Clarity Of Responses Research Articles

Testing and Validation of a Custom Retrained Large Language Model for the Supportive Care of HN Patients with External Knowledge Base.

This study aimed to develop a retrained large language model (LLM) tailored to the needs of HN cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, with emphasis on symptom management and survivorship care. A comprehensive external database was curated for training ChatGPT-4, integrating expert-identified consensus guidelines on supportive care for HN patients and correspondences from physicians and nurses within our institution's electronic medical records for 90 HN patients. The performance of our model was evaluated using 20 patient post-treatment inquiries that were then assessed by three Board certified radiation oncologists (RadOncs). The rating of the model was assessed on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) based on accuracy, clarity of response, completeness s, and relevance. The average scores for the 20 tested questions were 4.25 for accuracy, 4.35 for clarity, 4.22 for completeness, and 4.32 for relevance, on a 5-point scale. Overall, 91.67% (220 out of 240) of assessments received scores of 3 or higher, and 83.33% (200 out of 240) received scores of 4 or higher. The custom-trained model demonstrates high accuracy in providing support to HN patients offering evidence-based information and guidance on their symptom management and survivorship care.

P15 UK Antimicrobial Registry Study: progress to date

Abstract Background Effective antimicrobial stewardship is key in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, a key element of which is the surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. In addition to quantitative analysis of antibiotic use trends it is also important to understand qualitative aspects of how antimicrobials are used in routine clinical settings. Objectives The UK Antimicrobial Registry (UKAR) Study, a 5 year collaboration between BSAC and the University of Aberdeen, aims to determine how recently licensed antimicrobial agents are being used, their effectiveness and safety. The study is included in the NIHR portfolio in England with similar arrangements in Scotland and Wales. Here, we present brief information on the first few months of participant recruitment. Methods The study commenced recruiting patients prescribed selected antibiotics in May 2023. The intention was to commence with a small number of pilot hospital sites then to expand to a larger number of hospitals. Adult patients are potentially eligible if they have been prescribed any drug on the eligible drug list within their current stay in hospital unless the drug is actively withdrawn after less than 24 h. Data are collected from the medical records of participants who have given informed consent. Clinical data, including infection, microbiology susceptibility testing, eligible drug and dosing regimens are collected as well as prior and concurrent antibiotic therapy. Results As of November 2023, the study is open to recruitment in nine sites across the UK. There are a further 22 sites across the UK in study set-up and a further 15 sites who have submitted an expression of interest to join the registry. Fifty-two patients have been recruited as of November 2023. Five of the 11 study drugs were prescribed; the majority of the participants (N=29) were prescribed dalbavancin, the remainder received various Gram-negative agents (Table 1). Study drugs were used to treat bone and joint infections (33%) and lower respiratory tract infections (33%), with other disease areas including skin and subcutaneous tissue infections and urinary tract infections. Conclusions A key objective for UKAR pilot sites was to verify that the data collection process was feasible and address any issues around clarity of responses. Very few issues were identified, and all were resolved quickly. Early data show that participants are most likely to be female with a median age above 60 years. There is also, currently, a preponderance of patients commencing dalbavancin, although the study is still in its infancy. As more sites recruit participants to the UKAR Study, more detailed analyses can be performed on the clinical usage and outcomes being achieved. Also, follow-up data including clinical outcomes and adverse events will be collected 56 days after commencing therapy, and 28 days after last administration of an eligible study drug. In addition, clinical outcomes and relapse of the initial infection will be recorded at 6 and 12 months.

Differential Effects of Web-Based and Paper-Based Administration of Questionnaire Research Instruments in Authentic Contexts-of-Use

Questionnaire instruments are routinely translated to digital administration systems; however, few studies have compared the differential effects of these administrative methods, and fewer yet in authentic contexts-of-use. In this study, 326 university students were randomly assigned to one of two administration conditions, paper-based (PBA) or web-based (WBA), and given a set of questionnaires. Instructions were to complete the instruments in an environment of their choice, and data included reporting context characteristics. Outcomes of interest included data quality and participant affect—WBA showing a slightly higher percent of data loss and lower overall time to complete; PBA producing higher overall mean scores across measures, greater variability in responses, and higher positive affect for responding. Administration methods showed no difference on internal consistency of subscales, positive-response bias, or strength of interscale correlations. Contexts-of-use included involvement in television viewing, conversation, and other activities, raising questions about the accuracy and independence of survey responses completed in independently-chosen, uncontrolled contexts. The qualitative data demonstrated longer responses in WBA than PBA, but little difference in type and clarity of responses.

EFFECT OF DAYLENGTH ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE CUCUMBER

Most contemporary studies of photoperiodism in plants have dealt with species which normally flower either in long or short day conditions. There is great experimental convenience and clarity of response in the employment of species which can be qualitatively distinguished as reproductive in a short photoperiod and vegetative in a long photoperiod or vice versa. Phenomenal improvement in our knowledge of the physiology of growth and reproduction has attended the study of such clearly defined types in the two decades following the enunciation of the basic concept of photoperiodism by Garner and Allard (8). Scientific interest has centered in the nature of the metabolic factors