Class Passengers Research Articles

Propensity Score Matching: An Application on Observational Data

The study aimed to determine the survival rate of first-class passengers using the Titanic dataset from Kaggle. Descriptive statistics revealed that first class passengers had way more chance to survive as compared to other classes, which underscores the role of socioeconomic status in determining chances of survival. Evaluation metrics, which assess model performance independently for male and female cohorts, shed light on gender specific projected accuracy. The analysis of propensity scores matching data for male and female passengers separately ensured that each gender category had control groups and treatments that were equally distributed. It was discovered that women had higher survival rates compared to men and these findings also identified disparities in the levels of surviving among genders. Improvements in covariate balance were indicated by post-matching statistics for both the male and female cohorts, indicating that the matching process was successful for both genders. The treatment effect estimates for male and female passengers were computed independently, and the findings showed that a number of characteristics significantly improved the survival rates for each gender group. The overall results of the study emphasized how important it is to include gender when analyzing survival outcomes using the Titanic dataset. In addition, age was suggested as an important factor whereby young people had higher chances of being saved.

Analysis of the Performance of Regional III Airport Authority Air Transport Inspector Personnel on Optimizing PT Minimum Service Standard Supervision. Wings Airlines

In order to achieve optimal aviation safety, security, and service, activities of control, supervision, and investigation are necessary by the Air Transport Inspector. Air transport services provided by Air Transport Companies to Scheduled Commercial Air Transport for Economy Class Passengers and domestic flights within the country. Passenger service standards cover aspects such as pre-flight service standards, in-flight service standards, and post-flight service standards. Pre-flight service standards include flight information, ticket reservations, ticket bookings, check-in processes, boarding procedures, handling of delays and flight cancellations, as well as the issuance of boarding passes. The number of inspectors available to conduct supervision is also a factor affecting the results of the Minimal Standard Inspection of these services. This research aims to identify factors that affect the optimization results of Air Transport Inspectors at Wings Air airline. This research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach, and data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results indicate that one of the challenges in the supervision of Air Transport Inspectors for Wings Air airline is the insufficient number of Air Transport Inspector personnel, resulting in a lack of direct supervision of airline personnel in various sub-units of airline services.

Analisis Pengawasan Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah V terhadap Kesesuaian Tarif Tiket Maskapai Lion Air di Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar


 Flight Fare is the cost that must be borne by the passenger based on the components of the Distance Fare, Tax, Compulsory Insurance Contribution and Surcharge for using flight services. The mechanism for calculating the fare limit for domestic scheduled commercial transport economy class passengers has been regulated in Ministerial Regulation Number 20 of 2019 and flight fare restrictions have been regulated in Ministerial Decree No 106 of 2019 according to flight class. This research uses Qualitative Research. Data collection was obtained and collected at the Makassar Region V Airport Authority Office. Data obtained from observations, interviews and documentation. Primary data was obtained from interviews with 3 informants consisting of the Head of the Air Transportation Section, Aircraft Eligibility and Operation and Air Transport Inspector, as well as Observations at the Regional Airport Authority Office. Supervision and sanctions for tariffs, as well as a list of flight ticket prices for Lion Air Airlines, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar. The results of the study show that tarif control by the Region V Airport Authority is carried out in 2 ways, namely Offline and Online. The Offline method is carried out by viewing proof of ticket sales at the Airline Office and the Online Method is carried out by viewing prices at the Travel Agent or on the Lion Air Airline Website. And the results of the study show that in general the prices for Lion Air airline tickets at Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar International Airport are still categorized or included in the safe range and do not exceed the Upper Limit Rates that have been regulated in the Regulations.
 Keywords: Supervision, Airfare, Air Transport Inspector, Airport Authority

Assessment of Factors Determining Airline Consumer Loyalty: Case Study in Lithuania

The aviation sector is constantly expanding and it is strongly influenced by external factors, which gives rise to significant competition between airlines. One of the most effective ways for an airline to gain a competitive advantage is to keep its customers as loyal users of the provided services, able to provide airlines with a stable revenue for the services they sell. The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on airline passengers’ loyalty. This study analyzed the data from passengers of two classes: prestige (business) and economy. Prestige (business) passengers pay more attention to service quality (beverage and food selection, service and quality, especially accessibility, etc.), privacy, individual attention, and airline reliability, while economy class passengers focus on price and basic perception of service quality. Data were collected from 409 passengers who travelled from Lithuania airports (Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga) to other countries. The results suggest that there are different factors of in-flight service quality that are important according to the customer seat class. The results indicate that 71% of passenger loyalty is explained by image and image is explained by satisfaction. In addition, service quality and price are found to have positive effects on satisfaction. Compared with price, service quality is found to be a stronger determinant of satisfaction.

Voice in Words: A Mixed-Method Approach for Decoding Digital Footprints Using Online Reviews

ABSTRACT Using a mixed-method technique, the present study investigates the causal relationship between consumer judgments about airline service quality and their online recommendations. It also examines the essential attributes that determine key airline service quality dimensions. The current research was conducted on passenger reviews, ratings, and recommendations data (1270 business class and 2464 economy class passengers) from Skytraxratings.com of three major airlines using logistic regression and sentiment analysis. The empirical investigation of service ratings depicts that the fitted logit model adequately explains airline service quality–airline recommendation relationship for business and economy class travelers. Furthermore, this study identifies the crucial service attributes and their sentiment strengths toward key service dimensions. The study results enable a comprehensive understanding of airline service quality based on real-time consumer insights, which can help strategize and develop customized interventions for airline service designs and realignments.

DISAGGREGATING THE DEMAND ELASTICITIES OF RAIL SERVICES AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTOR IN PAKISTAN

Public transport has become a challenge to supply on one side and to afford it on the other side. There are several issues in practical life, which can be associated with the demand for rail transport service, required for sustaining a normal life. This study is based on estimating the determinants of rail transport demand and calculating income and price elasticities for different classes of train services in the short run. The study found that the substitution is dominant and that the own-price effect and income effect are dominant in all the effects. There is a positive relationship between income increase and demand for rail service for air-condition class passengers. The study found that substitute elasticities are positive for rail services, which indicates that rail tracks and buses are substitutes for each other. It entails that rail fares income and road density are constraining variables such that the change in these would consequently bring a change in rail passengers in each class, and fuel price is also significantly reallocating the passenger across each class while the opposite does not hold. The increase in road accidents increases the demand for rail services in Pakistan. Keywords: Demand elasticities, Rail services, Short run, ARDL, and Road Accidents

Travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission documented with whole genome sequencing following a long-haul international flight.

BackgroundMultiple instances of flight-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during long-haul flights have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, comprehensive investigations of passenger risk behaviours, before, during and after the flight, are scarce.MethodsTo investigate suspected SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a flight from United Arab Emirates to Australia in July 2020, systematic, repeated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of passengers in hotel quarantine was linked to whole genome sequencing. Epidemiological analyses of in-depth interviews covering behaviours during the flight and activities pre- and post-boarding were used to identify risk factors for infection.ResultsSeventeen of the 95 passengers from four different travel origins had PCR-confirmed infection yielding indistinguishable genomic sequences. Two of the 17 passengers were symptomatic within 2 days of the flight, and classified as co-primary cases. Seven secondary cases were seated within two rows of the co-primary cases, but five economy passengers seated further away and three business class passengers were also infected (attack rate = 16% [15/93]). In multivariable analysis, being seated within two rows of a primary case [odds ratio (OR) 7.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66–30.85] and spending more than an hour in the arrival airport (OR 4.96; 95% CI 1.04–23.60) were independent predictors of secondary infection, suggesting travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission likely occurred both during and after the flight. Self-reported increased hand hygiene, frequent aisle walking and using the bathroom on the plane did not independently affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition.ConclusionsThis investigation identified substantial in-flight transmission among passengers seated both within and beyond two rows of the primary cases. Infection of passengers in separate cabin classes also suggests transmission occurred outside the cabin environment, likely at the arrival airport. Recognizing that transmission may occur pre- and post-boarding may inform contact tracing advice and improve efforts to prevent future travel-associated outbreaks.

An Evolutionary Algorithm in Static Airport Gate Assignment Problem

Background and Objectives: Gate Assignment Problem is an existing issue at modern airports. Gate assignment is a complex issue in which different airports have their own demographic and geographic features although the gate and flight pattern are identical, and flights may not be assigned precisely to the gates. Methods: The gate assignment model would be a suitable and an appropriate tool for airport authorities to assign aircraft to gates in an effective and efficient way. The aim of the model is to assign each aircraft to an available gate to maximise both efficient operations for airports and airlines, and convenience for passengers. The model would benefit airports by improving efficiency of operations and convenience for travellers. The model illustrates how the resources are fully utilised, achieving an optimal result. This model applies the evolutionary approach to handle the gate assignment problem. The smart and generative algorithm speeds up the solving process for providing the solution within a reasonable time. Results: This model can reduce the business class travellers’ total walking distance by optimising the utilisation of gate resources. This has been was applied at the Taiwan Taipei Taoyuan International Airport and the results have shown an improvement in minimising the total walking distances, and the results for business class travellers are promising. Conclusion: A metropolitan airport usually handles more than thirty boarding gates and hundreds of flights every day. Gate assignment can help an airport to assign the gates to the flights more effectively, with the advancement of genetic algorithms. The gate assignment problem model performed a successful assignment solution within an acceptable timeframe. The proposed evolutionary algorithm gate assignment model could reduce the business class passengers’ total walking distances.

Premium cabin capacity sharing strategies: airline RM insights

This paper explores revenue management strategies for premium cabin capacity sharing, that is, accepting additional bookings in economy fare classes when some premium cabin seats are expected to remain empty. Two heuristics are presented and tested to evaluate the impacts of premium cabin capacity sharing on airline revenues and loads. These RM strategies are tested using the Passenger Origin Destination Simulation (PODS), which replicates the interactions between airline revenue management systems and passenger choice of airline itineraries, fare types and service offerings. Based on the simulations, the methodologies proposed can generate total revenue gains of up to 1.1%. However, two caveats are identified: first, losses in the revenue captured from premium fare classes are likely to be experienced due to displacement by economy fare class passengers. Second, premium cabin capacity sharing should only be implemented in the final stages of the booking process; otherwise, the sharing heuristics can result in revenue losses for the airline.

Walking to transit (Study case: Pasar Senen Station, Jakarta, Indonesia)

Every country must have various ways in applying the concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). The benefit of applying this concept is to suppress the level of congestion caused by the dependence of private car uses by switching to public transportation and emphasizing healthy lifestyle through walking and cycling to transit or other destinations. The research location will be conducted at Pasar Senen station, which is the second largest station in Jakarta that serves for economy and business class passengers with destination within inner-city and inter Java province. Along with Indonesian Government plan to turn this station as MRT interchange station for East-West line which will be built in 2024, a further study is needed on how the characteristics of this station area and what can be prepared in advance if Jakarta Government want to adapt concept of TOD into this station. To know the successful implementation of TOD concept in other tropical countries, it is necessary to do further research on what factors that shaped it. Thereby through the result of the analysis, can be formulated some recommendations that can be applied by Indonesian Government related to the Implementation of TOD concept in Jakarta. To ensure the achievement of the research objectives, then several targets must be done, include: 1. Analyse or identify the key success factor of TOD concept in other tropical countries such as Hong Kong and Singapore; 2. Develop new guidelines related to TOD concept that can be implemented in Jakarta.

Book review symposium: First Class Passengers on a Sinking Ship: Elite Politics and the Decline of Great Powers

Book review symposium: First Class Passengers on a Sinking Ship: Elite Politics and the Decline of Great Powers

Text mining approach to explore dimensions of airline customer satisfaction using online customer reviews

The airline industry operates in a highly competitive market, in which achieving and maintaining a high level of passenger satisfaction is seen as a key competitive advantage. This study presents a novel framework for measuring customer satisfaction in the airline industry. Using text mining methods we explore Online Customer Reviews (OCRs) to provide guidelines for airlines companies to improve in competitiveness. We analyze a database of more than 55,000 OCRs, covering over 400 airlines and passengers from 170 countries. Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model we identified 27 dimensions of satisfaction described by 882 adjectives. Dimensions and adjectives were used to predict airline recommendation by customers, resulting in an accuracy of 79.95%. The most relevant dimensions for airlines' recommendation prediction were calculated. OCRs were stratified according to several variables. Of those, type of passenger impacted the least on the number of dimensions of customer satisfaction, while type of cabin flown impacted the most. Observing results in different publication years we showed airline customer trends through time. Our method showed sensitiveness to identify variations in dimensions distribution according to different passenger characteristics and preferences. Practical implications are that airline service providers aiming at maximizing customer satisfaction should focus their efforts on (i) customer service to first class passengers, (ii) comfort to premium economy passengers, and (iii) checking luggage and waiting time to economy class travelers. Regression analysis revealed cabin staff, onboard service and value for money as top three dimensions of satisfaction to predict the recommendation of airlines. Designing services that excel in those dimensions is likely to improve the company's performance with customers.

“The Hairy Ape”

“The Hairy Ape”

항공사 승무원으로써의 프라이드 형성에 영향을 끼치는 요인 고찰에 관한 연구 : 상위클래스 탑승객들과의 교감을 중심으로

항공사 승무원으로써의 프라이드 형성에 영향을 끼치는 요인 고찰에 관한 연구 : 상위클래스 탑승객들과의 교감을 중심으로

Airport dominance and airline pricing power: An investigation of hub premiums in the Chinese domestic market

This research analyses the effects of airport dominance on airline pricing power with the empirical study based on the Chinese domestic market using fixed-effect panel data models. Results from the regression analysis indicate that airport dominance is the most important source of pricing power in the gradually deregulated Chinese domestic market. Hub carriers are able to charge higher prices to premium class passengers and non-hub carriers benefit from the “umbrella effects” of hub premiums. However, hub carriers are not able to translate their airport dominance to pricing power in the economy class market, whereas non-hub carriers even have to reduce the prices as their market shares at major airports increase. This study contributes to the literature by explicitly segmenting the market into economy and premium classes. The results have important policy implications in terms of further deregulation of Chinese domestic market.

Cólera en el vapor Araguaya, 1910: epidemias en la travesía inmigratoria entre Europa, Brasil y Argentina

This article analyzes the Araguaya steamboat’s case, a luxurious ship that left the Southampton Port (England) to Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires ports in 1910. During the trip there was a cholera outbreak that spread on board only among the third class passengers who were immigrants. In the first part of the article, we explain how traveling conditions in the steerage were decisive for the outbreak. In the second part, we describe the case in detail, from the departure of the ship until its arrival at a quarantine hospital in Brazil. In the early twentieth century, knowledge and techniques of bacteriology began to take part in health protocols ports of South America for diagnosis and control conditions. Under the aegis of the bacteriology, the Araguaya case makes possible a historical questioning of the experience with diseases during the transatlantic voyage of European workers to America in the late 19th and early 20th century.

An Assessment of the Passengers’ Satisfaction from Service Quality of Onboard Employees of Saudi Airlines – An Empirical Study

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of the Saudia crewmembers in delivering services to the passengers. Methodology: This is quantitative study based on primary data collected from the passengers of Saudi Airlines. A close-ended structured questionnaire had been distributed randomly. The questionnaire was developed in English and translated into Arabic for high response among the passengers who ever travelled by Saudi Airlines. The researcher used Convenience sampling technique to identify the respondents who came from across the country for counseling classes at college of business and writing their final exams. The study sample size was 400 respondents. Findings: The results show that the passengers of the Saudi airlines were only somewhat satisfied not satisfied or highly satisfied. The satisfaction for business class passengers were much less in comparison to economy class passengers, the AlFursan loyalty program members were also comparatively less satisfied than the members, and old passengers satisfaction level was less than the new passengers. Managerial Implications: The onboard employees’ service quality need to be enhanced in general and specially in the business class to improve the passengers’ satisfaction to retain them with Saudi Airlines. Paper Type: Research Paper

Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Intercontinental air travel can be stressful, especially for respiratory health. Elderberries have been used traditionally, and in some observational and clinical studies, as supportive agents against the common cold and influenza. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of 312 economy class passengers travelling from Australia to an overseas destination aimed to investigate if a standardised membrane filtered elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extract has beneficial effects on physical, especially respiratory, and mental health. Cold episodes, cold duration and symptoms were noted in a daily diary and assessed using the Jackson score. Participants also completed three surveys containing questions regarding upper respiratory symptoms (WURSS-21) and quality of life (SF-12) at baseline, just before travel and at 4-days after travel. Most cold episodes occurred in the placebo group (17 vs. 12), however the difference was not significant (p = 0.4). Placebo group participants had a significantly longer duration of cold episode days (117 vs. 57, p = 0.02) and the average symptom score over these days was also significantly higher (583 vs. 247, p = 0.05). These data suggest a significant reduction of cold duration and severity in air travelers. More research is warranted to confirm this effect and to evaluate elderberry’s physical and mental health benefits.

다른 고객들에 대한 인식이 럭셔리 가치, 웰빙인식, 브랜드 자아개입과 프리미엄클래스 지불의사에 미치는 영향력에 대한 탐색적 연구

The purpose of this research is to (1) examine the role of perceptions of other customers in the formation of premium class passengers' luxury value, (2) investigate the relationships among luxury value, well-being perception, brand engagement in self-concept and Willingness to pay premium class, and (3) test the moderating effects of age, income and frequency. The proposed conceptual model was empirically tested via structural equation modeling analysis using data collected from 300 Korean luxury passengers who had taken premium class in a recent year. The results revealed that (1) three dimensions of perceptions of other customers are critical factors in the formation of luxury value. (2) most of the hypothesis are supported, and (3) age, income and frequency play significant moderating roles. This study provided critical theoretical and practical implications for luxury marketing managers in the airline industry.

Agent-Based Application on Different Boarding Strategies

In this paper we implemented six different boarding strategies (Wilma, Steffen, Reverse Pyramid, Random, Blocks and By letter) in order to minimize boarding time and turnaround time for Boeing 777 and Airbus 380 aircrafts by using Agent-based modelling approach. In the simulation, we divided passengers into six different categories which are group size more than 5 people, passengers with child, gold members, first class passengers, business class passengers and economy class passengers. Results from the simulation demonstrates Reverse Pyramid method is the best boarding method for Boeing 777 and Steffen method is the best boarding method for Airbus 380.