literacy, a holistic approach is still needed for optimal development of students' abilities.

The Influence of the Project Based Learning Model Assisted by PhET Simulation on Students’ Critical Thinking and Problems Solving Abilities in Sound Wave Material

This research aims to test the effect of the Project Based Learning model assisted by PhET simulations on students' critical thinking and problems solving abilities in sound wave material. The type of research used was a Quasi experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study were all students in class XI Science at SMAN 3 Mataram. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique, so that XI IPA 1 was obtained as an experimental class which was given treatment using a Project Based Learning model assisted by PhET simulation and XI IPA 2 as a control class using a conventional model. The test instrument used is a description of 12 question items consisting of 7 question items to measure critical thinking abilities and 5 question items to measure problem solving abilities. The hypothesis test used in this research is one-way MANOVA. The results of the hypothesis test show that the significance value of 0.001 is less than 0.05, so H_0 is rejected and H_a is accepted. Based on these results, it was concluded that there was an influence of the Project Based Learning model assisted by PhET simulations on students' critical thinking and problems solving abilities in sound wave material.