Class Society Research Articles

Introduction to the Special Issue on Class Dynamics from Socialism to Post-Socialism

Introduction to the Special Issue on Class Dynamics from Socialism to Post-Socialism

On fractional impulsive system for methanol detoxification in human body

Methanol toxicity causes many deaths every year especially in low-income classes of society. An impulsive differential equation system is presented, which is useful in examining the effectiveness of activated charcoal in detoxifying the body with methanol poisoning. We provide a theoretical study of the model. The considered model is analyzed for the qualitative theory and uniqueness of the solution is discussed by using the Banach contraction principle and Schauder fixed point theory. We derive the basic stability analysis using Ulam-Hyres (UH) criteria and its generalized version and showed that model is asymptotically stable. Moreover, the stability check for recursive methodology is also given. The fractional dynamics of the problem can give a better understanding of the use of activated charcoal for simple and cheap first aid. We have studied the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal with impulsive differential equations. The results from Caputo fractional operator provides a more accurate idea of first aid in public and primary health centres, which can reduce the deaths by methanol poisoning. Finally, using generalized Adams-Bashforth-Moulton Method (GABMM), we generated the numerical scheme for the system.

Blueprinting in Coherence to Diagnostic Momentum: On Account of Cancer Detection in Bahawalpur Community

In the current era, cancer is a critical health problem. Purpose of the study was symptomatic analysis of cancer patients and medical evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters of patients from different geographical areas of district Bahawalpur. A crosssectional study was done to find out the diagnostic timeliness in cancer patients. Out of 150 cancer patients, 53% patients were males and 47% females with age from 15 years to 75 years. It has been shown that 76% of patients represent major symptoms of cancer while 24% of patients were showing minor symptoms. Furthermore, cancer patients were disturbed metabolical, hematological, and biochemical profiling. There were 83% of patients with anemia and 17% patients have normal hemoglobin count in males and 85 % of total female patients have low hemoglobin level while rest of 15% have normal hemoglobin count. Illiteracy is positively influencing the factors responsible for causing cancer with 53%, whereas 23% less than primary level education and only 1% of patients had completed their graduation. There were 31% of the patients lies in upper lower class of society, 28% lower class, Lower middle class 19%, middle class 14%, upper middle class 7% and only 1 % patients belong to high social status. This study will help to diagnosis the early cancer detection via biochemical and metabolic profiling.

Modernization of leather industry and chequered history of technical education in colonial Kanpur

Modernization of industry in the western world was determined by application as well as the training of man for applying science in industry. The leather industry which was manufacturing at the cottage level did not resist this modernization. The leather industry in India employed the most depressed class of the Indian society. On the one hand, modernization of leather industry was determined by application of science, while on the other by the training of the workforce. The latter invoked political and social factors like state policy for technical education, receiving of technical education by artisan class and employment opportunity for the skilled workforce. By the late nineteenth century, Kanpur emerged as the prominent centre of modern leather industry in colonial India due to military needs of the British Indian army. The reasons for slow growth of science and technology in colonial India have been extensively examined by scholars but the configuration of industry at the local level, the role of social composition of the workforce in the modernization and the inception of technical education have been less examined. The present paper seeks to address the questions as to the factors which led to the emergence of modern leather industry in Kanpur; the nature of its organization and the relationship between leather industry and institutionalization of technical education for this industry.

Qard Hasan as a feasible Islamic financial instrument for crowdfunding: its potential and possible application for financing micro-enterprises in Malaysia

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the viability of applying Qard Hasan as an Islamic crowdfunding financial instrument to finance micro-enterprises in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with several crowdfunding professionals concerning the application of Qard Hasan in Islamic crowdfunding. To realise the purpose of this study, the data is subjected to thematic analysis.FindingsThe finding reveals that though it is often argued that Qard Hasan is basically not a business-oriented instrument, a closer look at the framework reveals the uniqueness and flexibility of this instrument to be adopted as a viable financial instrument for crowdfunding in financing micro-enterprises in Malaysia. Although it is associated with various risks including default risk and the risk of attracting big funds. However, these risks can be managed and overcome by using FinTech mechanisms such as blockchain to carry out due diligence, monitor the project and ensure the repayment in installment.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study may not be suitable for generalisation to all crowdfunding practices as the semi-structured interview is concentrated predominantly in Malaysia. However, it still provides valuable contributions to the Islamic crowdfunding sector in Malaysia between theory and practice.Practical implicationsThe Qard Hasan crowdfunding framework in this study can potentially be applied to help micro-entrepreneurs reach out to financial services within their means. This framework provides means to grow the micro-enterprise sector.Social implicationsQard Hasan crowdfunding will effectively alleviate poverty by creating an avenue of opportunities for business enterprises and close the gap between the wealthy and the poor classes in society, which will eventually bring about more cooperation, more collaboration and cultivate a generous society.Originality/valueIn spite of the fact that Islamic crowdfunding is not a new topic in research, it lacks empirical studies, particularly qualitative analysis. As this study engages with experts in Shari’ah and crowdfunding regarding the potential application of Qard Hasan, it highlights a fresh discussion both in theory and practice.

Understanding public awareness and attitudes toward renewable energy resources in Saudi Arabia

Renewable energy has rapidly gained attention as a potential alternative source of energy. Environmental challenges linked to sustainable energy development can be addressed by replacing conventional energy sources by natural resources to produce power. This study aimed to determine and investigate environmental public awareness and attitudes of renewable energy. A total of 310 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through the online survey Question Pro using a standard questionnaire format. The data were analyzed by applying advanced statistical techniques in SPSS software. The findings revealed that the majority of Saudi Arabians were moderately knowledgeable about renewable energy. The findings showed that 79.2% of the respondents indicated that people were concerned about the harmful effects of pollution, indicating that alternative energy could be beneficial. However, 97.2% of the respondents stated that the adoption of renewable energy technology was ineffective because of the high prices involved. To meet the government's targets set in Saudi Vision 2030, outstanding and smart measures are needed to encourage Saudi Arabian citizens in all classes of society by raising their awareness of renewable energy. The measures should also support initiating the use of renewable technologies in everyday life and keeping the environment clean. The findings of this study are intended to help legislators and state organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and other developing countries raise public awareness about renewable energy. This awareness will assist KSA in achieving the renewable energy and ecological improvement targets set in Saudi Vision 2030.

Reimagining Agricultural Embodiment with Feminist Foundations

Reimagining Agricultural Embodiment with Feminist Foundations

자장커의〈세계〉에 나타난 복제 현실의 재고

This article starts with examining the previous studies that insist on seeing a critique of postmodern “simulation” in Jia Zhangke’s The World. It intends specifically to investigate how much the theory of simulation propounded by Jean Baudrillard in diagnosing the emerging postmodern media world can account for the problems of post-socialist Chinese society captured in Jia’s cinema. The main argument of this paper is that the significance of the World Park in Jia’s movie reaches further than a simple mirroring or replicating of the forgeries and inauthentic human experiences rampant outside of the theme park. It brings into focus the role of the theme park as an ideological state apparatus designed to interpellate a specific class of Chinese society into a loyal, obedient social group. This paper also brings to the fore the issue of social mobility and prosperity which the rapid modernization of neoliberal China promised to its people but of which only certain classes turned out to be the beneficiaries. The conclusion of this paper is that The World takes issue with the modern ills of neoliberal China, not its postmodern problems, and also that it narrativizes the virtual incarceration of the deprived migrant workers through mobilizing a variety of tropes and subtle camerawork.

Sheikh Abdul Wahid

The propagation of Islam by Sheikh Abdul Wahid in the kingdom of Buton had the same peculiarity as the spread of Islam in other regions, namely the use of magic. This paper is a historical analysis of Sheikh Abdul Wahid's Islamization of the Kingdom of Buton in the sixteenth century AD. This researcher employs the historical research method's four phases: heuristics, source critique, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicated that Islamization of the Buton Kingdom began in the sixteenth century AD. This process of Islamization occurred fast and without conflict because the Sufi priests who carried out Islamization in the kingdom of Buton were neither radical nor heroic. Rather, their goal was to inculcate the Islamic faith in society. button. The acceptance of Islam in the kingdom of Buton followed a top-down model, with the elite class accepting Islam first, followed by the development and acceptance of Islam by the lower classes of society.

Sheikh Abdul Wahid

The propagation of Islam by Sheikh Abdul Wahid in the kingdom of Buton had the same peculiarity as the spread of Islam in other regions, namely the use of magic. This paper is a historical analysis of Sheikh Abdul Wahid's Islamization of the Kingdom of Buton in the sixteenth century AD. This researcher employs the historical research method's four phases: heuristics, source critique, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicated that Islamization of the Buton Kingdom began in the sixteenth century AD. This process of Islamization occurred fast and without conflict because the Sufi priests who carried out Islamization in the kingdom of Buton were neither radical nor heroic. Rather, their goal was to inculcate the Islamic faith in society. button. The acceptance of Islam in the kingdom of Buton followed a top-down model, with the elite class accepting Islam first, followed by the development and acceptance of Islam by the lower classes of society.

Glomerular Expression of S100A8 in Lupus Nephritis: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.

IntroductionLupus nephritis (LN) is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality. Glomerular injury is associated with different pathogeneses and clinical presentations in LN patients. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of this disease using bioinformatics analysis.MethodsTo characterize glomeruli in LN, microarray datasets GSE113342 and GSE32591 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LN glomeruli and normal glomeruli. Functional enrichment analyses and protein–protein interaction network analyses were then performed. Module analysis was performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape software. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to identify the glomerular expression of S100A8 in various International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) class LN patients. The image of each glomerulus was acquired using a digital imaging system, and the green fluorescence intensity was quantified using Image-Pro Plus software.ResultsA total of 13 DEGs, consisting of 12 downregulated genes and one upregulated gene (S100A8), were identified in the microarray datasets. The functions and pathways associated with the DEGs mainly include inflammatory response, innate immune response, neutrophil chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, cell adhesion, cell–cell signaling, and infection. We also found that monocytes and activated natural killer cells were upregulated in both GSE113342 and GSE32591. Glomerular S100A8 staining was significantly enhanced compared to that in the controls, especially in class IV.ConclusionsThe DEGs identified in the present study help us understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of LN. Our results show that glomerular S100A8 expression varies in different pathological types; however, further research is required to confirm the role of S100A8 in LN.

Training on Herbal Soap Preparation From the Extract Combination of Ketepeng Leaf and Sirih Leaf

The problem of sanitation and hygiene is one of the problems faced by many people in Indonesia, especially in the current state of the Covid 19 pandemic. Not to mention the thing that is faced by the people of the Mabar village, Medan Deli sub-district, Medan City is the poor sanitation and hygiene of the community, especially those who live in dense settlements, so it is necessary to campaign for healthy living behaviors, one of which is through counseling on healthy living behaviors in maintaining personal health during the COVID-19 pandemic. and accompanied by training in the manufacture of antibacterial soap to increase public interest and awareness regarding the importance of healthy living. Soap products have developed into a primary need in today's society. These products are used every day by all levels of society, both upper, middle, and lower classes. The partners involved in community service are community groups in Neighborhood IX, Mabar sub-district, Medan Deli sub-district, Medan City. which is quite potential to be developed through a training program for making antibacterial herbal soaps, one of which is made from ketepeng leaves and betel leaves which are widely believed by the community to be effective in curing skin diseases. Several studies have proven that ketepeng and betel leaves have high antibacterial activity which have the potential to be developed into antibacterial soap products.Housewives and teenagers of productive age who are the targets of this service do not yet have productive activities. This training program is expected to provide business opportunities to the community so that it can improve the economy. The soap products produced can be used to meet household needs or can be sold to the surrounding community. With training in making antibacterial herbal soaps, expenses can be reduced and even can improve the household economy.

Differentiating Between Acute Decompensated Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Infarction

BackgroundPatients with aortic stenosis (AS) are susceptible to myocardial ischemia and often present acutely, making it challenging to differentiate between a type 1 NSTEMI and acute decompensated aortic stenosis. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Troponin T (TnT) (>5 fold above the upper limit of normal), ischemic ECG and angina, to predict a type 1 non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with severe AS and acute presentations. MethodsPatients with severe AS and acute symptoms: angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class 3/4), dyspnea (New York Heart Association 4) and/or syncope were included. The endpoints were a type 1 NSTEMI defined by the presence of a coronary thrombus or > 90% stenosis and obstructive CAD defined as >70% stenosis, by computed tomography (CT) and/or invasive coronary angiography (ICA). ResultsOut of 273 patients, 6.2% had a type 1 NSTEMI. Positive TnT, ischemic ECG and angina demonstrated negative predictive values of 95%, 94% and 97% respectively and positive predictive values of 12%, 9% and 13% respectively. Specificity increased with all three metrics (95%), whilst sensitivity and positive predictive value reduced (18% and 19% respectively). 39.2% of patients had obstructive CAD. Positive TnT, ischemic ECG and angina demonstrated sensitivity of 64%, 34% and 41% respectively and specificity of 57%, 77% and 77% respectively. ConclusionsAngina, ischemic ECG and positive TnT are common among patients with AS presenting acutely and often not associated with a type 1 NSTEMI. These metrics, if positive, cannot reliably differentiate between a type 1 NSTEMI and acute decompensated AS. Coronary imaging using either CT or ICA is necessary to make a definitive diagnosis of a type 1 NSTEMI in patients with severe AS.

How Wealth Inequality Affects Happiness: The Perspective of Social Comparison.

Since Easterlin pointed out that economic growth in nations does not guarantee increasing happiness for the average citizen, the underlying reason has remained controversial. The present study focuses on income inequality to explain the “Easterlin Paradox,” ignoring the permanent inequality that long-term wealth accumulation brings. Based on social comparison theory, the literature aims to determine how wealth inequality, which accompanies economic growth, diminishes one’s happiness (inequality aversion). Specifically, we conduct this study in which we split the wealth inequality into the upward wealth inequality and the downward wealth inequality as measures of upward comparison and downward comparison, respectively. The upward wealth inequality measures the average gap between one and the better-off in wealth while the downward wealth inequality measures the average gap between one and the worse-off in wealth. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the area of respondent is analyzed and the family life cycle is tested as a moderator. The main findings of the paper are as follows: (1) The empirical test results of hypothesis 1 indicate that the upward wealth inequality aversion (jealousy effect: people envy who is richer than themselves) is stronger than the downward wealth inequality inclination (proud effect: people enjoy having a superior position in the wealth hierarchy). It is due to the psychological preference: loss aversion. As an increase in upward distance implies a loss in relative status and an increase in downward distance implies a gain in relative status, people focus more on loss rather than gain. (2) The empirical test results of hypothesis 2 indicate that residents who live in rural areas do not have a proud effect as much as those who live in urban areas. There is a huge urban-rural wealth gap in China. With the expansion of the social network, people living in rural areas realize that even he is almost the rich in rural areas but still the lower classes in the whole society. It is hard for rural residents to have a proud effect. (3) The empirical test results of hypothesis 3 indicate that family members have the strongest upward inequality aversion in the middle-stage phase of the life cycle (when the family head is approximately 50). During the family life cycle, inequality aversion will be different in different life stages due to the changes in economic status expectations. At the beginning of the family life cycle, family members assume their life has limitless possibilities, and they have high expectations for the future. Logically, they can be easily satisfied by achieving a little more than their peers. In later periods, with increasing age, the members will pay more attention to health instead of wealth. The results shed light on how macroeconomics influence changes in individual psychology.

PENYULUHAN DAN PELATIHAN CARA PEMASANGAN GAS YANG AMAN UNTUK MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN TANAH SEREAL, KECAMATAN TAMBORA, JAKARTA BARAT

Since 2007, the government has launched a policy to convert kerosene to LPG gas. This is due to statistical data in 2007, kerosene use in Indonesia has reached 9.9 million kiloliters per year. This is a waste of energy if the government continues to allocate subsidies for kerosene. The PKM activity this time is in Sereal Village, Tambora District in West Jakarta. The area is a densely populated area and is a middle to lower class society. The community shows that there are some of them who still use kerosene for cooking purposes and there are still people who are afraid of installing LPG gas because they do not know how to install gas LPG safely. The purpose of PKM this time is to hold counseling and training for the installation of safety gas for the community. The method of implementation is to be held one day at the Tanah Sereal village office by inviting the surrounding community. Basically, the people are understand the use of natural gas conversion but they are reluctant to do so. Therefore, the IPTEKS description given to Tanah Sereal residents is to provide some posters or information papers on the safe installation of LPG gas so the people can understand this well. The implementing this PKM was welcomed enthusiastically by the residents at the local village office. In conclusion, it is expected that the community will have good knowledge in installing LPG gas and this training can be applied directly to the Tanah Sereal community.

Social Commitment in Writing

Whether literature should include or exclude politics as its subject matter is a question over which opinions would widely differ. However, in this article an endeavour has been made to high light the literature written from the point of view of the socialist consciousness. A number of representative writers’ works are referred to as examples to show how they tried to connect literature with the contemporary events. The article concludes that literature while not fully socialist but sufficiently critical of class society will reveal important truths about the society and, thus, contribute to the freeing of the human consciousness from the limitations which class society has imposed on it.

Emotional Dysregulation in Adults from 10 World Societies: An Epidemiological Latent Class Analysis of the Adult-Self-Report

Background/ObjectiveEmotional dysregulation (ED) is a dimensional psychological domain, previously operationalized by instruments of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) for children and adolescents; however, its cross-cultural and bottom-up characteristics among adult populations are still unknown. MethodWe examined scores obtained on the Adult Self-Report (ASR) by 9,238 18- to 59-year-olds from 10 societies that differed in social, economic, geographic, and other characteristics. A Latent Class Analysis was performed on the data from each society. ResultsIn each society, a dysregulated class (DYS) was identified, which was characterized by elevated scores on most ASR syndromes. The mean prevalence of DYS was 9.2% (6.1-12.7%). The best models ranged from three to five latent classes in the different societies. ConclusionsAlthough the number of identified classes and the prevalence of ED varied across societies, a DYS class was found in each society, suggesting the need to adopt a dimensional view of psychopathology and a cross cultural perspective also in adult populations.

A STUDY ON AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ESI SCHEME AND IT'S BENEFITS AMONG ITS BENEFICIARY EMPLOYEES IN CHHATTISGARH.

ESI scheme is one of the measures of social security and health insurance in this country it applies to a special class of society those who works in private institutions and factories. It provides not only medical benets but also other benets like maternity, sickness, disablement, funeral, dependent benets which is not provided under any other health insurance schemes. So, it becomes essential to assess the awareness and knowledge about ESI scheme and its benets among beneciary employees in Chhattisgarh. It was a cross sectional study done in ESI dispensaries of Chhattisgarh. 420 beneciary employees were selected by Multi-stage Random Sampling Method. Predesigned, Pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the awareness and knowledge about ESI scheme and its benets. It was found 100% insured persons were aware about medical benet, 77.14% were aware about Sickness benet, 9.52% were aware about Maternity benet, 66.90% were aware about Disablement benet, and only 1.19% were aware about Dependent and Funeral benet. Main source of awareness (68.80%) of ESI benets for them were Co-workers/Friends & Family, (97.85%) were not aware about continuation of availing medical benets after retirement, (65.24) of beneciary employees were aware about amount of wages deducted from salary for ESI Scheme, (64.76) of beneciary employees were not aware about formalities for claiming various benets provided by ESI scheme.

MASYARAKAT KELAS BAWAH DALAM LIRIK LAGU-LAGU IWAN FALS (1981-1994)

Abstract This article discusses Iwan Fals' musical career and his songs with the theme of social criticism, especially songs with the theme of lower class society from 1981-1994. The purpose of this article is to explain the meaning or content contained in the lyrics of Iwan Fals' songs with the theme of lower class society which will then be linked to the context of society at that time. This article uses the Historical method which is presented in a descriptive-analytical form and utilizes news sources, cassette covers, newspapers and magazines, photos and relevant books. To examine the lyrics of the song specifically using the semiotic method of Roland Barthes. Based on the facts collected, Iwan Fals is a stage name and has the real name virgiawan listanto. As a child, he often played with poor children in the village behind his house. He began to recognize music from his boarding house in Bandung. His success in winning the 1979 Country Music Festival made Musica Studio recruit Iwan Fals. Together with musica he completed 13 albums between the period 1981-1988.Iwan Fals considers his songs are the result of his observations of society. From the results of the analysis, Iwan Fals' songs have a lot to say about the life of the lower class. His partiality to the lower class of society is inseparable from his background in life which is close to the community. Keywords: Iwan Fals, Lower Class Society, Music Industry, Semiotics

Music as Therapy for the ‘exceptionally wealthy’ at the Nineteenth-Century Ticehurst Asylum

AbstractMusic was widely used within lunatic asylums in nineteenth-century England as part of the ‘moral management’ of patients via entertainment and occupation. The asylum at Ticehurst stood apart on account of its patient body, drawn from the upper classes of society. Documents relating to music at Ticehurst shed new light on the place of music within mental health treatment in the nineteenth century, and particularly on the perceived role of music in understanding the function of the brain in listening, emotions and the intellect. The main body of the article draws on the Ticehurst archives together with patient accounts of their musical experiences to investigate the ways in which music was used at the asylum. The final part takes as its focus an article published by the asylum’s manager and medical officer, Herbert Hayes Newington, in which the appreciation of music by patients comes under scrutiny.