Training Classes Research Articles

Development of endurance of cadets of higher military educational institutions of Ukraine

The constant participation of military personnel in combat operations for the protection of our state is saturated with the performance of various actions in difficult conditions and carries a danger to their lives. In order to preserve the lives of servicemen, great attention is paid to their training, especially physical training. Physical training of military personnel of Ukraine is always the subject of research by specialists, especially cadets - future officers. Endurance plays one of the key roles in the training of military personnel in today's conditions for the performance of functional duties to protect the state during war. The article highlights the problems of endurance as one of the main physical qualities during physical training classes for cadets of higher military educational institutions of Ukraine. The level of physical fitness of candidates for admission to higher military educational institutions of Ukraine and cadets of the first and second year of training at the Academy was studied and analyzed, suggestions and changes were made to the level of indicators regarding the possibilities of implementation to the standards of the Armed Forces of NATO countries. Based on the above, it is necessary to strengthen the physical readiness of military personnel to perform their functional duties during official activities with endurance.

Protocol for evaluating the effects of integrating music with taekwondo training in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are known to experience difficulties in coordinating fine- and gross-motor movement. Previous interventional studies have reported significant effect of exercise-based intervention programs on improving motor skills and alleviating symptoms in ASD; however, researchers are yet to know why some participants experienced less improvement than others. One plausible explanation for suboptimal treatment outcomes is insufficient engagement in the exercise programs due to the children's difficulties in following instructions and performing the correct movements. In the proposed research, we will test the above speculation by manipulating the amount of music-therapy elements into a 10-week Taekwondo training program designed specifically for children with autism. This is a randomized controlled trial. Seventy-two children aged 7 to 9 years who meet the diagnostic criteria of ASD will be recruited and randomized into either the "Taekwondo training with elements of music therapy" group or the "Taekwondo training alone" group. In both groups, the participating children will attend Taekwondo training sessions twice a week over 10 consecutive weeks. In the "Taekwondo training with elements of music therapy" group, elements of music therapy will be incorporated into the Taekwondo training. Assessment will be conducted before the program commences, immediately after the completion of the 10-week program, and 2 months after the post-test. The outcome domains to be evaluated include the immediate effects during the exercise sessions. These effects include the level of engagement in the exercise sessions (primary outcome), enjoyment, physical activity level, and rate of perceived exertion. Furthermore, the evaluation will also cover the overall effects of the training program on gross motor skills, Taekwondo skills performance, executive function, psychosocial functioning, and behavioral problems. The findings of this study will inform strategies for the promotion of physical activity and engagement among children with ASD when participating in exercise training classes. The study will also suggest the importance of regular physical activity for the physical and mental well-being of children with ASD. Clinical trial registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06277778. Registered on 15 February 2024.

Effect of Cinnamon Essential Oil on the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting of Cancer Patients

Background: Despite progress made in antiemetic control, most cancer patients still experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In oncology departments, nurses can evaluate the effects of complementary therapies such as use of essential oil on reducing nausea and vomiting of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effect of cinnamon essential oil on the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This is a two-group experimental study with a pretest-posttest design that was conducted between January 20 and March 15 of the year 2020. Through convenience sampling, 70 patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting were recruited to participate in this study. The participants were randomly allocated to two control and intervention groups. A pad moistened with 2 ml of isotonic saline and 0.2 ml of cinnamon essential oil was first placed inside a plastic bag, and then patients in the intervention group were asked to take three deep breaths while their face was towards the bag for two times at five-minute intervals. Patients in the control group used a placebo (a pad moistened with 2 ml of isotonic saline) instead of cinnamon essential oil during the intervention period. Participants in the two groups received routine antiemetic treatment. Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the severity of nausea and vomiting was measured in both groups before the intervention. For this reason, the severity of nausea and vomiting was measured after the first three breaths, and then after the second three breaths. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using independent t-test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Repeated measures ANOVA were also used to evaluate nausea and vomiting between the two groups across times. The significant level of 0.05 was considered for all tests. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics and the severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting before the intervention. The severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the cinnamon group than the control group after the first 3.08 (0.55), (F2 = 13.27, p < 0.001) and second breaths 1.91 (0.33) (F2 = 11.39, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Nurses can educate patients and their families to use of cinnamon essential oil. Nursing managers can also emphasize on the use of cinnamon essential oil, which is one of the non-pharmacological, low-cost, and effective methods of reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, by holding in-service training classes.

Побудова підвідних мікроциклів у тренувальному процесі висококваліфікованих хокеїстів на траві

According to the theory of sports training periodization, microcycles are among the most significant structural components of an athlete's training process. Preparatory microcycles are characterized by specific features, necessitating separate scientific investigation. The purpose of the study. To develop the structure and content of preparatory microcycles of varying durations for the training process of highly qualified field hockey players. Materials and methods of the study. The study involved highly qualified field hockey players, members of the national team of Ukraine (n=23). The players' sports qualification was "Master of Sports of Ukraine." The research was conducted using methods such as theoretical analysis of literature, pedagogical observation, monitoring of training work, and heart rate monitoring. Results. A structure and content for preparatory microcycles of varying durations were developed. The components of the structure and content include: elements of training work; workload volume; workload focus; training means (non-specific and specific); types of training work – general physical training (GPT), specialized physical training (SPT), technical and tactical training (TTT), gameplay training (GPT), competitive activity (CA); training duration; workload volume (LV); training load intensity coefficient (TLIC); time allocated for recovery and theoretical training; training days; morning (MT) and evening (ET) sessions; duration and intensity of exercises. Conclusions. When building water microcycles, it is important to follow a rational sequence of various training classes, taking into account the types of intensity coefficient of the training load ( ). In particular, The intensity coefficient of the training load ( ) is: for developmental training is 4,4–8,5 points•min⁻¹; for maintenance training 4,4–4,8 points•min⁻¹, for restorative and maintenance training – 3,8 and less point•min⁻¹.Competitive activity within the microcycle leading is conducted with – 9,5 and more points•min⁻¹.

Dynamic pricing optimization for high-speed railway based on passenger flow assignment.

In order to improve the operation efficiency and market competitiveness, how to optimize the ticket pricing strategy of high-speed railway to match the dynamic supply-demand relationship was an urgent problem to be studied. Taking differentiated passenger demand and supply trains as the research object, the space-time service network based on train timetable was constructed. The generalized cost formula and travel utility formula of passenger travel were proposed, which contained economy, rapidity, convenience, comfort, and route correlation cost. A multi-objective dynamic pricing model was proposed. The model aimed at maximize the corporate revenue and maximize passenger travel benefit, and was solved by large neighborhood search heuristic algorithm and path size logit assignment based on capacity constraint-passenger flow increment accurate algorithm. Based on real data, the Shandong circular high-speed railway case compared the average total revenue under different ticket price adjustment ranges and the ticket price for different classes of trains under different OD levels. The case proved the practicability of dynamic pricing adjustment strategy considering train classification, which could provide a reference for the ticket price management of high-speed railway.

Fusion of residual network and t-SNE-CS for 2D visualization of open set recognition

Open set recognition (OSR) is a technique employed to ascertain whether unknown data belongs to a class in a database when the training class is incomplete. In addressing the OSR challenge associated with ADS-B leading pulse signals, this paper proposes a two-dimensional visualization of open set recognition (VOSR) approach that encompasses the stages of feature extraction, feature selection, and feature learning levels. At the feature extraction level, the I/Q features and phase features of the signal are selected; at the feature selection level, feature similarity analysis and mean decrease impurity-based random forest are employed; at the feature learning level, the framework of fusion residual network and the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and circular surfaces (t-SNE-CS) strategy is constructed, and experiments are carried out on the close set data containing 20 classes of 10,229 samples and open set data containing 10 classes of 1,688 samples. Results show that the accuracy of the optimal combination of the residual network and the constructed features is 94.63% for the test set for the close set classification task. For the VOSR task, the accuracy of the test set is 93.69%, the open set recognition accuracy is 53.97% and Macro-F1 scores is 91.8%.

METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TRAINING MILITARY PERSONNEL IN SHOOTING FROM STATE WEAPONS

Based on the theoretical model of the process of training athletes in technical and tactical skills and abilities, using the results of the study of the patterns of interrelation of elements in the system of movements, and taking into account the specifics of the type of activity, the composition and structure of the process of training military personnel in the technique of shooting from standard weapons have been developed. In order to further develop the theory and methods of training military personnel in the technique and tactics of shooting from standard weapons, using the method of expert assessments, the focus and significance of methodological provisions reflecting the patterns of teaching the technique and tactics of motor actions at the stages of training military personnel in shooting from standard weapons have been determined. A system of didactic (specific) principles has been developed regulating the activities of the head of physical training classes in solving specific problems of the stages of training military personnel in the technique and tactics of shooting from standard weapons.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТВОРЧИХ ЗАВДАНЬ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ІСТОРІЇ

The article, based on the analysis of the theory and practice of professional education, outlines the methodological features of training future history teachers for the organization and implementation of creative activities of students in the New Ukrainian School. It is noted that the implementation of the «New Ukrainian School» Concept actualizes the need to train a competent creative teacher who will produce rational consequences of various problems, capable of self-development and self-training in further life and professional activity.The implementation of the Concept is aimed at revealing and developing the abilities of students, which requires the creation of a modern educational environment that will stimulate the release of the creative potential of both education seekers and teachers. It is indicated that the training of the future history teacher should contribute to solving the tasks of continuous education and the formation of a creative personality capable of self-development and lifelong learning.The article defines and characterizes the components of the professional training of future teachers of history in the implementation of the process of organizing and conducting creative activities of students. The specifics of modeling of various types of training classes are specified, the forms, methods and means of training are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the method of teaching history should provide for the design of a gradual and consistent development of students' abilities, a special aspect of which will be a set of tasks that involves the acquisition of not only formal and logical, but also operational knowledge, involvement in independent research of information, generation of a creative product.The features of the use of creative tasks in the process of training future history teachers are characterized. It is emphasized that the history teacher’s preparation for creative activities of schoolchildren should be complex and creative, which will contribute to effective preparation for professional activities.

Empirical Evidence Regarding Few-Shot Learning for Scene Classification in Remote Sensing Images

Few-shot learning (FSL) is a learning paradigm which aims to address the issue of machine/deep learning techniques which traditionally need huge amounts of labelled data to work out. The remote sensing (RS) community has explored this paradigm with numerous published studies to date. Nevertheless, there is still a need for clear pieces of evidence on FSL-related issues in the RS context, such as which of the inference approaches is more suitable: inductive or transductive? Moreover, how does the number of epochs used during training, based on the meta-training (base) dataset, relate to the number of unseen classes during inference? This study aims to address these and other relevant questions in the context of FSL for scene classification in RS images. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted considering eight FSL approaches (three inductive and five transductive) and six scene classification databases. Some conclusions of this research are as follows: (1) transductive approaches are better than inductive ones. In particular, the transductive technique Transductive Information Maximisation (TIM) presented the best overall performance, where in 20 cases it got the first place; (2) a larger number of training epochs is more beneficial when there are more unseen classes during the inference phase. The most impressive gains occurred particularly considering the AID (6-way) and RESISC-45 (9-way) datasets. Notably, in the AID dataset, a remarkable 58.412% improvement was achieved in 1-shot tasks going from 10 to 200 epochs; (3) using five samples in the support set is statistically significantly better than using only one; and (4) a higher similarity between unseen classes (during inference) and some of the training classes does not lead to an improved performance. These findings can guide RS researchers and practitioners in selecting optimal solutions/strategies for developing their applications demanding few labelled samples.

Organization and regulatory and legal basis of professional training of police officers

The article deals with topical issues of organisation and regulatory and legal framework for professional training of police officers, and direct functional, firearms, tactical and physical training, in particular, within the framework of training in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine which provide training for the National Police of Ukraine institutions and establishments that specialise and are authorised to conduct specialisation, retraining and advanced training classes, the study examines the peculiarities of interaction between teachers, instructors and other persons engaged in professional training of police officers, methods and approaches to training, organisation and conduct of relevant classes using interactive technologies that allow for practical application of all acquired knowledge. Special attention is paid to the approaches and principles to professional training of police officers who exercise their official powers under martial law, and those police officers who serve in rapid response teams, consolidated units of the National Police of Ukraine (in the territories of administrative jurisdictional units where, due to the security situation, it is impossible to function as permanent territorial police bodies with certain personnel) as well as professional training of police officers who exercise their powers as part of paramilitary police units (police rifle battalions within the Rapid Action Corps and the joint assault brigade «Rage», the consolidated battalion of the National Police of Ukraine «Volya»). The author additionally investigates the issue of the need to differentiate professional training of police officers depending on the specifics, powers and areas of service of police units (public safety and preventive activities; operational and investigative activities, taking into account the specialization of the criminal police unit; pre-trial investigation of criminal proceedings in certain areas: crimes in the field of economic and official activities, general criminal orientation, trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic substances, drugs and precursors). In particular, in the context of the need to distinguish between certain criteria of service compliance during the final training. Translated with DeepL.com (free version).

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude about Medical Negligence and Law Related Medical Practice among Para-Clinical and Clinical Medical Students

Background: Knowledge of medical negligence and law related medical practice is mandatory for all healthcare professionals. The objective of the study to gaze the extent of knowledge and attitude of undergraduate medical students regarding this. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period from July to October 2023 on 300 para-clinical and clinical medical students of Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College (CMOSHMC). A pretested questionnaire was used and data analyzed by SPSS V.22. Results: Out of 300 respondents from medical students of phase II, phase III and phase IV MBBS, the number of students were predominantly female and religion were Islam. The age range of the participants was from 20 – 25 years. Conclusion: The undergraduate medical students had a reasonable knowledge and positive attitude towards medical negligence and law related medical practice. However, the teaching of medical negligence and law related medical practice should be part of the medical curriculum to strengthen these attitudes. This will expose the students to the training classes using real case scenarios, workshops and seminars on medical negligence and law related medical practice, so that once they become doctors, they are not face difficulty in dealing with ethical issues. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 4-7

In our Time: Adult Education and Birkbeck: Extra-Mural — An Experiment 1988–2009

In this article I suggest that three strands of adult education in the nineteenth century contributed to the experiment of the affiliation of Extra-Mural Studies and Birkbeck between 1988 and 2009: those of the mechanics’ institutions, the University of London, and Extra-Mural (‘Extension’). Although these strands had distinct origins, they were all respondents to the popular demand of the day for access to education by adults excluded from further and higher education in Oxbridge, which was full-time, residential, expensive, and confined to Anglicans and young men. The alternatives that adult education offered were secular and non-residential. They included part-time, evening teaching of subjects that reflected student demand. Adult education from the 1820s provided classes in practical science, mathematics, modern languages, English literature, and vocational training in mechanics, and in London University, medicine and law. In their parallel development, during which they all changed radically, these types of adult education were unmistakably hybrid, imitating each other in course selection and delivery, and sometimes competing for students. Extra-Mural joined the university in 1904 as its External Department, while Birkbeck joined the University of London in 1924 as a separate college, giving up, however, its daytime teaching, its intake of students of all ages, and the teaching of economics, to fit into the university without friction. The second part of the article explores one example of a productive partnership in the college between Extra-Mural and a Birkbeck department: English in Extra-Mural and the Department of English over the two decades that Extra-Mural was part of Birkbeck. Lastly, the article considers how the college privileged the other strands of adult education and shed Extra-Mural by integrating its full-time staff and on-site courses, and silently obliterating its vast provision of classes across the capital. A colour-coded Timeline follows this article to help trace the development of adult education that impacted on Birkbeck, and its lurches and adjustments to survive, from 1823 onwards.

Effect of double rocking jump rope training on lower limb muscle strength of badminton players.

Double rocking jump rope training can effectively enhance physical recovery, adaptability to exercise load, and lower limb muscle strength of badminton players in sports colleges, thus offering valuable insights for improving training methods in sports colleges and universities. To investigate the effect of double rocking jump rope training on the lower limb muscle strength of badminton players specializing in badminton in sports colleges. An experimental study was conducted through a ten-week teaching intervention experiment with badminton players. Relevant heart rate indexes and badminton related lower limb muscle strength indexes were measured before and after the experiment. The data of the measured relevant indexes were statistically and analytically analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the physical recovery level and the heart's adaptability to the exercise load of the control group were improved, and the lower limb muscle strength test indexes and sports performance were better than before the experiment. In the experimental group, badminton players' physical function, anaerobic metabolism of the body and other aspects also improved. The physical function of the experimental group of badminton players, the energy supply capacity of the body anaerobic metabolism and aerobic work capacity all have an enhancement effect, enabling badminton players to adapt to large exercise loads quickly and improve the recovery rate of physical fitness. The introduction of double rocking jump rope into badminton training classes in sports colleges and universities as a means of lower limb muscle strength training is conducive to improving the level of lower limb muscle strength of special badminton players, enriching the teaching and training means of lower limb muscle strength in sports colleges and universities, and broadening the research field of lower limb muscle strength in badminton in sports colleges and universities.

HADNet: A Novel Lightweight Approach for Abnormal Sound Detection on Highway Based on 1D Convolutional Neural Network and Multi-Head Self-Attention Mechanism

Video surveillance is an effective tool for traffic management and safety, but it may face challenges in extreme weather, low visibility, areas outside the monitoring field of view, or during nighttime conditions. Therefore, abnormal sound detection is used in traffic management and safety as an auxiliary tool to complement video surveillance. In this paper, a novel lightweight method for abnormal sound detection based on 1D CNN and Multi-Head Self-Attention Mechanism on the embedded system is proposed, which is named HADNet. First, 1D CNN is employed for local feature extraction, which minimizes information loss from the audio signal during time-frequency conversion and reduces computational complexity. Second, the proposed block based on Multi-Head Self-Attention Mechanism not only effectively mitigates the issue of disappearing gradients, but also enhances detection accuracy. Finally, the joint loss function is employed to detect abnormal audio. This choice helps address issues related to unbalanced training data and class overlap, thereby improving model performance on imbalanced datasets. The proposed HADNet method was evaluated on the MIVIA Road Events and UrbanSound8K datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method for abnormal audio detection on embedded systems achieves high accuracy of 99.6% and an efficient detection time of 0.06 s. This approach proves to be robust and suitable for practical applications in traffic management and safety. By addressing the challenges posed by traditional video surveillance methods, HADNet offers a valuable and complementary solution for enhancing safety measures in diverse traffic conditions.

Безплазовий метод конструкторської підготовки виробництва літаків авіації загального призначення

The article’s subject is the design preparation for producing light general aviation aircraft. This article aims to develop design solutions for a light cheap aircraft with low flight and ground costs, to substantiate the possibility and necessity of using modern CAD systems and new plazless methods to ensure the interchangeability of light aircraft components to reduce design and production costs. Objective: to analyze the global demand for light aircraft, to substantiate the possibility and feasibility of introducing independent (plazless) methods for linking technological equipment and aircraft design components, to develop a list of design work and expected results, to develop digital models (electronic drawings) of the aircraft as a whole and its components, to prove the effectiveness of such approaches. The research methods used are the analysis of scientific and technical documentation, numerical modeling of the aerodynamic flow around the aircraft, the stress-strain state of the units, and the design of the aircraft and its components considering the results of numerical modeling. The following results were obtained: a set of digital models (electronic drawings) of the whole aircraft, a fuselage, a wing, a horizontal and vertical tail, a chassis, digital models (electronic drawings) of the aircraft parts. The scientific and practical novelty of the obtained results is as follows: a set of aircraft design engineering documents developed based on statistical data analysis and numerical modeling will allow manufacturing, testing the aircraft, and obtaining a certificate of airworthiness, which, in turn, will make it possible to subsequently begin serial production of the aircraft and create full-fledged primary flight training classes designed to improve flight training activities for cadets of higher military educational institutions and create opportunities for training civilian pilots.

Determination of stability indicators as the main criteria for assessing the development of special endurance of cadets

The paper investigates the main biomechanical indicators of the statokinesiogram to assess the coordination criteria of resistance before and after load in physical training classes of cadets of Military Higher Education Institutions (VHE), as well as the registration of posture indicators that characterize the development of the main muscles of the trunk, i.e.: amplitude- frequency, vector and integral indicators of oscillations of the general center of mass. Back in the 20th century, the Hungarian physician Romberg introduced into clinical practice the observation of the upright position of the body and developed a method for assessing the degree of body oscillation and tremor of the limbs. He found that the assessment of the vertical position of the body due to quantitative biomechanical stability criteria is an important indicator of the functional state of the cadets' body and their health [3; 4; 5;7;10]. In the practice of physical training, various static positions and postures are often encountered. Such static positions include various racks, hangs, stops in gymnastic exercises, starting positions in athletics, swimming and other sports, postures of weightlifters, shooters, etc. The role of these positions and postures as elements of sports technique can be completely different if we consider their main three phases - initial, intermediate and final. Depending on which of these phases the studied static posture belongs to, it is possible to specifically assess its role in the effective solution of the motor task. The significant role of static positions and postures in sports is also evidenced by the fact that in competitions for the court, the girls' rules regulate the fixation of static postures [ 1, 2, 8, 9, 11]. Object of research. Cadets of the main group of 1-4 courses with an average level of development of physical condition (Fig. 1). Subject of research. Oscillations of the CMR of the body during stabilometry, where the leading human sensory systems: vestibular, proprioceptive and visual systems unequally integrate their contribution. As a result of the research, the leading role of proprioceptive, amplitude-frequency characteristics of CMR oscillations in the control of equilibrium has been proved, which is confirmed by the studies of M.O. Bernstein (1947), V.S. Gurfinkel (1965-1980), Bretz (1993) and other specialists [3; 4; 6; 7; 9]. Thus, the stabilographic method can be useful in assessing the body's response to stress, as well as in assessing and predicting the effectiveness of the development of special endurance of cadets in various conditions of professional activity.

Формирование двигательных действий у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра на занятиях адаптивной физической культурой

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>Ski training classes for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) help develop locomotor functions, develop physical qualities, strengthen health and compensate for the lack of motor activity. Adaptive physical education (APE) classes develop basic types of movements, including when moving on skis. Currently, in the practice of APE there are no methods that form motor actions in children with ASD by means of ski training. The author’s method of step-by-step formation of motor actions in ski training for children with ASD allows teaching the ability to move on skis in various ways.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods</strong>. The article presents the materials of an empirical study conducted in a group of 6 children with ASD aged 8—9 years. When teaching children motor skills in APE classes, the method of step-by-step formation of motor actions by means of ski training was used. Motor skills were assessed by the tests “Sliding step”, “Alternating two-step move”, “Simultaneous stepless move”. Diagnostics of the technique of performing ski moves was carried out by the method of expert assessment.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results</strong>. The sliding step was mastered most successfully by children: 83% (n=5) of children mastered the sliding step technique. The correct technique for performing a simultaneous stepless and alternating two-step walk was mastered by 67% of children (n=4). The number of children capable of covering the distance using the alternating two-step walk and simultaneous stepless walk techniques increased from 1 to 5.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The presented results confirm the possibility of children with ASD mastering certain methods of skiing using a step-by-step method of forming motor actions. Application at each stage of non-verbal techniques, teaching methods (for example, action by demonstration), form the technique of ski moves in children. The proposed method was implemented in a guideline for the step-by-step teaching of motor actions in ski training for children with ASD. In the future, it is planned to develop a guideline for teaching the techniques of turns, ascents, and descents in ski training for children with ASD.</p>

Students’ Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioural Perceptions of the Quizizz Towards Their Grammar Skills in a Business English Training Class at PT. Xl Axiata Tbk. Jakarta

This study explored students’ perceptions of the Quizizz platform in a Business English training class at PT. XL Axiata Tbk. in Jakarta. To promote effective language learning, especially in a Business English training class, a dynamic and engaging teaching approach is essential. Traditional methods such as lectures and exercises often lack the enthusiasm necessary to actively involve students in the learning process. In incorporating game-based elements like rewards, rivalries, and instant feedback, gamification provides a potential solution to increase engagement and improve learning outcomes. The study utilized a mixed-methods design, gathering data through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation analysis. The sample included 47 students from a Business English training class at PT XL Axiata Tbk. Jakarta. The results showed that Quizizz, as a gamification platform, enhances student engagement and motivation in language learning and underscores the potential of gamification in language instruction, particularly within the context of a Business English training class.

Unveiling Barriers and Challenges of AI Technology Integration in Education: Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions, Readiness and Anticipated Resistance

This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature concerning the extrinsic barriers that affect the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as ChatGPT, within the educational sphere. While previous studies have predominantly focused on intrinsic factors like teachers’ attitudes and beliefs, as well as the general benefits and drawbacks of AI in education, there has been limited investigation into how external obstacles, such as large class sizes, insufficient resources, slow internet connections, and outdated technology, affect this integration. The importance of this study lies in its assessment of whether these extrinsic barriers contribute to teachers' resistance to embracing AI technology. This study employs a quantitative method to explore this issue, using a questionnaire administered to thirteen (n=13) EFL instructors from the Department of English at Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria. The results derived from this study reveal that while participants recognised AI's potential to improve student learning and expressed confidence in its integration, they also identified extrinsic barriers such as technical complexity, inadequate training, limited resources, and large class sizes as critical factors contributing to their resistance to incorporating AI tools into their teaching practices. This research emphasises the necessity of addressing these external barriers to better align technological innovations with teachers' needs and readiness, thereby enhancing the effective integration of AI in education.

A Comparative Study on Demographic, Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in a Hospital in Iran: 2018-2019 and 2020-2021

Background Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of death and disability worldwide. The identification and prevention of risk factors and early treatment can prevent related mortality. Objective This study aims to compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in a hospital in Rasht, Iran, in 2018-2019 and 2020-2021. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who underwent CABG in Dr. Heshmat Hospital in Rasht. The study was divided into two time periods: 2018-2019 and 2020-2021, and the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients and the surgery outcomes were compared between these two periods. The chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare variables. Results The median age of patients was 60 years in 2018-2019 and 60.5 years in 2020-2021. In the first and second periods, patients’ body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 and 26.6 kg/m2, respectively. In the first period, 69.3% of patients were male, 57.7% were from urban areas and 43.5% were smokers. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, smoking and place of residence of people between the two studied periods (P>0.05). Fasting blood sugar, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and cholesterol levels of patients were higher, and high-density lipoprotein was lower in the second period. The percentage of people with diabetes, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction was lower in the first period, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The mean diastolic blood pressure in the first period was lower, and a higher percentage of people had hyperlipidemia and hypertension in the second period, which were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion By proper planning and holding stress control training classes and emphasizing continuous follow-up of health status and quitting smoking, the incidence or progress of heart diseases can be reduced to a great extent.