Clarity Of Objectives Research Articles

Meeting Cognitive Demands of Lesson Planning: Introducing the CODE-PLAN Model to Describe and Analyze Teachers’ Planning Competence

This article proposes a new research approach to teachers’ lesson planning. While numerous guidelines have been dominating lesson planning as an object of teacher education, we utilize teacher cognition and expertise research to view lesson planning from a different perspective: We argue that lesson planning typically demands specific cognitive skills that teachers must master to create high quality instructional practice. The so-called CODE-PLAN model (cognitive demands of lesson planning) forms the general theoretical framework for our conceptualization of six demands (content transformation, task creation, adaptation to student learning dispositions, clarity of learning objectives, unit contextualization, and phasing) to empirically describe and analyze teachers’ planning competence. We investigate how these demands are met through content analysis of 337 plans for demonstration lessons written by teacher candidates during induction in Germany. Statistical findings on the construct, curricular, and predictive validity of planning competence measures show that the CODE-PLAN model may open new empirical research perspectives on teacher planning competence and stimulate curriculum design in teacher education.

APPLICATION OF E-MUSRENBANG: STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND PARTICIPATION OF COMMUNITY ASPIRATIONS IN SUNTER JAYA VILLAGE

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness and participation of the application of e-musrenbang in Sunter Jaya Village. The type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection used is conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The result showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of development planning through e-musrenbang in Sunter Jaya Village can be said to have been effective in terms of clarity of objectives, the application of e-musrenbang understood by implementors in the preparation of proposed priorities. Then, preparation of the right program, the availability of facilities and infrastructure such as computers/laptops accessed by the internet to include proposals into the e-musrenbang system so as to facilitate the planned proposals and compiled from the result of the citizens’ crushing. Furthermore, e-musrenbang has been transparent because it can be seen through the e-musrenbang https://musrenbang.jakarta.go.id system. In addition, the participation of the community to attend musrenbang is good enough but not all can attend because of several factors of routine activities. Accountability in Sunter Jaya Village is only limited to collecting proposals that will be discussed in sub-districts, cities, and provinces, which will be realized to the relevant OPD. Thus the effectiveness of the implementation of e-musrenbang has been better than previous years so that in the future the planned proposals are made based on the needs of the community and can be realized proposals that have been drafted and authorized.

Impact of Agricultural Cooperatives on Income of Households: The Case of Ejere District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Agricultural cooperative is widely considered as a vital foundation that can help smallholder farmers to overcome the constraints that hinder them from taking advantages of their business. The major concern of this study is, to evaluate the impact of agricultural cooperative on total annual income of participant households in Ejere district of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. To meet the objectives of study a total of 430 sample households were randomly interviewed. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to analyze data. The logistic regression output showed that access to extension services, marital status, clarity of cooperative objectives, perception and access to credit service were positively and significantly influenced the participation of household head in agricultural cooperative at (P<0.01) whereas access to market information and total livestock unit positively and significantly influenced the participation of household head in agricultural cooperatives at (P<0.05). Propensity score matching estimation result significant difference between agricultural cooperative participant and non-participant in terms of total annual income. That is, the total annual income of agricultural cooperative participants is 14,990.076Birr higher than that of non-participants. Thus, policy makers should focus on providing extension services, raising market information as well as increasing access to credit services of cooperatives in the study area. Keywords: Annual income, Cooperatives, Impact, logistic, outcome JEL: M2 L3 R2 DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-9-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

ДИДАКТИЧНІ УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОЇ ЕРУДИЦІЇ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ЛАТИНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В ЄЗУЇТСЬКИХ КОЛЕГІЯХ XVI-XVIII СТ.

Creating educational model for training specialists, which is able to effectively function in modern conditions, ensuring the positive dynamics of the state transformations, is essential for the Ukrainian educational paradigm. European ambitions in this area are aimed at developing curricula that are not only based on common principles, values, approaches, but also take into account cultural traditions and historical context. One of the elements of this approach is developing linguistic erudition, which is a necessary component of the professional competence of philologists. This predetermines the need for comprehensive study of the Jesuit order, which have achieved great success in training erudite youth, and its activities. The objective of the article is to clarify the didactic conditions of developing linguistic erudition and the ways of its expanding during studying Latin in educational institutions of the Jesuit order. In the article, the structure, content and peculiarities of organization of learning process in educational institutions of the Jesuit order are characterized. It is found out that the task of formation of linguistic erudition in these educational institutions was achieved due to through compliance with the following didactic conditions: systematization and structuring; clarity of goals and objectives for each class (grading system); structuring the content of each subject, including Latin (a characteristic feature was not only a perfect mastering of Latin, but also developing mental abilities while reading literary works of the classics); appropriate use of teaching methods and techniques (active use of methods for stimulating and motivating students' cognitive activity); appropriate material support; training of teachers. Keywords: didactic conditions, linguistic erudition, Latin, educational process, the Order of Jesuits.

PENGARUH KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN, PENGENDALIAN AKUNTANSI DAN SISTEM PELAPORAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL APARATUR PEMERINTAH

The regional government has the authority to run and control the performance of the apparatus in utilizing the stipulated budget. Local governments must meet the criteria for good governance including, clarity of budget targets, accounting controls and a reporting system that will impact on the managerial performance of government officials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of clarity of budget targets, accounting controls and reporting systems on managerial performance of government officials. This research is located in all OPD in Klungkung Regency. The population in this study were all employees at 38 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) in the Klungkung Regency Government, amounting to 4,056 people, using judgment sampling techniques, the number of samples in this study was 114 people. The conclusion in this study is the clarity of budget objectives, accounting control and reporting systems have a significant effect on the managerial performance of the Klungkung OPD apparatus.

PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA BISNIS LAUNDRY 99 DI KECAMATAN ARCAMANIK BANDUNG JAWA BARAT

The purpose of this study was to determine how strong the influence of compensation and leadership style partially and simultaneously on employee performance at the Laundry Business 99 in Arcamanik District, Bandung, West Java. The research method used a survey with a quantitative approach that is correlational with the sampling technique is simple random sampling with the number of samples in this study were 28 respondents. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that: a) There is a positive and significant effect of compensation on employee performance, b) There is a positive and significant influence of leadership style on employee performance and c) There is a positive and significant influence on compensation and style joint leadership on employee performance at Laundry 99 Business in Arcamanik District, Bandung, West Java. This means that high compensation will be part of an effort to improve employee performance. A good leadership style is a style that is formed to foster clarity of goals and objectives, a work structure to achieve goals and objectives, and an effort to foster relationships between employees

Aspects of the characteristics of financial reports from governments through organizational commitment

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the objectives of the budget have an impact on the characteristics of government financial reports and the clarity of the objectives of the budget on the characteristics of government financial statements. Organizational commitment is capable of moderating the relationship between the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the objectives of the budget with the characteristics of the financial reports of the government. This is a quantitative study of primary data. The population in this study was responsible for making the financial reports of the Makassar City Regional Apparatus Organization using a purposeful sampling technique by the head of administration and accounting staff, so that the sample was fifty-four people. A questionnaire survey collected data and tested it through Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results demonstrate that the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the budget objectives have a significant impact on the characteristics of government financial reports. The organizational commitment, however, was unable to moderate the relationship between the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the budgetary objectives with regard to the characteristics of government financial reporting.

The study of the variability of morphobiological indicators of different size and weight groups of hybrid silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) as a promising direction of development of the fish processing industry

In water reservoirs, the size and characteristics of fish, in the first place, affect – the composition and clarity of food objects, the number of food competitors and predators, their numbers, industry, and others. Besides, the rate of linear and weight growth are the arteries that determine the value of the species as an object of commercial fishing. The hybrid of silver and bighead carp easily adapts to different growing conditions (from the point of view of the formation of fish-biological indicators), protein in different years depending on feeding conditions, in one reservoir indicators of length and body weight of ribs are inadequate. Evaluating the influence of feeding conditions on the linear growth of the rib, the method of generalized evaluation was used. An indicator equal to the sum of potential fish productivity for phyto-zooplankton was used to characterize the foraging status of a particular condition in a certain period. In terms of the quality of growth indicators, the indicator of the absolute weight of nature with differentiation of farms, age groups, and years was used. The results of the research revealed significant variability in the size and weight characteristics of different groups of silver and bighead carp, which were isolated from ponds and reservoirs. According to the results of experimental studies established for the cultivation of hybrid silver and bighead carp in reservoirs, relatively high rates of linear and weight growth are expected, higher than for similar species, which is provided in the conditions of fish ponds.

The Formation of Responsive Regional Regulations in Supporting Regional Autonomy in Pekanbaru City

This article aims to produce regional laws that are responsive in supporting the implementation of regional autonomy so that the implementation of regional autonomy does not create new problems that can hinder or damage economic development and growth in a region. In this study, several legal approaches used include the main approach of Law number 32 of 2004 concerning regional autonomy and Law number 12 of 2011 concerning the law on the establishment of legislation. Another approach approached in one case is a historical approach, a comparative approach, and a conceptual approach. Results illuminate how the drafting of Perda constitutes based on certain principals (i.e. clarity of objectives, appropriate institutional or organ formation, compatibility between types and material content) can accommodate local wisdom for the community and avoid potentially problematic regulations in the regions.

Arabic language learning reconstruction as a response to strengthen Al-Islam studies at higher education

<p>Knowledge of the Islam at every student is supported by many factors, one of which is the Arabic language compentence. This research aimed to evaluate and find Arabic language learning construction in strengthening <em>al-Islam</em> at higher education. The desire to find the construction is because there is no visible connection between Arabic language learning and <em>al-Islam</em> learning so that clarity of learning objectives, learning materials, learning implementation, and evaluation systems of Arabic language learning at higher education is needed. In line with this purpose, this study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The sources of data were facts, Arabic language lecturers, <em>al-Islam</em> lecturers, and students purposively. Data were analyzed by using critical realism. The results of the study proved that the reconstruction of learning objectives, materials, implementation, and evaluation systems is needed to realize Arabic language learning that can strengthen <em>al-Islam</em> at higer education.</p>

PENGARUH KEJELASAN SASARAN ANGGARAN DAN PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TEHADAP KINERJA ORGANISASI DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI (STUDI PADA KELEMBAGAAN DAN UKM DI UST)

This study aims to test whether the clarity of budget targets and budget participation in institutions and Student Activity Units of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University Yogyakarta have an effect on organizational performance with leadership style as a moderating variable. The study took a sample of students who were active in the Student Activity Unit at the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University, Yogyakarta. The technique used in sampling is carried out with a non-probability or non-random approach using convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out by spreading the google form link through the Instagram and Whatsapp applications to institutional members and the Student Activity Unit (UKM). The number of questionnaires processed is 100 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that the clarity of budget targets had no effect on organizational performance. Budget participation has an effect on organizational performance. Leadership style cannot strengthen the influence of clarity of budget objectives on organizational performance. Leadership style cannot strengthen the influence of budget participation on organizational performance.
 
 Keywords: Clarity of budget targets; Budget Participation; Organizational Performance; Leadership Style

External human-machine interfaces: Effects of message perspective

Future automated vehicles may be equipped with external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs). Currently, little is known about the effect of the perspective of the eHMI message on crossing decisions of pedestrians. We performed an experiment to examine the effects of images depicting eHMI messages of different perspectives (egocentric from the pedestrian’s point of view: WALK, DON’T WALK, allocentric: BRAKING, DRIVING, and ambiguous: GO, STOP) on participants’ (N = 103) crossing decisions, response times, and eye movements. Considering that crossing the road can be cognitively demanding, we added a memory task in two-thirds of the trials. The results showed that egocentric messages yielded higher subjective clarity ratings than the other messages as well as higher objective clarity scores (i.e., more uniform crossing decisions) and faster response times than the allocentric BRAKING and the ambiguous STOP. When participants were subjected to the memory task, pupil diameter increased, and crossing decisions were reached faster as compared to trials without memory task. Regarding the ambiguous messages, most participants crossed for the GO message and did not cross for the STOP message, which points towards an egocentric perspective taken by the participant. More lengthy text messages (e.g., DON’T WALK) yielded a higher number of saccades but did not cause slower response times. We conclude that pedestrians find egocentric eHMI messages clearer than allocentric ones, and take an egocentric perspective if the message is ambiguous. Our results may have important implications, as the consensus among eHMI researchers appears to be that egocentric text-based eHMIs should not be used in traffic.

Pengaruh pengawasan fungsional, pengelolaan keuangan, dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap akuntabilitas kinerja inspektorat kota malang

This research was conducted to examine and determine the effect of functional supervision, financial management, and clarity of budget targets on the performance accountability of the Inspectorate of Malang. This type of research is quantitative research, the source of the data used is primary data, sampling techniques using total sampling method, then analyzed with multiple linear regression models. The results showed that functional oversight, financial management and clarity of budget objectives simultaneously affect performance accountability, functional supervision partially influences performance accountability, financial management influences performance accountability and clarity of budget targets affects performance accountability

Factors that Affect Government Accountability with Moderating Variable Accounting Control

This study aims to determine the effect of budget performance, budget objectives and value for money on government performance accountability with accounting control as a moderating variable. This research was conducted by purposive sampling as many as 50 respondents from 14 Regional Work Unit at the Makassar City Government using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that budget performance, clarity of budget objectives and value for money had a significant and positive effect on government performance accountability. Likewise, accounting control is able to strengthen the relationship between budget performance and value for money on government performance accountability, while accounting control does not strengthen the relationship between clarity of budget objectives and government performance accountability.

Pregraduation online curriculum delivery of internal medicine course during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of a medical college in Saudi Arabia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged medical education and resulted in a rapid and unexpected global shift toward online education. The study presents the experience of the College of Medicine of King Saud University in delivering a comprehensive internal medicine course for final-year medical students, which includes the implementation of novel methods of assessment. Methods: A 2-week revision of the internal medicine course was conducted for 70 pregraduation medical students. Lectures and focused case-based tutorials were conducted online. Novel assessment methods included brief written essays summarizing the tutorials, open-book short-answer question (SAQ) examination, and a virtual standardized oral examination (vSOE). A questionnaire was sent to the students (n = 70) on the contents of the course, clarity of objectives, duration, and online platform. Results: The response rate was 99.3%. Students scored higher in the SAQs compared with traditional multiple-choice tests (mean score: 92.3% vs. 69.8%). The vSOE was efficient, and grades were comparable to traditional objective structured clinical examination. The majority of students (93%) reported the scientific content as good or excellent, whereas approximately 30% found the course goals lacked a clear description. The majority (76%) found the course length appropriate, and 94% reported the online platform installation and operation easy or very easy. Conclusions: The comprehensive online internal medicine course was successfully delivered to pregraduation students. Innovative online examination methods can be a reasonable alternative in the case of lockdown. This modality of teaching and assessment was considered useful and met the expectations of students.

The Application of the ADDIE Model and the Training Cycle in the Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Training Program on Data Use for Decision-making among End-users of Electronic Health Information System

Objective. This paper describes the process utilized in developing a training program on data use for decision making tailored for real-time monitoring of maternal and child health indicators through Community Health Information Tracking System (rCHITS) end-users in selected areas in the Philippines.
 Methods. Guided by the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) model and the training cycle, existing records and reports lodged with the National Telehealth Center (NTHC) pertaining to rCHITS were reviewed, supplemented by interviews with the technical staff of the NTHC and discussion with healthcare workers. Training design was developed, training modules and materials were prepared, critiqued, revised and finalized. The training was implemented and evaluated using an evaluation tool designed for this specific capability-building endeavor.
 Results. A tailored training program on data use for decision-making was designed for rCHITS end-users in select areas in the Philippines. The process of developing the training program was guided by the ADDIE Model and the Training Cycle. Training was delivered to a total of 128 public health workers. Majority of the participants gave high evaluation on the clarity and relevance of objectives, discussion of topics, methods of delivery, and time devoted in addressing issues (range 3.5-3.8 out of highest possible score of 4).
 Conclusion. This paper demonstrates the utility of the ADDIE Model and the Training Cycle in developing a training program aimed at enhancing the capability of the field personnel in utilizing the data generated from rCHITS in decision-making. Training participants must also be monitored and evaluated in their workplace setting in order to determine if the concepts and principles covered during the training program are put into practice.

Seeing the Bigger Picture: Rosetta Mission Amateur Observing Campaign and Lessons for the Future

Abstract Amateur astronomers can make useful contributions to the study of comets. They add temporal coverage and multiscale observations that can aid the study of fast-changing and large-scale comet features. We document and review the amateur observing campaign set up to complement the Rosetta space mission, including the data submitted to date, and consider the campaign’s effectiveness in the light of experience from previous amateur comet campaigns. We report the results of surveys of campaign participants, the amateur astronomy community, and schools who participated in a comet 46P observing campaign. We draw lessons for future campaigns, which include the need for clarity of objectives; recognizing the wider impact campaigns can have on increasing science capital; clear, consistent, timely, and tailored guidance; easy upload procedures with built-in quality control; and regular communication, feedback, and recognition.

Using Whole-Genome Sequencing to Improve Surveillance Measures: Case Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a Florida Hospital

Background: The CDC considers methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) one of the most important hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the United States. However, infection control departments (ICDs) often rely on subjective data to determine whether multiple MRSA cases are a true outbreak and whether the hospital is responsible (community- vs hospital-acquired). Objective: Our objective was to determine whether whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of MRSA provided new insights into on transmission dynamics at large, inner-city hospital in Jacksonville, Florida. Methods: Over a 4-month period, MRSA samples were obtained from 44 infected patients at 3 campuses within a single hospital system. Limited nonpatient identifying information was obtained, including date of collection, campus, unit, reason for admission, and days post admission (DPA) of MRSA diagnosis. Whole-genome sequences were generated using the Illumina platform. Raw reads were processed, and genetic distances were calculated and used to identify genetically linked bacterial infections using FoxSeq version 1.0 software. Results: Based on their length of stay, 10 patients were reported by the ICD as obtaining an HAI. Three distinct “episodes” were evident in which >5 MRSA cases were observed within a 3–5-day period. Genomic analysis identified 5 clusters of linked infections: 4 clusters contained 2 patients and another contained 3. Of these clusters, only 1 contained multiple cases that were reported as HAIs; however, because these case were separated by 2 weeks, it is unlikely that they came from a source in the hospital. The results suggest that HAIs were overreported and that most MRSA present in the hospital likely came from community sources. Conclusions: WGS provided clear evidence that temporally clustered MRSA cases do not imply an outbreak is occurring. Furthermore, ongoing detection of the same community-acquired infections over several months is indicative of a shared source outside of the hospital, which could be uncovered through examination of clinical records. Considering the implications of HAIs, best approaches to combat them should include identifying their sources. As molecular surveillance approaches to infection control are rapidly becoming easier and less expensive, the methods can be used to bring objective clarity to the ICD.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Susanna L. Lamers reports salary from BioInfoExperts and contract research for the NIH, the University of California - San Francisco, and UMASS Medical School.

Research on the Optimization of Physical Education Curriculum in Chinese Elementary and Middle Schools from the Perspective of Healthy China

at present, the physical education and health course in primary and secondary schools in China is faced with the dilemma of failing to strengthen the body and bring health and vitality to the students. Through the method of literature review and comparative analysis, this paper studies the physical education curriculum of primary and secondary schools in China, finds that there are some problems in the curriculum of primary and secondary school sports, and explores the social impact of these problems from multiple perspectives. From the perspective of “healthy China 2030”, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: 1. Adjusting measures to local conditions, vigorously promoting the development of school-based physical education curriculum; 2. Paying attention to the clarity of curriculum objectives, reflecting the gradual and targeted of curriculum objectives; 3. Constructing the primary, junior high and high school integrated physical education curriculum teaching content system, hoping that this study could provide a certain theoretical support for Chinese primary and secondary school physical education and health courses so that physical education could become an important position for young people to civilize their spirit and savage their physique, and provide help for the early realization of sports power and healthy China.

ANALISIS PERKEBUNAN ORGANIK SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR EKOSISTEM

Abstract: The current curriculum implementation in 2013 emphasizes learning based on the application of daily life in accordance with scientific learning. This study aims to observe and analyze the potential of learning resources in the Organic Garden 23 Karang Rejo Metro City with the subject matter of Ecosystem Class X SMA. The results of the study of the potential sources of learning obtained by biotic components, namely types of vegetable plants, types of flowering plants, insects and abiotic components that form food webs and energy cycles. Based on the criteria for making teaching materials consisting of clarity of potential, conformity with learning objectives, clarity of objectives, clarity of information that can be revealed, clarity of exploration guidelines, clarity of acquisition that is expected to study learning resources for packaging teaching materials can be used as a reference for the development of teaching materials based on local potential through adjustments to the 2013 curriculum, characteristics and needs of students.