Class Of Situations Research Articles

Questioning Powers of the Students in the Class

This paper is about the questioning powers of the students in the class. The main focus is to reveal the types of questions produced by the students and to describe their perspectives on their questioning powers. This study employed seventy students as respondents. To collect data, informants were given topics for discussions in the class and their questions were recorded. An open-ended questionnaire was distributed to explore their perception towards their questioning powers in the classroom. Findings show that students mostly produced referential questions, which need more explanation and clarification or judgments from the answerers. Findings also show the students’ tendency to ask questions and the factors influencing their capacity in asking questions such as the class situation, their psychological factors, and teachers’ image over the students.

Escala de Valoración de la Enseñanza del Lenguaje Oral en contexto Escolar: adaptación para su uso en educación especial

The conceptual framework of our work underlines the importance of some language characteristics and communicative strategies used by adults when interacting with children in different contexts for the development of language competence. Children with intellectual disability (ID) need to develop skills to communicate with others, to learn and progress autonomously. This paper presents results of a pilot study in which an adaptation of the EVALOE (Assessment of Oral Language Teaching at School Scale) was carried out in order to be used in the context of special education. The process consisted, firstly, of the use of this validated scale for assessing a special class situation. Participants were two teachers and six 8 year-old children with ID. After that, adaptations were introduced in order to increase its usefulness. Finally, a new class situation with very similar characteristics and with the same participants was assessed with the adapted scale. Results show, firstly, that EVALOE is a useful instrument for assessing the oral language teaching in the school context. Secondly, it shows that the adapted version allows increase the assessed aspects and initiate a collaborative reflection with the special education teachers in order to introduce changes related with the context and communicative management, the instructional design, as well as communicative functions and strategies.

Kompetensi Mengajar Calon Guru SD (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Program Studi PGSD FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya)

The method used qualitative research methods case study type. This qualitative study using this type of case research strategy. Riduwan (2005) suggested Qualitative Methods is a research method that is used to examine the condition of scientific objects, where the researcher is a key instrument. Qualitative research uses the natural environment as a data source directly. Situation good education within the family, school, and community, as it is (naturally) without any changes and intervention by the researcher, is the object of qualitative research. Silalahi (2003: 62) and Sudjana and Ibrahim (2001: 69-71) argues the case study are (a) a study that will involve us in a more in-depth investigation and a thorough examination of the behavior of an individual, (b) research on the background rear and conditions of individuals, groups, or communities with the aim to provide a complete picture of the subject or event under study, and (c) a study conducted intensive, detailed and in-depth on the organism, institution or certain symptoms. This case study is used as the subject under study narrow and limited. The results of the research that students Studies Program PGSD FKIP Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya year class of 2012 perform individual tasks and task groups is seen that the ability to teach students, especially in terms of confidence, dare to appear, the sound loud and clear and the characters / characteristic that has not been fully owned also less able to control the situation and condition of class.

Unannounced Quizzes: A Teaching and Learning Initiative that Enhances Academic Performance and Lecture Attendance in Large Undergraduate Classes

Without a doubt, lecture non-attendance is a growing trend at tertiary institutions. Many academics confront this challenge by implementing different teaching initiatives that encourage lecture attendance. However, lecture attendance does not necessarily mean that learning is taking place. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish whether the use of unannounced quizzes improves class attendance, the module pass rate and academic performance in a large undergraduate class at a university in South Africa. This is an exploratory study which adopted a mixed method research approach to collect data over a period of two semesters during the 2012 academic year. The three data sources used include observations, a questionnaire survey and the university student data base. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse data. The findings reveal that the use of unannounced quizzes has merit; significant positive effects were seen in all three areas – class attendance, module pass rate and students’ academic performance. The study contributes to the field of teaching and learning in three ways, by: (1) exploring a teaching and learning initiative that encourages class attendance; (2) responding to a call for new thinking about how universities could increase their throughput ratio; and (3) possibly reviving future debate about how to effectively impact knowledge creation in a large class situation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1193

The Use Of Know, Want To Know, Learned (KWL) Technique To Improve Teaching And Learning Process.

The Use of Know, Want to Know, Learned (KWL) Technique to Improve Teaching and Learning Process. This research aims at finding out whether KWL technique can improve the class situation when it is used in the teaching and learning process the class.The subject of the research was the first grade of SMA N 3 Sragen, Central Java, in the academic year of 2011/2012. The research was conducted in two cycles: the first cycle consisted of three meetings, and so did the second cycle. The procedures of the research consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. To collect the data the writer used class observation and made the conclusion to analyze the qualitative data.The result of the research shows that KWL technique can enhance class situation, in terms of: (a) the students’ attention that make them concentrate on the lesson; (b) their participation and interaction when having and responding teacher’s questions; and (c) the motivation to join the teaching and learning process in the class.The research comes to the conclusion that there are some improvements of the students’ participation in teaching and learning process when using the KWL technique. Keywords: KWL technique, teaching learning process, class situation.

Sex, Bricks and Mortar: Constructing Class in a Central Indian Steel Town

AbstractBased on a case study of informal sector construction labour in the central Indian steel town of Bhilai, this paper explores the intersection and the mutually constitutive relationship between social class on the one hand, and gender (and more specifically sexual) relations on the other. It is part of an attempt to document and analyse a process ofclassdifferentiation within the manual labour force between aspirant middle class organized sector workers and the unorganized sector ‘labour class’. With some help from the (pre-capitalist) ‘culture’ of their commonly work-shy men-folk, their class situation forces ‘labour class’ women onto construction sites where they are vulnerable to the sexual predation of supervisors, contractors and owners. That some acquiesce reinforces the widespread belief that ‘labour class’ women are sexually available, which in turn provides ‘proof’ to the labour aristocracy that they themselves are a different and better breed, superior in culture and morals. Class inequalities produce a particular configuration of gender relations; gender relations (and in particular sexual relations) produce a powerful ideological justification for class differentiation. This proposition has strong resonances with processes reported from other parts of the world; but in the Indian context and in its specific focus on sex it has not been clearly articulated and its significance for class formation has not been adequately appreciated.

Generalizeds-Convex Functions on Fractal Sets

We introduce two kinds of generalizeds-convex functions on real linear fractal setsRα (0<α<1). And similar to the class situation, we also study the properties of these two kinds of generalizeds-convex functions and discuss the relationship between them. Furthermore, some applications are given.

The Impact of Grouping Gifted Students on Motivation

Encouraging and facilitating learning for children is an important role for educators. How best to motivate children to learn is a critical question when educating gifted children? Motivation is that commitment to involvement with the learning process. A distinction can be made between goal orientations to achievement with a focus in this study on mastery goal orientation and performance goal orientation. This study considered whether mastery goal orientation was more prevalent when gifted pre-adolescent children (aged 10-12 years) in NSW schools, Australia, were grouped together in a selective class (experimental group) in contrast to children placed in non-selective class situations (comparison group). The results indicated that mastery goal orientation decreased significantly for all children over time but the magnitude of these decreases was similar across the two groups. In fact, for this age group all motivation was decreased over time for both the selective class groups and the non-selective class groups. Further research on the affective and motivational outcomes for gifted children and their learning is suggested. Pre-adolescent developmental influences are discussed.

Student-centrert undervisning: Noen generelle betraktninger

SUMMARYThe purpose of the present paper is to advance some general points of view on the so-called student-centered teaching (SCT). The background is that traditional teaching has failed to prepare the students more directly for the actual practicing of psychology in society. The thesis is that a student-centered and experiential teaching is better suited to ensure the sharring of responsibility, the well-being and efficiency of the participants in the class situation. The aims of the teaching process are elaborated by way of joint efforts on the part of the teacher and his students. Subsequently, the cognitively oriented teaching method is contrasted with an approach of a more experiential character. The student-centered method is outlined and defined in relation to traditional seminars, sensitivity training and group therapy. It is described how the teacher struggles to be emphatic towards the student's internal frame of reference. It has been claimed that the next phase in the student rebellion will be...

Российское учительство в конце XVIII – первой трети XIX века: система подготовки и социальный статус (по материалам московского учебного округа)

In work process of formation of system of preparation of pedagogical shots at a boundary of the XVIII–XIX centuries within modernization of secondary and primary education in Russia is investigated. The social status of the Russian teachers, level of their pedagogical preparation and class situation on materials of the Moscow educational district is analyzed.

Classification situations: Life-chances in the neoliberal era

This article examines the stratifying effects of economic classifications. We argue that in the neoliberal era market institutions increasingly use actuarial techniques to split and sort individuals into classification situations that shape life-chances. While this is a general and increasingly pervasive process, our main empirical illustration comes from the transformation of the credit market in the United States. This market works as both as a leveling force and as a condenser of new forms of social difference. The U.S. banking and credit system has greatly broadened its scope over the past twenty years to incorporate previously excluded groups. We observe this leveling tendency in the expansion of credit amongst lower-income households, the systematization of overdraft protections, and the unexpected and rapid growth of the fringe banking sector. But while access to credit has democratized, it has also differentiated. Scoring technologies classify and price people according to credit risk. This has allowed multiple new distinctions to be made amongst the creditworthy, as scores get attached to different interest rates and loan structures. Scores have also expanded into markets beyond consumer credit, such as insurance, real estate, employment, and elsewhere. The result is a cumulative pattern of advantage and disadvantage with both objectively measured and subjectively experienced aspects. We argue these private classificatory tools are increasingly central to the generation of “market-situations”, and thus an important and overlooked force that structures individual life-chances. In short, classification situations may have become the engine of modern class situations.

Estratos y clases sociales en Chile 1973-1990

The general purpose of this paper is to describe the impacts of structural transformations made by the military dictatorship on the bases of social inequality and integration, that is, on the patterns of social stratification and class structure, and to analyze possible changes in the class actors that had improved their situations at the time of, and before the Unidad Popular regime. The conclusions drawn from the analysis show that changes in the origins of class contradictions (these were previously associated with access to education and occupational positioning, while at present they are linked to employment stability, income and access to consumption) lead to more diffuse class situations. The generalization of interests and the construction of class identity are now more difficult, particularly for the subordinate classes, which in turn constrain the chances for the emergence of social movements inspired by a social change project and thus capable to affect the path of society.

Jason's Why by B. Goobie

Goobie, Beth. Jason's Why. Markham: Red Deer Press, 2012, PrintAs "Jason's Why" opens nine-year-old Jason is waiting as his mother carries his things down the stairs, waiting to be taken to a group home. His mother, in her "nice voice" has labelled him "a problem", claiming he is unmanageable when he screams and hits out, so now the social worker is coming to take him away. At the group home, mistrusting the adults, he hides food in case they do not feed him, watches the hands and feet of the adults in case they hit him, and picks fights with the boys at school so that they will respect him. Jason is living out what he has experienced, his frustration taken out in anger. All he truly wants is to be home with his mother and his little sister. He loves Linda and wants to protect her. The story is told in his own words, a simple direct vocabulary and short sentences which give a sense of his pent-up frustration. It is as he meets the calm disciplined approach of the adults now around him that he begins to calm down. He finds that he can relate more easily with them, and that his humour will encourage acceptance, at last, from the boys at school where his violence was self-defeating. Beth Goobie has an important message here. We feel that Jason's violence and frustration has been learned first hand from his family's violence, but the picture can be ameliorated by care, patience and genuine concern. Now for the difficulty, the book is written in the first person in a simple direct vocabulary and style. This is the voice of a poorly-educated nine-year-old. It brings us a believable hurting child, however I think it is a book that few children will pick up and read on their own, rather it is one to be shared and discussed in a class situation. Many nine-year-olds will be reading at a more advanced level and will be bored by the simple vocabulary and many will not relate easily to the circumstances of the story. There are also moments, too, when expressions or descriptions give away the adult voice behind Jason's story. When Joe explains how and why the staff restrain the boys when they become violent, or when Jason uses an expression like "a big bubble of mad" inside him you sense a narrator other than Jason. These are surely adult explanations of emotions hard for children to express. However the story will go a long way, with adult commentary, to explain to children, who may have an anguished child in their midst, exactly what is happening and what that child may have endured. Recommendation: 2 stars out of 4Reviewer: Andrea DeakinAndrea has been involved with books since she was class librarian in Primary School; she later served as school librarian in schools both in England and in Canada, except for the first two years in Canada where she arrived in 1959. When she retired from teaching ( English and History) she was invited to review in February 1971, and continued to review for press, radio, and finally on the Internet (Deakin Newsletter from Okanagan College) until she retired in 2011. Forty years seemed sufficient, although she still cannot keep her nose out of good children's and YA fare.

PENGGUNAAN METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR MANDIRI MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI PADA MATA KULIAH AKUNTANSI PERPAJAKAN

The aim of the research is to improve Accounting Education Department’s student self learning for Tax Accounting lesson by using problem based learning method. The subject of this classroom action research involved students of III a class Accounting Education Department in 2011/2012 academic year, who studies Tax accounting (36 students). Flow method design research from Kemmis and Taggart by cycle model. Data collection used by observation technique, analysis procedure by using interactive analysis model from Milles & Huberman. Based on the research result in reflectionevaluation, can be concluded that: 1) by using the constructive procedure of problem based learning method the self learning of Accounting Education Department’s student for Tax Accounting lesson increased; 2) the function of teacher as facilitator, motivator, and learning source not as dictator of learning; 3) class situation become more active-creative; 4) student can be active in learning, able to do scheduled learning, have a high self confident, be critical in learning and have self enforcement. This method will be more effective to improve students self learning if they are explained about problem based learning, case study task can be solved in class, and reflection-evaluation in the end of session must be provided by the teacher.

Effective classroom management and faces: a search for relationship

Classroom atmosphere is highly affected by emotions shared between teachers and students and a positive classroom atmosphere is vital for effective classroom management. As emotions are displayed through teachers’ facial expressions, how they are used in different situations influence the overall effectiveness of classroom management. This study aims to reveal facial expressions preferred by teacher candidates towards class situations during science teaching. Qualitative data collection tools were used during the study and “Holistic Single Case Design” method was used. The population of the study consists of 45 science teacher candidates studying in a university in South-east of Turkey chosen by purposive sampling method. The study revealed that teacher candidates would show happy (11 participants), ecstatic (7 participants), stoic (7 participants), talking (11 participants), serious (11 participants) and thinking (1 participant) facial expressions as such respectively. They also stated that they would show stoic (11 participants), serious (9 participants), angry (7 participants), surprised (6 participants), sad (4 participants) and intense (3 participants), scared (1 participant) and furious (1 participant) facial expressions when they encounter a negative event when they encounter a negative event as such respectively.

Video-Based Analyses of Motivation and Interaction in Science Classrooms

An analytical framework for examining students’ motivation was developed and used for analyses of video excerpts from science classrooms. The framework was developed in an iterative process involving theories on motivation and video excerpts from a ‘motivational event’ where students worked in groups. Subsequently, the framework was used for an analysis of students’ motivation in the whole class situation. A cross-case analysis was carried out illustrating characteristics of students’ motivation dependent on the context. This research showed that students’ motivation to learn science is stimulated by a range of different factors, with autonomy, relatedness and belonging apparently being the main sources of motivation. The teacher’s combined use of questions, uptake and high level evaluation was very important for students’ learning processes and motivation, especially students’ self-efficacy. By coding and analysing video excerpts from science classrooms, we were able to demonstrate that the analytical framework helped us gain new insights into the effect of teachers’ communication and other elements on students’ motivation.

The Transformations of Charles Dickens in Early Socialist Poland

AbstractCharles Dickens was the most widely read and published foreign novelist in nineteenth‐century Poland, primarily viewed as a humorist and social critic. In the modernist and inter‐war periods he remained extremely popular, though Polish critics assigned him to the position of a classic writer who was no longer regarded as a great artist, because his novels did not comply with modernist aesthetics. After the Second World War there came a fresh wave in his reception. With a new social order and political system, Dickens started to be evaluated according to the new ideological premises. The re‐evaluation of this writer’s oeuvre was accompanied by a change of critical discourse and concentrated on the historical background in which the novels were conceived, especially concerning the situation of the working class in a capitalist society. Polish propaganda critics admired his depictions of the destruction caused by capitalism, yet criticised him for not being radical enough to support social revolution. This paper examines press articles and introductions to Dickens’s novels published in Poland in the 1950s in order to highlight the most significant changes to his circulation, focusing on the different attitudes toward, and the interpretations of, his works.

Review of Security Issues in Industrial Networks

Although awareness is constantly rising, that industrial computer networks (in a very broad sense) can be exposed to serious cyber threats, many people still think that the same countermeasures, developed to protect general-purpose computer networks, can be effectively adopted also in those situations where a physical system is managed/controlled through some distributed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. Unfortunately, this is not the case, as several examples of successful attacks carried out in the last decade, and more frequently in the very recent past, have dramatically shown. Experts in this area know very well that often the peculiarities of industrial networks prevent the adoption of classical approaches to their security and, in particular, of those popular solutions that are mainly based on a detect and patch philosophy. This paper is a contribution, from the security point of view, to the assessment of the current situation of a wide class of industrial distributed computing systems. In particular, the analysis presented in this paper takes into account the process of ensuring a satisfactory degree of security for a distributed industrial system, with respect to some key elements such as the system characteristics, the current state of the art of standardization and the adoption of suitable controls (countermeasures) that can help in lowering the security risks below a predefined, acceptable threshold.

Voces libertarias: The Economic, Political and Social Discourse of Puerto Rican Anarchism, 1900 – 1917

Over the past several years a debate has erupted inside international libertarian intellectual circles concerning the origins of anarchism. Many recent thinkers, such as George Woodcock and Peter Marshall, would agree with their predecessor Max Nettlau that the of the anarchist idea is inseparable from progressive developments and the aspiration towards liberty (Nettlau 1977: 13). This view traces Anarchism's origin to thinkers such as Lao-Tse [607 b.c.], Zenon [342270 b.c.] and Carpocrates [II century], (Marshall 2008: 53; Cuevas Noa 2003: 43). On the other hand we find the position of Michael Schmidt and Lucien van der Walt, whose book Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism proposes Anarchism's origins in the context of the modern working class and the radical socialist movement of the First International in the 1 860s (Schmidt & van der Walt 2009: 34).Although we won't assume any position in this matter, we think it is important to mention it since we depart from the premise that is not immutable, allowing it to expand throughout the globe in a cosmopolitan manner, notwithstanding its common ideological framework. It is through this migratory process that anarchism will contain particularities according to the geographical space in which it develops. If we accept the thesis of the unequal development of nations, we must then affirm that anarchism cannot be analyzed as a mere concrete material product that travels from one place to the other but as an ideology subordinated to the space in which it is engendered. As an example we could point out the case of the Caribbean. A brief and superficial analysis of the history of the region could lead us to think that Cuba, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic would share the same anarchist thought, but this would be a mistake. In fact, it is through the individual, or native, development of each region and nation that local radicals created particular discourses of anarchism in order to comprehend their immediate historical situation. It is through this optic that we intend to analyze Puerto Rican anarchism.The situation of the Puerto Rican working class throughout the first two decades of the twentieth century could be considered one of vast complexity. Even though there was a display of class-consciousness, materialized through various organizations based on solidarity and mutual aid during the last three decades of the nineteenth century, it was not until 1899 that the first labor syndicate was organized in Puerto Rico. The material conditions were changing rapidly with the proletarization of the majority of the Puerto Rican workers because of a change in the modes of production, caused by the entrance of U.S. capitalism in the local economy since 1898. It is because of this situation that the most progressive sectors inside the working class elaborated discourses based on their analysis of various foreign ideologies. They wanted to comprehend their historical reality and guide it through responses or alternatives to the official discourse of the State and the organizations that were supposed to look out for their interests. It is in this context that anarchist ideas start to propagate throughout the island.Since we cannot talk about labor organizations managed by individuals adhering to the anarchist ideology, as in the cases, for example, of Spain's C.N.T. or Argentina's F.O.R.A, we argue that anarchism was not a homogeneous ideal inside the Puerto Rican working class as would be the cases in different historical contexts - not only in the places mentioned, but on a global level. On the other hand, the leadership of the Free Workers' Federation (F.L.T. for its acronym in Spanish), which was the only syndicate during the period studied, gravitated towards the reformist ideas of trade unionism put forward by the American Federation of Labor. Nevertheless, we need to point out the fact that there were workers inside the ranks of the F. …

The application of uncut Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with distal jejunal pouch on behalf of the stomach surgery in the digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy

To study the clinical value of uncut Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with distal jejunal pouch on behalf of the stomach (URYAJP) surgery in the digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy. A retrospective analysis of radical resection of the whole stomach in 486 cases of gastric cancer patients, divided into the URYAJP group (n = 189), the P-loop Roux-en-Y behalf of the stomach surgery (PRY) group (n = 150) and pure Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RY) group (n = 147). Three groups were compared in patients with surgical reconstruction time, the occurrence of postoperative complications, the postoperative weight after 6, 12 and 24 months, the single meal food intake and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and Visick points class situation after 12 and 24 months. (1) The URYAJP group and RY group had no significant difference in digestive tract reconstruction time ((37 ± 6) minutes and (38 ± 6) minutes respectively), but PRY group was significantly prolonged ((47 ± 6) minutes, t = 7.52 and 6.54, P < 0.05). (2) In the comparison of the incidence of complications, URYAJP group has 2.1% rate of Roux stay syndrome (RSS) incidence, significantly less than PRY group (21.3%) and RY group (19.7%) (χ² = 14.84, P < 0.05). (3) In the comparison the postoperative nutritional status, URYAJP group clear asset, showing the degree of ((3.1 ± 1.0) kg) weight loss after 12 months (t = 25.03 and 22.99, P < 0.05). And after 12, 24 months, a single meal eating reached the preoperative level is 94.8% and 96.9% in URYAJP group, while PRY group and RY group is less than 50% (χ(2) = 61.10, 69.17, 65.17 and 73.29, P < 0.05). URYAJP Group reach the preoperative levels of PNI in 24 months after surgery, while PRY and RY group were still lower than per-operation (t = 106.97 and 100.37, P < 0.05). (4) The Visick points class I-II postoperative 12 and 24 months in URYAJP group were 92.7% and 93.8%, significantly better than group B and C (χ² = 10.63, 14.19, 10.10 and 10.74, P < 0.05). URYAJP surgery give full play to maintain intestinal continuity, simple operation, and advantages of food storage bags, it can reduce the long-term postoperative complications, improve the nutritional status of patients and improve quality of life. It is worthy of promoting a way of gastrointestinal reconstruction.