Education Classes Research Articles

Knowledge and management practices of infantile colic among mothers attending the paediatric outpatient clinic in port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Infantile colic is a functional gastrointestinal disorder not explained by organic or biochemical abnormalities. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of infantile colic management among mothers in Southern Nigeria. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out over one-year period using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: Of 327 mothers recruited, most were of age group 28-37 years 204 (62.4%), had tertiary level of education 226 (69.1%), with parity of two 214 (65.4%) and were presently nursing infants of 1-12 months of age 227 (69.4%). Majority 259 (79.2%) lived in urban areas and belonged to the upper socioeconomic class 163 (49.8%). Most mothers 249 (76.1%) had heard of infantile colic majorly from parents/relatives/in-laws (29.1%). Majority of them said colic was a physiologic process 201 (82.0%) while 142 (58.0%), due to gas in the intestines. Incorrect knowledge of features of colic included vomiting, passage of green-coloured stools and fever. Most mothers had good knowledge of infantile colic (44.3%) and this was significantly associated with higher level of education and socioeconomic class. Most children 206 (63.0%) brought to the clinic had had infantile colic which started mostly at 0-4 months 223 (68.2%) and resolved by 3-5 months of age 171 (52.3%). The most common treatment practices were the use of nospamin (38.1%) and grippe water (33.5%), prescribed mostly by healthcare workers (27.3%) and purchased from chemist shops (71.8%). Conclusion: There was good knowledge of infantile colic among mothers in the study. However, there is still need to increase public enlightenment on the benign and self-limiting nature of infantile colic.

Exploring multi-level factors determining social participation of students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive physical education classes

Exploring multi-level factors determining social participation of students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive physical education classes

BADMINTON NA ESCOLA: DESCOBRINDO O ESPORTE

Badminton can be worked in school as an element used to guarantee the pedagogical principles of diversification of content and the possibility of offering equal opportunities for girls and boys attend classes in elementary school Physical Education. This work was carried out in the Full-Time Educational Center Elisa Bessa Freire in the city of Manaus in 2015. The objective was to expand the body culture of the students and work different skills, moves and abilities. The methodology was carried out through lecture. The environmental impact to the project's development had positive results due spark interest in the school community as well as students and teachers from other schools. Expected to have continuity of the project and that there is new research partnerships with other schools, students and school community to publicize this new sport.

Perception of students' motivations in gymnastic activities in physical education classes

Introduction: Gymnastics encompasses a diverse spectrum of practices considered fundamental for students’ education process, promoting their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in an integrated manner. Nonetheless, its adoption in the school context falls short compared to other modalities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reasons behind the lack of enthusiasm for gymnastic activities, examining students' preferences and experiences through the analysis of their perceptions. Methodology: The study group consisted of a total of 232 participants from a school cluster located in Oliveira de Azeméis, from the 5th, 7th, and 10th grades, to ensure the representativeness of the early years of each study cycle, specifically the initial, intermediate, and final stages. An adapted version of the questionnaire by Silva and Ferro (2016) was used for data collection, as well as version 29 of the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for data analysis. Results: Age did not significantly influenced the enjoyment of gymnastic activities; a significant association was noted between gender and the enjoyment of the practice, as well as between gender and the perception of gymnastics as a feminine modality; there was a significant association between the appreciation of gymnastics in the school context and its practice outside of it, as well as with the perceived difficulty in its execution. Conclusions: Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective strategies that promote gymnastics in schools, ensuring that students can benefit from its advantages.

Model of effectiveness of physical education and health-improving aquafitness classes with women of the first period of mature age

The peculiarities of adaptation of individuals of different morphological types to physical education and health classes have been studied fragmentarily – by individual types of motor activity and in individual age groups. Taking into account morpho- functional features when conducting physical education and health classes will ensure the implementation of the principle of individualization of physical activity. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the effectiveness of of physical education and health-improving aquafitness classes based on data on the adaptation characteristics of women in the first period of mature age of different somatotypes. The study involved women aged 25-35 who had no experience in sports. It has been established that representatives of different morphological types have significant differences in the dynamics of indicators of physical development and functional fitness under the influence of aquafitness classes. Adaptive changes in representatives of endomorphic and endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotypes are more pronounced than in representatives of ectomorphic and balanced somatotypes. The developed efficiency model demonstrates the peculiarities of adaptation of women of the first period of mature age of different morphological types to aquafitness classes. This model is advisable to use when programming aquafitness classes in order to differentiate loads depending on morpho-functional features. This approach will allow taking into account the individual characteristics of women in their first period of mature age when conducting such classes, which will increase their effectiveness.

THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING FITNESS TECHNOLOGIES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

The review article examines the issue of implementing fitness technologies in physical education classes. Fitness is one of the most popular health systems in the world, which allows you to meet the modern needs of different age groups of the population who want to make their figure beautiful and their health strong. It is defined as a way of increasing motivation to attend classes, as well as through the possibility of a positive impact on the body, physical and mental state of students due to the existence of different categories of programs and directions in fitness depending on their focus. The article presents the results of testing and research to determine the relationship to fitness, the preferences of respondents and the goals they set when it comes to physical activity. The survey of respondents took place during December 2023. Students of higher education at Oles Honchar Dnipro National University were involved in the survey. It has been established that health fitness is the most popular among student youth. Among student youth, it is a means of forming a healthy lifestyle. It can be assumed that this type of fitness has gained such popularity among students due to the fact that the muscles of the body are worked out without heavy physical exertion, strength training and breathing exercises are combined, and it also does not require special equipment (except for a mat most often). Based on the analysis of available research, the changes that can occur in the health of students under the condition of regular health fitness are summarized. Referring to all the above-mentioned factors, the importance of such implementation is determined.

Оrganization of the educational process in physical education using multimedia technologies

Modern society is inextricably linked with the process of informatization. Computer technologies are being introduced everywhere. At the same time, one of the priority areas of the informatization process of modern society is the informatization of education. In education, multimedia is used to create computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTS) and reference books such as encyclopedias and collections. CBT allows the user to go through a series of presentations, thematic text and related illustrations in various formats of information presentation. Edutainment is an informal term used to combine education and entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment. Learning theory has developed significantly over the past decade due to the advent of multimedia. Several research areas have emerged, such as cognitive load theory, multimedia learning and others. The possibilities for learning and education are almost endless. The idea of media convergence is also becoming one of the most important factors in the field of education, especially in higher education. Physical education and sports are an integral part of students' lives. Today, the issues of improving the quality and efficiency of students' physical education and sports are becoming more and more relevant. The main objective of the presented article is to analyze the optimization of the training process and physical education classes for students through the integration of digital technologies. At the current time, the tasks associated with improving the quality and efficiency of the training process are becoming more and more relevant. Thus, the integration of digital technologies in the implementation of tasks related to physical education and sports in the lives of students has become an urgent direction as a result of the development of scientific and technological development. Digital technologies make it possible to make classes more effective, personalized and attractive for young people who actively use gadgets and online resources in everyday life. The use of digital technologies in physical education provides an opportunity for more accurate control and analysis of the training process.

University Students' Perceptions of Physical Education and Sport Classes: A Quantitative Analysis

University Students' Perceptions of Physical Education and Sport Classes: A Quantitative Analysis

Understanding attitudes, knowledge, and use of e-health services in the health system in Spain.

The objective of this study was to understand factors that influence the attitude, knowledge, use, and access to e-health services in Spain. We examined the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of participants and their attitudes toward, knowledge of and use of video-consultation, digital medical records, and experiences with digital devices. We conducted secondary data analysis using information collected by the Health Barometer # 8822 carried out by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. People with a lower level of education and social class, less digital experience, older, and foreign nationality have a low use of digital medical records. Similarly, the attitude and willingness to receive medical care via video-consultation were related to these socio-demographic factors. Thus, the use of e-health services might exacerbate inequity of the health system in Spain. To improve equity related to the e-health services, we recommend implementing a tailored approach supported by educational programs.

Effects of Using Virtual Reality Technology on Forehand and Backhand in Table Tennis

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of using virtual reality technology on forehand and backhand in table tennis, and to investigate whether it can enhance the skill level and sports learning interests of college students. The research will explore the practical value of virtual reality applications in physical education and evaluate their potential to enhance the effectiveness of table tennis training. Materials and Methods: This study selected male students from the Guang Dong Engineering Polytechnic's physical education classes of 2023, who are non-sports majors and aged between 18 and 20 years old. Utilizing a table tennis skills assessment, 40 participants were systematically assigned to two groups, an experimental group and a control group, with 20 individuals in each group. The mean and standard deviation of the participant's responses were calculated from the collected survey data. Both the pre-experimental and post-experimental tests, conducted after an 8-week training period, were statistically analyzed using the t-test. Result: The experimental results showed that: 1. Virtual reality technology could not effectively improve the physical fitness of the control group and the experimental group; 2. There was no significant difference in the sports learning interest of the control group whether pre-test or post-test, the experiment under the traditional teaching methods; 3. The experimental group's sports learning interest was significantly improved under the intervention of virtual reality technology; 4. There was a significant difference in sports learning interest between the control group and the experimental group in the post-experimental result analysis. 5. The paired sample t-test of each group was carried out for the skill test after the experiment between the control group and the experimental group. The results showed that the skill level of both groups was significantly improved after the experiment, but the skill level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group under the influence of virtual reality technology. Conclusion: The scientific application of virtual technology in physical education classrooms should not only give full play to the actual functions of physical education but also ensure the rationalization of the exercise time in physical education classrooms, which is a new problem that needs to be considered in physical education courses in the future. At the same time, the school's emphasis on the informatization of physical education is an urgent part of the current virtual reality technology in the use of university physical education classrooms, which has a long way to go and requires the investment of time and cost and the accumulation of practical proof.

Implementation fidelity of a multisite maternity waiting homes programme in rural Zambia: application of the conceptual framework for implementation fidelity to a complex, hybrid-design study

BackgroundImplementation fidelity measures are critical for understanding complex interventions. Though maternity waiting homes (MWHs) are recommended by the WHO and have been used to help pregnant women access health facilities...

Improving Cooking Skills, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Clinical Outcomes for Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT).

This protocol describes a study to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT) for adults with cardiometabolic abnormalities. The TK-MT protocol describes a hybrid lifestyle intervention combining in-person and virtual instruction in culinary skills, nutrition education, movement, and mindfulness with community support and behavior change strategies. This 18-month-long randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a 12-month, 24 class program, assess preliminary study efficacy, and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The intervention program includes 16 weeks of intensive hands-on culinary and lifestyle education classes followed by eight monthly virtual classes. Psychometric assessments and biometric data will be collected at baseline, 4, 12, and 18 months. Semi-structured interviews and open-ended surveys will be conducted during the 12-month follow-up assessment. Feasibility will be assessed through recruitment, attendance, and fidelity data. Secondary outcomes will analyze changes in health behaviors, biometric data, and anthropometric measures using mixed-effects regression models. Qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis. As envisioned and described in detail in this manuscript, this study will inform the development and implementation of reproducible, scalable teaching kitchen interventions. The protocol described here is intended to set the stage for future investigations to evaluate evidence for the impact of teaching kitchen interventions on dietary habits, physical activity, and overall health and well-being.

Find the apartment’s flaws! the impact of virtual reality on vocational students’ performance in general education classes and the roles of flow experience, motivation, and sense of presence

Abstract Technological advancements are rapidly transforming education, particularly immersive technologies, such as virtual reality (VR). Despite extensive research on VR’s potential to enhance learning, its effectiveness in vocational education and training (VET) remains underexplored. This study evaluates the performance of VET students using a VR environment compared with a desktop computer-based approach. In 2023, a quasi-experimental study with a randomized controlled trial design was conducted with 81 participants from a Swiss vocational school. Following an instruction of how to identify housing defects, the participants were required to identify the defects in a virtual apartment and communicate them verbally by thinking aloud. Various statistical tests were employed to specifically analyze the collected data and evaluate the effects of VR on the students’ performance in addition to the roles of sense of presence, motivation, and flow experience. The findings indicated that using VR with head-mounted displays led to a notable enhancement in performance when compared with the desktop approach. Motivation and sense of presence were identified as critical factors for improving outcomes. The study also revealed a complex relationship between sense of presence and performance, with neither motivation nor flow experience acting as direct mediators. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of VR on VET learning outcomes and provide insights for future research and practice. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the advantages and intricacies of incorporating immersive technologies into educational settings.

디지털리터러시 역량 함양을 위한 초등학교 특수학급 국어 수업 실행 연구: 놀이 중심 교육법을 중심으로

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences and meanings derived by students with disabilities in a special education class, where a play-centered educational approach was applied to enhance digital literacy skills. Methods To achieve the research objective, the researcher utilized the action research method. This study employed the action research procedures of problem identification, implementation, reflection, revision, and re-implementation. In this context, the special education teacher and four special education students served as the researcher and research observers. Results Initially, by applying a play-centered educational approach to foster digital literacy skills, students could easily engage in lessons using digital devices. The conclusions drawn from the action research process in the Korean language class for the special education class, which incorporated elements of the play-centered educational approach, are as follows. To begin with, this study was able to address and improve issues identified in the school setting through action research. Moreover, the conclusions based on the experiences and meanings of students participating in the Korean language class, which applied elements of the play-centered educational approach to enhance digital literacy skills, are as follows. Firstly, students were able to gain experience in using digital devices. Additionally, students could create new content using digital devices. Furthermore, students showed interest in digital devices and demonstrated an active attitude during lessons. Conclusions The results of this study will be prepared to seek ways to cultivate digital devices in Korean classes using the play-centered education method of disabled students in Korean language class using the play center education law.

Penerapan Prompt Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Identifikasi Melodi Dan Ritme Sederhana Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Usia 7-8 TahunDi Sekolah XYZ Jakarta

This study aims to assess the implementation of physical and visual prompts in enhancing the skills of identifying melodies and rhythms in special needs children aged 7-8 years at XYZ School in Jakarta. This study involved four children attending a special music education class, who have difficulties in identifying melodies and rhythms on the piano. Using an action research method, the instruments used included questionnaires and a Likert scale evaluation rubric for quantitative data, as well as observations and anecdotal notes for qualitative data. The physical prompts used involved direct assistance to the participants' hands to guide them to the correct note positions, while the visual prompts consisted of visual cards displaying musical notation. Initially, the participants' ability to identify melodies and rhythms was 0%, categorized as 'Not Developed'. After two intervention cycles, the ability to identify melodies increased to 98.21% and simple rhythms reached 100%, both categorized as 'Developed as Expected'. These findings support the integration of physical and visual prompts into the curriculum of special schools and teacher training, to maximize the learning potential of special needs children. Further studies are recommended to help educators understand various types of prompts and their applications in a broader educational context.

The Impact of Exercise Play on the Biomechanical Characteristics of Single-Leg Jumping in 5- to 6-Year-Old Preschool Children.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week self-designed exercise game intervention on the kinematic and kinetic data of the supporting leg in preschool children during the single-leg jump. Thirty 5- to 6-year-old preschool children were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The BTS SMART DX motion capture analysis system was used to collect single-leg jump data before the intervention. The experimental group underwent a 12-week intervention, with self-designed exercise games conducted three times a week for 30 min each session, while the control group only participated in regular kindergarten recess activities and physical education classes. After the intervention, the same equipment was used to collect single-leg jump data again, and the kinematic and kinetic data were analyzed using Anybody 7.4 simulation software. After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant changes in joint angles and joint torques, with a notable increase in the force exerted by dominant muscles such as the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius and a significant increase in the ground reaction force. Although the control group also showed some changes in the dominant muscles, the changes were not as significant as those in the experimental group. A 12-week exercise game intervention significantly improved the technique and force characteristics of 5- to 6-year-old preschool children during the single-leg jump, making muscle exertion more focused and efficient and effectively enhancing explosive power and performance during the single-leg jump.

Towards Campus Integrity: Integrating Anti-Corruption Education with Islamic Religious Education

The widespread corruption in Indonesia is a major obstacle to the country's economic and social progress. Instilling anti-corruption values in the next generation is a critical responsibility of higher education institutions. This study looks at how Islamic Religious Education classes in Indonesian universities have begun to incorporate lessons about against corruption. The faculty and students of Bhinneka PGRI University participated in a qualitative case study. Documentation, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus groups were used to obtain facts. The findings demonstrated that a number of strategies were employed to incorporate anti-corruption education into Islamic Religious Education courses. These included reviewing the curriculum and syllabus, creating interactive teaching materials and methods, and organising student activities to promote a culture that rejects corruption. Integrity, compassion, autonomy, discipline, responsibility, hard work, simplicity, courage, and fairness are nine anti-corruption principles that were found to be included in the course materials. Additionally, a number of successful learning strategies were implemented, including learning through projects, learning in context, learning in collaboration, learning through discovery, value clarification tools, and modelling good behaviour. Students are encouraged to cultivate their character and integrity through the incorporation of anti-corruption instruction within Islamic Religious instruction classes. This will equip them to take on leadership roles in the fight against corruption in the future. University syllabi should incorporate anti-corruption education, according to this report, and additional research into alternative learning modalities should be pursued to foster an anti-corruption culture on campus.

The impact of socioeconomic status on the health of elderly individuals in China

This study investigates the health status of China’s elderly population, emphasizing the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and the mediating role of exercise frequency. Using data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and an ordered logistic regression model, SES is assessed through income, education, social class, and social insurance. The findings reveal that income, education, and social class positively correlate with health outcomes, with income showing a slightly stronger impact on women. Urban elderly populations particularly benefit from higher education and social class, while the effects of medical and pension insurance are mixed, suggesting that insured individuals often have pre-existing health issues. Exercise frequency yielded limited effectiveness in improving health for those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Gender and marital status also influenced outcomes: men reported better health than women, and marriage positively affected rural but not urban elderly individuals. These results highlight the critical role of socioeconomic factors in shaping elderly health and underscore the need for policies addressing urban–rural gaps and improving socioeconomic conditions to enhance overall health in this demographic.

Rationale, design, and methodology of My Body Is Fit and Fabulous at school (MyBFF@school) study: a multi-pronged intervention program to combat obesity among Malaysian schoolchildren

BackgroundChildhood obesity has increased rapidly in recent years and is now a global epidemic. To combat this, MyBFF@school program, a multi-faceted obesity intervention incorporating physical activity in the form of small-sided games (SSG), nutrition, and psychology components for schoolchildren was designed. This paper is aimed at describing the protocol of the MyBFF@school program and presenting the baseline findings including the overweight and obesity prevalence.MethodsMyBFF@school is a school-based, cluster randomized controlled trial (C-RCT) study. The investigators selected government schools from Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan by stratified proportionate random sampling based on the multi-ethnic population and the urban–rural location of schools. Subsequently, the schools were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. The intervention schools underwent MyBFF@school program, whereas the control followed standard school curriculum for a duration of six months. The intervention modules replaced the existing two physical education classes and one co-curriculum activity per week. Three assessments i.e. at baseline, month-3 and month-6 were conducted. Anthropometric, clinical examination, blood, physical fitness, nutrition, and psychology parameters were collected.ResultsTwenty-three out of 1,196 primary schools (seven interventions and 16 controls) and 15 out of 416 secondary schools (six interventions and nine controls). The investigators screened 11,950 primary (age 9–11 years) and 10,866 secondary (age 13, 14, 16 years) schoolchildren. The investigators found 3,516 primary schoolchildren (29.4%) and 2,910 secondary schoolchildren (26.8%) had BMI z-score of more than + 1SD who were eligible for the study. Of these, 39.7% (N = 1397) of the primary and 35.8% (N = 1041) of the secondary schoolchildren agreed to participate in the study. The mean (SD) characteristics for the participating primary and secondary schoolchildren were: BMI z-score, + 2.29 (± 0.81) and + 2.10 (± 0.71); waist circumference, 75.06 (± 9.6) cm and 85.5 (± 10.9) cm; percentage body fat, 37.8% (± 6.5%) and 39.2% (± 7.3%); and muscle mass, 14.7 (± 2.9) and 23.1 (± 5.2) kg respectively.ConclusionMyBFF@school program, a school-based multi-pronged intervention was designed to combat childhood obesity. Screening of 22,816 primary and secondary schoolchildren found 29.4% of primary schoolchildren and 26.8% of secondary schoolchildren to be overweight and obese which reflected the urgency for an effective intervention.Trial registrationClinical trial number: NCT04155255, November 7, 2019 (Retrospective registered). National Medical Research Register: NMRR-13–439-16563. Registered July 23, 2013. The intervention program was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia and Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD), Ministry of Education Malaysia. It was funded by the Ministry of Health Malaysia.

Anxiety and Attitude: Unpacking the Link in Physical Education

This study explores the relationship between physical education (PE) anxiety and students' attitudes toward the subject. The results reveal a moderate negative linear correlation between PE anxiety and students' attitudes, with a correlation coefficient of -0.405 (p-value = 0.000). This suggests that higher levels of PE anxiety are associated with less favorable attitudes toward the subject. Further analysis indicates that PE anxiety significantly influences attitudes, emphasizing its strong impact on students' perceptions and engagement. The findings highlight the importance of addressing anxiety in PE settings to foster more positive attitudes and enhance student experiences. Students with higher anxiety levels tend to develop negative perceptions of PE, while those with lower anxiety exhibit more favorable attitudes. Implementing strategies such as creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment, focusing on personal growth, and emphasizing skill development can help reduce anxiety and promote a more inclusive, engaging atmosphere. These approaches are essential for improving participation, motivation, and overall enjoyment in physical education classes.