Clark Model Research Articles

A Brief School-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Japanese Adolescents With Severe Posttraumatic Stress.

This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a brief school-based cognitive-behavioral intervention program for Japanese adolescents exposed to the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. The participants were 22 adolescents with severe posttraumatic stress symptoms at the time of the study in March 2014. They completed a single-session 4-step intervention program based on Ehlers and Clark's (2000) model at their school. Symptom status was assessed at 3 time points (preintervention, postintervention, and 4-month follow-up) using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (Weiss, 2004) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977). The results showed significant improvements in all posttraumatic stress symptoms at postintervention (d = 0.81), and the effects were maintained throughout the 4-month follow-up period (d = 1.10). However, no improvement in depressive symptoms was shown. Results from this pilot study suggest that school-based cognitive-behavioral intervention programs are feasible and show promise for Japanese adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms regardless of cross-cultural differences, but that additional research examining effectiveness is needed. Despite the preliminary nature of the findings of this pilot study, the strengths of our intervention were that it was driven by a well-tested theoretical model and required only a single session to administer.

Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for PTSD: a development pilot series

BackgroundRandomised controlled trials have established that face-to-face cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (CT-PTSD) based on Ehlers and Clark's cognitive model of PTSD is highly effective and feasible with low rates of dropout. Access to evidence-based psychological treatments for PTSD is insufficient. Several studies have shown that therapist-assisted treatment delivery over the Internet is a promising way of improving access to cognitive behavioural therapy interventions.ObjectiveTo develop an Internet version of CT-PTSD that significantly reduces therapist contact time without compromising treatment integrity or retention rates.MethodsWe describe the development of an Internet version of CT-PTSD. It implements all the key procedures of face-to-face CT-PTSD, including techniques that focus on the trauma memory, such as memory updating, stimulus discrimination and revisiting the trauma site, as well as restructuring individually relevant appraisals relating to overgeneralisation of danger, guilt, shame or anger, behavioural experiments and planning activities to reclaim quality of life. A cohort of 10 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for PTSD worked through the programme, with remote guidance from a therapist, and they were assessed at pre- and post-treatment on PTSD outcome, mood, work and social adjustment and process measures.ResultsNo patients dropped out. Therapists facilitated the treatment with 192 min of contact time per patient, plus 57 min for reviewing the patient's progress and messages. Internet-delivered CT-PTSD was associated with very large improvements on all outcome and process measures, with 80% of patients achieving clinically significant change and remission from PTSD.ConclusionsInternet-delivered cognitive therapy for PTSD (iCT-PTSD) appears to be an acceptable and efficacious treatment. Therapist time was reduced to less than 25% of time in face-to-face CT-PTSD. Randomised controlled trials are required to evaluate systematically the acceptability and efficacy of iCT-PTSD.Highlights of the articleiCT-PTSD was acceptable to patients and associated with very large improvements on PTSD outcome and process measures.iCT-PTSD required substantially less therapist time than CT-PTSD.iCT-PTSD may be associated with changes in employment status.Randomised controlled trials are required to systematically evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of iCT-PTSD.

Clark model in the general situation

For a unitary operator U in a Hilbert space H the family of its unitary perturbations by rank one operators with fixed range is parametrized by a complex parameter γ, ǀγǀ = 1. Namely, all such unitary perturbations are operators U γ := U + (γ − 1)( ·, b 1) H b, where b ∈ H, ǁbǁ = 1, b 1 = U −1 b, ǀγǀ = 1. For ǀγǀ < 1, the operators U γ are contractions with one-dimensional defects. Restricting our attention to the non-trivial part of perturbation, we assume that b is a cyclic vector for U, i.e., $${\rm H} = \overline {span} \left\{ {{U^n}b:n \in \mathbb{Z}} \right\}$$ . In this case, the operator U γ, ǀγǀ < 1 is a completely non-unitary contraction and thus unitarily equivalent to its functional model M γ , which is the compression of the multiplication by the independent variable z onto the model space $${K_{{\theta _\gamma }}}$$ ; here, θ γ is the characteristic function of the contraction U γ . The Clark operator Φ γ is a unitary operator intertwining the operator U γ , ǀγǀ < 1 (in the spectral representation of the operator U) and its model M γ , M γ Φ γ = Φ γ U γ . In the case when the spectral measure of U is purely singular (equivalently, the characteristic function θ γ is inner), the operator Φ γ was described from a slightly different point of view by D. Clark [3]. The case where θ γ is an extreme point of the unit ball in H ∞ was treated by D. Sarason [18], using the sub-Hardy spaces H(θ) introduced by L. de Branges. In this paper, we treat the general case and give a systematic presentation of the subject. We first find a formula for the adjoint operator Φ * , which is represented by a singular integral operator, generalizing in a sense the normalized Cauchy transform studied by A. Poltoratskii [16]. We begin by presenting a “universal” representation that works for any transcription of the functional model. We then give the formulas adapted for specific transcriptions of the model, such as Sz.-Nagy–Foias and the de Branges–Rovnyak transcriptions. Finally, we obtain the representation of Φ γ .

Maximum sustainable yield harvesting in an age‐structured fishery population model

AbstractA generic type age‐structured fishery population model consisting of two harvestable age classes is formulated. Optimal harvest rates are determined with uniform fishing mortality and perfectly selective fishing, respectively. Selectivity allows for differentiating the fishing mortality among different age classes. Sustainable yield–biomass functions are developed, and the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) solutions are found under both exploitation schemes. The gain of perfectly selective fishing over uniform (or biomass) fishing is examined under various assumptions, and it is proved that the benefit of selective harvesting increases when the harvestable fish population becomes more heterogeneous in terms of weights, or values. In contrast to the surplus production model, or Clark model, the analysis also demonstrates that MSY with different age classes is not purely a biological concept.

Bracy Clark's 3D Horse Hoof Model

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;During the recent reordering of the RCVS headquarters a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;6 inch square box was found containing a cardboard model and a folded piece of paper. Further&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; investigation revealed it was something rather exciting – the pasteboard model of a horse’s hoof. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Colleagues at the Royal Veterinary College kindly produced a 3D model of the Hoof, which you can view in the interactive video below. You can also read more about Bracy Clark's model hoof on our &lt;a title="Horse hoof blog" href="http://www.rcvskblog.org/bracy_clarks_hoof_update/"&gt;Blog&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="sketchfab-embed-wrapper"&gt;&lt;iframe src="https://sketchfab.com/models/931a2b20b3804a02a39e89bd588522b1/embed" frameborder="0" width="640" height="480"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin: 5px; color: #4a4a4a;"&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold; color: #1caad9;" href="https://sketchfab.com/models/931a2b20b3804a02a39e89bd588522b1?utm_medium=embed&amp;amp;utm_source=website&amp;amp;utm_campain=share-popup" target="_blank"&gt;Bracy Clark hoof model c1820&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a style="font-weight: bold; color: #1caad9;" href="https://sketchfab.com/rcvsknowledge?utm_medium=embed&amp;amp;utm_source=website&amp;amp;utm_campain=share-popup" target="_blank"&gt;rcvsknowledge&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a style="font-weight: bold; color: #1caad9;" href="https://sketchfab.com?utm_medium=embed&amp;amp;utm_source=website&amp;amp;utm_campain=share-popup" target="_blank"&gt;Sketchfab&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /&gt;

Political governance and (account)ability of private universities in developing countries

PurposeDue to scarcity of research in governance and accountability in private higher education in developing countries, the purpose of this paper is to explore the tensions surrounding good governance in legitimizing accountability in private universities in developing countries with reference to Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachMixed methods are employed: a quantitative survey of 1,576 students from all 79 private universities; qualitative interviews with 23 stakeholders; and policy documents including the Private University Acts, the World Bank Report and newspapers (1992-2015) were evaluated. The objectives of these mixed methods in this study are juxtaposed and generate complementary insights that together create a bigger picture surrounding governance and accountability issues.FindingsUsing Clark's (1983) triangle model (i.e. state control, academic oligarchy, and market forces together with the external influence of donors and boards of trustees as internal governance) and new institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983), the major contributions of this study are explaining the root causes of the poor governance of private universities through three related factors: the substantial political power and autonomy held by boards of trustees; a lack of enforcement of Private University Act; and a lack of coordination among stakeholders. The coercive power of the state becomes powerless since the board of trustees ultimately enjoys political power and “does whatever it can.” The lack of coordination of the academic oligarchy (e.g. professors and academics) and market forces (represented by students) by the board of trustees creates a paradox of governance and hence a decoupling of formal policies and actual practice.Practical implicationsThe findings have major policy implications for local and international policymakers for improving good governance in private universities in developing countries.Originality/valueThe novelty of the study's findings represents an initial effort to understand the complex and persistent phenomenon of prolonged poor governance of private universities in developing countries, which is largely neglected in the literature. This will undoubtedly contribute to literature and policy implications.

실측수문자료에 의한 Clark 모형의 매개변수 결정

The determination of feasible design flood is the most important to control flood damage in river management. Concentration time and storage constant in the Clark unit hydrograph method mainly affects magnitude of peak flood and shape of hydrograph. Model parameters should be calibrated using observed discharge but due to deficiency of observed data the parameters have been adopted by empirical formula. This study is to suggest concentration time and storage constant based on the observed rainfall-runoff data at GongDo stage station in the Ansung river basin. To do this, five criteria have been suggested to compute root mean square error(RMSE) and residual of oserved value and computed one. Once concentration time and storage constant have been determined from three rainfall-runoff event selected at the station, the five criteria based on observed hydrograph and computed hydrograph by the Clark model have been computed to determine the value of concentration time and storage constant. A criteria has been proposed to determine concentration time and storage constant based on the results of the observed hydrograph and the Clark model. It has also been shown that an exponent value of concentration time-cumulative area curve should be determined based on the shape of watershed.

The Internet of Things in manufacturing innovation processes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute and enrich the scientific debate about the phenomenon called the Internet of Things (IoT) from a managerial perspective. Through the lenses of management and innovation literature, the authors investigate the main facts that characterize the IoT and developed a conceptual framework to interpret its evolution. The framework has then been applied to the case of a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology used for additive manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of the IoT and its main elements has been performed to construct a conceptual framework in a managerial fashion able to describe the evolutionary impacts of the phenomenon on the manufacturing industry. Findings – Through consequential steps, namely radical, modular, architectural and incremental innovation, and by adopting and integrating the Henderson and Clark model, the authors explain the cornerstones of the evolutionary impact of the IoT on the manufacturing industry. Finally, the authors apply the framework to the case of additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Practical implications – The framework’s practical value is related to its employability in interpreting and possibly forecasting the evolution of manufacturing industries thanks to the advent of the IoT, allowing managers to capture value arising from technological changes. Originality/value – This study offers a clear and simple model to interpret the impacts of the IoT. Such a goal has been obtained by systematizing the disconnected research on the topic and arranging such contributions into solid paradigms of the managerial literature.

Electronic structures, elastic and optical properties of M2O5 (M = V, Nb, Ta)

The electronic structures, elastic properties, minimum thermal conductivity at high temperature, and optical properties of three monoclinics, namely, δ-V2O5, ζ-Nb2O5, and B-Ta2O5, are examined using the density-functional theory plane-wave method. Studies have indicated that bonds between the atoms of M2O5 (M = V, Nb, Ta) include covalent and ionic bonds. Good mechanical properties, high hardness, and high ductility tend to increase in the sequence of ζ-Nb2O5→B-Ta2O5→δ-V2O5. The elastic anisotropy of these three materials is significant. The three monoclinics have low minimum thermal conductivity at high temperature. The three-dimensional thermal conductivity diagram of the Clark model based on Young’s modulus in each crystal orientation is anisotropic. In terms of optical properties, the static dielectric constants of δ-V2O5, ζ-Nb2O5, and B-Ta2O5 are 7.89, 4.78, and 4.01, respectively. δ-V2O5 exhibits better absorption of light with longer wavelengths; the absorption wavelength extends to 614 nm. In the infrared and visible spectral regions, the reflectivity and refractivity of δ-V2O5 are larger than those of ζ-Nb2O5 and B-Ta2O5. In the region with a wavelength of less than 394 nm, ζ-Nb2O5 and δ-V2O5 exhibit the maximum and minimum refractivity, respectively. Moreover, the loss function of M2O5 in the visible light region is extremely low; a maximum value is found between 6.00 and 17.00 eV.

Mapping the MMPI–2/MMPI–2–RF Restructured Clinical Scales Onto Mood Markers in an Israeli Sample

ABSTRACTThis study cross-culturally evaluated the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2/MMPI–2 Restructured Form (MMPI–2/MMPI–2–RF) emotion-focused Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales to examine whether their patterns of associations with positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) are as expected based on Tellegen, Watson, and Clark's (1999a, 1999b) mood model. The sample was composed of 100 men and 133 women from psychiatric settings in Israel who completed the MMPI–2 and the Mood Check List (MCL; Zevon & Tellegen, 1982). Results indicated that RCd was substantially correlated with both PA and NA in opposite directions, and that RC2 and RC7 were more highly correlated with PA and NA, respectively. Further, when compared with their Clinical Scale counterparts, RC2 and RC7 exhibited comparable convergent validities and improved discriminant properties. Findings provide support for Tellegen et al.'s (2003) goal to link the RC scales to contemporary conceptualizations of mood.

The Trouble with Common Ground

Tenenberg, Roth and Socha (2016) documents interaction within a paired programming task. The analysis rests on a conceptualization the authors term "We-awareness." "We-awareness", in turn, builds on Tomasello's notion of "shared intentionality" and through it, upon Clark's formulation of Common Ground (CG). In this commentary I review the features of CG. I attempt to show that neither Tomasello's (2014) notion of "shared intentionality" nor Clark's (1996) model of CG-shared develop an adequate treatment of the sequential emergence of subjective meaning. This is a critical problem for CG and other conceptualizations that build upon it (e.g., "shared intentionality", "We-awareness"). And it calls into question their usefulness for building an analytic apparatus for studying mutual awareness at the worksite. I suggest that Schutz's (1953) model of "motive coordination" might serve as a better starting place.

Examination of the Contribution of Ruminative Thinking and Maladaptive Self-Beliefs to Social Anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of 3 components of the Clark and Wells (1995) model to social anxiety symptoms. In particular, based on theory and previous research, it was hypothesized that the association between post-event processing and social anxiety and between anticipatory anxiety and social anxiety would be mediated by maladaptive self-beliefs. To test this hypothesis, a large, nonclinical sample of young adults completed a measure of anticipatory processing, post-event processing, maladaptive self-beliefs, and social anxiety. Based on a structural equation modeling approach, full mediation was found between post-event processing and social anxiety, and partial mediation was found between anticipatory processing and social anxiety. Overall, the results contribute to the literature by elucidating cognitive processes that may lead to the development and maintenance of social anxiety symptoms.

Physical properties of La2B2O7(B[dbnd]Zr, Sn, Hf and Ge) pyrochlore: First-principles calculations

Using first-principles theory and further verified by the experimental results, we have studied the electronic structure, mechanical and thermal properties of La2B2O7(BZr, Sn, Hf and Ge) pyrochlore. It is shown that the La2B2O7 pyrochlore are charge-transfer-type insulators with the strong ionic bonding. The calculated band gap of La2Zr2O7, La2Sn2O7, La2Hf2O7, and La2Ge2O7 are 4.01, 3.05, 3.13 and 2.42 eV, respectively. The elastic constants, hardness, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of La2B2O7 compounds were investigated systematically. Anisotropic elastic and thermal properties of La2B2O7 compounds were discussed by using Zener's indexes (AZ) and universal elastic anisotropic index (AU). The sound velocities along [100], [110] and [111] directions were calculated for each La2B2O7 compounds. Both Clark's model and Cahill's model were used to evaluate the minimum thermal conductivity of all compounds. According to the Clark's model, when the temperature is much higher than Debye temperature, the minimum thermal conductivity of La2Zr2O7, La2Sn2O7,La2Hf2O7, and La2Ge2O7 are 1.27, 1.24, 1.09 and 1.41 W/m K, respectively. According to the calculated results of these crystals, the La2B2O7 compounds exhibit an extraordinary low thermal conductivity which can be used as thermal insulating materials.

Evaluation on the efficiency of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified rice husk as a low-cost sorbent for various dyes removal under continuous flow condition

The potential of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified rice husk (ERH) as a sorbent to remove both methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO 16) in single and binary dye solutions was studied. Surface characterization of natural rice husk and ERH was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). From the FESEM micrographs, due to the absence of pores and cavities, it can be concluded that ERH is a non-porous material. The adsorption behaviour of MB and RO 16 onto column packed with ERH was investigated under continuous flow mode with three different parameters: the effect of influent concentration, the effect of bed depth and the effect of flow rate. Column studies indicated that the breakthrough time is longer for MB at lower influent concentration and flow rate. Unusual breakthrough curves were obtained for RO 16 in both single and binary dye solutions with very rapid initial breakthrough. This implies that the adsorption of RO 16 is a slow process and an effective adsorption only takes place after a sufficient lapse of time. Different mathematical models were used to characterize the fixed-bed performance for the adsorption process involved, namely bed depth service time (BDST) model, Adams–Bohart model and Clark model.

How does collegiality survive managerially led universities? Evidence from a European Survey

ABSTRACTToday's universities are, accordingly to Clark's entrepreneurial model, sustained by managerialism, whereas collegialism may remain in contrast or work in a different way. More recent literature suggests the clash such as the potential for coexistence between managerialism and collegialism. The study analyses data from a survey of 26 universities in 8 European countries, focusing on middle managers (MMs). The results show that at the level of the individual institutions, there are notable positive correlations between the presence of collegial and of managerial cultures. Multilevel regressions at institutional level are analysed, to ‘predict’ collegiality in light of the universities' managerial culture and other factors affecting organizational change: accountability; distribution of discretional power; funding; impact of quality assurance (QA) and evaluation. The results illustrate that in more managerial universities, collegial culture increases above all when MMs believe that distance-steering tools (QA and evaluation) have had positive impacts. We find that collegiality can indeed thrive, even when ‘managerially led’.

Generalisation of the Clark and Wells cognitive model of social anxiety to children's athletic and sporting situations

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that social anxiety generalises to sporting and athletic situations. The present study explored the applicability of the Clark and Wells model of social anxiety – and its metacognitive extension – to sport anxiety. Participants were 290 students aged 11–13 years, who completed measures of sport anxiety, social anxiety, depression and cognitive variables implicated by the model. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that performance attitudes, performance cognitions, anticipatory and post-event processing were predictive of sport anxiety, after controlling for social anxiety and depression. In addition, the association between performance attitudes and sport anxiety was stronger at higher levels of anticipatory and post-event processing. These results suggest that the Clark and Wells cognitive model – and its metacognitive extension – is applicable to children with sport anxiety.

Kinetics analysis of zinc sorption in fixed bed column using a strongly basic anionic exchange resin.

The aim of this study was to examine the capacity of anionic resins to remove zinc as zinc chloride complexes in fixed bed. The applicability of the kinetics models and the characteristics of the bed (sorption capacity, breakthrough curve, depth of the adsorption zone) were taken into account. The influence of the process parameters, such as resin quantity (bed height) and zinc initial concentration, on the removal process was also considered. The obtained results (Amberlite IRA410) were analyzed using sorption kinetic models such as Thomas, Adam-Bohart, and Clark, by linear regression analysis. Similarly, the concept of the mass transfer zone was applied in order to properly design the fixed bed adsorption process. By comparing various resins, the following series was depicted based on sorption capacities: Amberlite IRA410>Purolite A103S>Purolite NRW700>Purolite A400MBOH. The experimental data were in good agreement with the Clark model, while for the other models, lower correlation coefficients were obtained under the same experimental conditions. The MTZ height and rate of movement increased with increasing initial concentration.

The associations between adult attachment, posttraumatic symptoms, and posttraumatic growth

Background and Objectives: Individual differences after trauma vary considerably and can range from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to posttraumatic growth (PTG). Current theoretical models cannot fully explain this variability. Therefore, we integrated attachment theory with Ehlers and Clark's model of PTSD to understand whether attachment style is associated with negative appraisals of a traumatic event(s), posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), and PTG. Our aim was to test this integrated model PTSD in an analog sample who had experienced at least one traumatic event. Design: We used structural equation modeling to test the association of adult attachment and posttraumatic cognitions (self and world/others) with PTS and PTG using a cross-sectional, correlational design. Methods: The sample comprised 393 university staff and students (RangeAge= 18–49, 85% females) who completed online measures. Results: Attachment anxiety and negative posttraumatic self-cognitions were positively associated. Negative posttraumatic self-cognitions were positively associated with PTS. Attachment anxiety had an indirect effect (via negative posttraumatic self-cognitions) on PTS, whereas attachment avoidance predicted more negative posttraumatic world cognitions and lower perceived PTG. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of considering how attachment styles influence posttraumatic emotion regulation and cognitive processing of the trauma to determine posttraumatic mental health.

Implementation of hiperdia group in a family health unit: an experience report

Objective: This study aims to describe the implementation of Hiperdia group in a Family Health Unit of Recife-PE. Methods: This is an experience report. Results: The activities were based on the Leavell and Clark model to the level of primary care, with shares of Health Promotion and Protection Specific. Meetings were held weekly, the groups were organized by micro-area membership was 53.3% of the population of diabetics and hypertensives. Conclusion: The reported experience has improved care and health promotion to patients, encouraging reflection on the importance of this practice in the care of chronic diseases.

MIMO-OFDM with Enhanced Channel Estimation based on DFT Interpolation

In practical wireless communication systems, the transmitter send the information out through a multipath fading channel. At the receiver side, the received information distorted by the channel characteristic (due to multipath fading). So, in order to recover the transmitted information accurately, the channel effect must be known at the receiver. In this paper channel estimation for STBC-MIMO-OFDM system has been investigated by implementing the most popular channel estimators least Square (LS) and Minimum Mean Error Square (MMSE) both based on comb type pilot arrangement to estimate the channel effect at pilot locations, and channel interpolation between pilot locations was done using linear interpolation. The performance of LS and MMSE estimators can be improved by using DFT-based estimation technique. LS and MMSE estimator have been implemented with and without DFT-based estimation technique to estimate the channel effect for STBC-MIMO-OFDM system and compare their performance by measuring the bit error rate BER with QAM as modulation scheme and for different MIMO antenna configurations, also the channel between each antenna pair is assumed to be multipath Rayleigh Slow fading channel based on Clark's model. General Terms Channel estimation, communication, DFT algorithms.