Clarity Of Content Research Articles

Pengembangan Modul Program Linier Berbasis Pembelajaran Mandiri

Modules are teaching materials that are often used in lectures. Modules can be used independently by students and are not spared by the guidance of lecturers in the course. The purpose of this research is to develop a linear program module based on independent learning by using the following steps: defining, designing, and developing. The linear learning module based on independent learning is validated by media experts, material experts, and linguists. Measurement of the validity of this module with a validation sheet and practicality in the value of the questionnaire given to students. Module development is explained qualitatively while data from the validation sheet and questionnaire are analyzed quantitatively. The results of the validation of the presentation, content, and language by media experts, material experts, and linguists obtained values ​​for presentation validation of 4.00, content validation obtained a value of 3.6, and language validation obtained a value of 3.83 which means that the module content the independent learning based linear program is valid in terms of presentation, content, and language. While the analysis of the practicalisation questionnaire by students obtained a value of 90% that the linear program module is based on independent learning in the practical category. Practicality can be seen from attractive and systematic appearance, using problem solving steps, clarity of material content presented, ease of use of modules, and words used are easy to understand according to characteristics college student.

Formulation Stability of Amphiphilic Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Nanoparticle and Evaluation of Cardiotoxicity of NPs With Human iPSC-Derived 3D-Cardiomyocyte Tissues

We conducted a stability study of biodegradable and amphiphilic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of phenylalanine-attached poly(γ-glutamic acid) for drug delivery to find the optimal formulation and define the optimal storage conditions using novel quantitative analytical methods. The stability of NP suspension and lyophilized NP powder manufactured by a dimethyl sulfoxide–based and an ethanol-based process was assessed under 5°C, 25°C/60% relative humidity and 40°C/75% relative humidity. The content of phenylalanine-attached poly(γ-glutamic acid), impurities, absolute molecular weight, appearance, clarity of solution, particle size, zeta potential, particle matter, osmolality, water content, and pH were evaluated as parameters of NP stability. Lyophilized NPs with trehalose showed better stability. The lyophilized NP formulation could therefore provide a stable and high-quality product for clinical studies and shows promise as an effective drug delivery system carrier. The cardiotoxicity of prospective impurities contained in NPs and reagents used in the manufacturing process with human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived 3-dimensional cardiomyocyte tissues by centrifugation layer-by-layer technique was also evaluated. As a result, cardiotoxicity for NPs and reagents was not observed, and it was clarified that the potential risk to human safety from NPs is low. The applicability of the cardiotoxicity evaluation approaches with human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived 3-dimensional cardiomyocyte tissues will be evaluated by centrifugation layer-by-layer technique.

Le varie fasi di revisione del testo applicate alla traduzione della saggistica divulgativa

Popularization essays are borderline works which combine scientific accuracy and high literary quality. The first task of an editor is therefore to select a translator who is able to preserve both aspects in the target text. The revision of the translation is then organized in a series of levels or phases: a comparison with the original text, which implies checking the technical terminology and the research actually carried out; a stylistic revision of the target text; a further reading focusing on the clarity and precision of contents; the check of intertextual references (table of contents, headings, footnotes, references within the text, index); a check of the compliance with the editorial guidelines; the correction of typos and the control of the layout, which in these volumes is often elaborate and sometimes includes pictures. These reading levels, although interacting, should be examined individually in a sequence of different phases, a methodology often hampered by the strict schedules required today by the publishing market. This article focuses on the techniques and problems related to each phase.

Emotional Interligence and performance of employees in Ho Chi Minh City

This study aims to identify the elements of emotional intelligence and measure their impact on employee performance in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The research uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The qualitative method was conducted through a survey on ten human resources experts with at least five years of experience to test the suitability of the scale and the clarity of words and content. The quantitative method is to evaluate the scale and re-test hypotheses with a sample of 217 employees. The results show that emotional intelligence exerts a positive impact on the employee performance. Specifically, the standardized betas of self-management, self-awareness, social management and social awareness skills are 0.395, 0,318, 0,178, and 0,184, respectively. The self-awareness of employees in HCMC is not as high as the other three factors, suggesting that training and coaching activities to improve employee’s emotional intelligence are necessary to enhance their performance.

Application of Compound Flocculant for Oil Sand Mature Fine Tailings Two-Stage Treatment

The flocculation method had a good effect in treating oil sands tailings, and polyacrylamide (PAM) was commonly used as an effective flocculant. In this paper, poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) combined with PAM and several supplementary materials into three compound flocculants were used to treat oil-sand tailings for the first time. The compound flocculants were applied for two-stage treatment to compare their performance with that of PAM. The first stage flocculation results showed that mature fine tailings (MFT) treated by compound flocculants had faster initial settling rate, higher clarity of supernatant and higher solid content of sediment than PAM, especially Flocculant A. The second stage dewatering of the mud layer indicated that the water release ability of sediment treated with compound flocculants was better than that of PAM, the yield stress was more appropriate and the capillary suction time (CST) was shorter. The deposits treated with the same flocculant for the two stages had great strength gain so reclaimation became much easier, which provided a new and efficient flocculation solution for the treatment of oil sands mature fine tailings.

Breaking Down Silos: Consensus-Based Recommendations for Improved Content, Structure, and Accessibility of Advance Directives in Emergency and Out-of-Hospital Settings.

Background: Patients receiving palliative care often interact with a variety of health care providers across various settings. While patients may experience good care from these services, the connection between these can be disjointed as care providers may work siloed from each other. This is particularly true in out-of-hospital and hospital emergency settings, where providers have no prior knowledge of the patient, particularly their advanced directives (ADs) and goals of care. In the Emergency Department or when paramedics respond to the home, ADs are further challenged by issues of clarity of content, contextual relevance, and accessibility. Objectives: (1) What content should be in AD for medical emergencies, and (2) what would ensure the AD is accessible in times of crisis? Design: Phase 1 involved a review of existing AD and published literature to generate a list of candidate elements. Phase 2 presented these in an online survey using modified Delphi method to paramedics, emergency nurses, and physicians. During phase 3, a focus group with palliative and emergency care providers and information technology experts was held regarding current accessibility of AD and a vision for improvement. The detailed focus group notes were coded using inductive analysis. Results: Fifty-five candidate elements were provided for the Delphi. After three rounds, 36 panelists achieved consensus on 46 elements. Participation was greater than 80% in all rounds. From the focus group on access, six themes emerged; (1) imprecise language, (2) mismatch of protocols, (3) lack of understanding by patients/families, (4) lack of AD, (5) difficulty accessing AD, and (6) opportunities: database, education. Conclusion: This project makes recommendations to improve palliative care in emergency or crisis situations and facilitate care consistent with patient's goals: (1) a consensus-based template for AD content; and (2) development of a centralized database. These findings served as the foundation for the "Paramedics Providing Palliative Care at Home" program.

Ina

As a climate change mitigation action, East Kalimantan Province has targeted emission reduction from mangrove forest. Mangrove-related policies at national and local levels have been issued before and after the program execution. It is necessary to measure the effectiveness of the policies to identify potential challenges in its implementation, particularly from policy aspect. This analysis is required to support the Government in achieving the emission reduction target, so it would obtain payment compensation from World Bank by 2024. Effectiveness of the policies is analysed using Grindle Theory combined with climate change mitigation principles in mangrove management. The results show that there is still ineffective in implementing climate change mitigation on mangrove management including requirements for technical regulations determining the content of the issued policies, provision of one mangrove and land use data, and of green fish pond management options. Moreover, coordination among related sectors, raising awareness programs, and facilitation for local coastal community to apply sustainable mangrove management play significant role in the effectiveness of the implementation. In theory, the effectiveness of policy implementation is affected by clarity of policy content, both in conceptual and practical terms, through coordination and communication within related actors, both authorities and affected actors.

3362 Enhancing Mentee Motivation Using the CARES Mentoring Model: A New Online Mentor Training Module

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goals of this project are to develop, disseminate, and evaluate an online, self-paced training module designed to help mentors better understand and support their mentees’ motivation. The module introduces learners to the CARES mentoring model, which is rooted in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), one of the leading theories of motivation. According to SDT, an optimal mentoring environment provides support for mentees’ psychological needs for Competence, Autonomy, Relatedness, Equity in extrinsic resources, and Structure (CARES). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Content for the CARES online module was drawn from a previously developed two-hour mentor training workshop designed for delivery in a face-to-face, small group setting. Content experts developed a slide deck and speaker notes. These materials were edited, adapted into a storyboard, and translated into a 60-minute interactive online module created with e-learning authoring software (Articulate Storyline). An evaluation survey was developed to assess mentors’ perceived skills gains related to course content (e.g., “Encouraging my mentees to think about how well their psychological needs are being met within the work/training environment,” “Recognizing how diversity, equity, and inclusion can be salient issues that impact a mentee’s motivation”) and mentors’ confidence gains in their ability to implement motivation-focused practices into their mentoring relationships (e.g., “Autonomy: Giving my mentees freedom in deciding what goals to pursue and how they to do their work,” “Competence: Working with my mentees to establish appropriate challenges to stretch their abilities”). The module was beta tested in October 2018 by 11 individuals with experience as mentors and in facilitating mentor training. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The beta testing process produced useful recommendations for improving clarity of content, visual design, and navigation. Users expressed a high level of enthusiasm for the content, which included a combination of practical information and empirical support for the CARES mentoring model. They also appreciated specific functionality in the module, including the presentation of brief case examples of mentoring scenarios that enhance or diminish motivation, opportunities for self-reflection, and a downloadable guide for initiating conversations with mentees about different domains in the CARES model. Evaluation data (quantitative and qualitative) from beta testers (n=11) are being analyzed. A preliminary examination of these findings found that mentors report gains from before to after the training in their self-perceived skills and confidence levels. Moreover, all expressed an intention to makes changes in their mentoring practices as a result of the training. Comments indicated potential value in offering a follow up face-to-face experience in which mentors can hear from others who have successfully implemented the CARES approach and acquire practice in skillfully implementing the CARES conversation guide with their mentees. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This innovative e-learning module offers a readily accessible and theoretically driven training approach to help mentors recognize the value of supporting their mentees’ motivation, and become more intentional in implementing motivation-focused practices into their mentoring relationships. In future work, the CARES module will be pilot tested with specific cohorts and in different implementation scenarios (as a standalone training, or combined with other programming) and made available to users nationally with support from the University of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute and the NIH National Research Mentoring Network.

Concept and Uptake of Just-A-Minute Clinical Pearl: A Novel Tele-Ophthalmology Teaching Tool.

To describe the concept and report the uptake of a novel tele-ophthalmology educational tool, Just-A-Minute (JAM) clinical pearl, which was sent to all ophthalmologists in the email database of L V Prasad Eye Institute on a daily basis from September 2016 to August 2017. A survey was conducted among the recipients of JAM clinical pearls. An online questionnaire was sent to the recipients and their responses were recorded and analyzed to evaluate the JAM pearls regarding qualifications of the recipients, their type of practice and regularity of accessing the pearls, type of pearl most sought, clarity of content, applicability to the clinic, relevance to practice, satisfaction with the format, and likelihood of recommendation. Of 14,311 recipients of JAM clinical pearls, 719 (5%) responded to the survey. The majority of respondents were in India (66.5%) followed by the United States (26.4%). Among the respondents, 52.9% were postgraduate ophthalmologists in general practice, 38.3% postfellowship subspecialty practitioners, 5.8% fellows, and 2.9% residents. Private practitioners constituted 57.3% of all respondents. The pearls were accessed "always" by 53.7%, "very regularly" by 34.6%, and "intermittently" by 11.8% of respondents. The subspecialty of the pearls most desired was cornea and anterior segment (48.7%). The JAM pearls scored high in clarity of content (9/10), applicability to the clinic (9/10), satisfaction with the format (9/10), and recommendation to a colleague (10/10). In this survey, it was found that the JAM clinical pearls are a unique, beneficial mode of tele-education with easily understandable and clinically applicable concepts.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Environmental management and Monitoring Implementation of Business and/or Activity (A Case Study The Implementation of Amdal and UKL-UPL at Padang Pariaman District)

Research on the factors affecting the implementation of environmental management and monitoring of business and/or activity through the implementation of Amdal and UKL-UPL at Padang Pariaman District was conducted from August to October 2017. The research method is quantitative and qualitative combination (mixed method). This research adopted the Mazmanian and Sabatier (1983) theories to identify factors affecting the implementation, including the problem of characteristic (tractability), policy and non statutory variables. The results show that the management and monitoring of the business environment and/or activities have not been implemented properly, and proven to be influenced by these three factors. Characteristics of the problem include various constraints in the implementation process. Policy characteristics include clarity of regulatory contents that govern the obligations of Environmental License holders and the application of administrative punishment, limited budget available, lack of coordination between relevant agencies, and community involvement in implementation. Non statutory variables include community support for implementation, negative business and/or activity responses to implementation objectives, and business and/or activity capabilities in the implementation process. In addition to these three factors, two other matters affecting implementation, namely communication between the business person in charge and/or activity with the environmental agency and the unclear substance of RKL-RPL in some business and/or activity.

Impact of the Canadian Diabetes Association guideline dissemination strategy on clinician knowledge and behaviour change outcomes

AimImplementation of clinical practice guideline (CPG) into clinical practice remains limited. Using the Knowledge-To-Action framework, a guideline dissemination and implementation strategy for the Canadian Diabetes Association’s 2013 CPG was developed and launched to clinicians and people with diabetes. MethodsThe RE-AIM framework guided evaluation of this strategy clinician; we report here one aspect of the effectiveness dimension using mixed methods. We measured impact of the strategy on clinican knowledge and behaviour change constructs using evaluation forms, national online survey and individual interviews. ResultsAfter attending a lecture, clinician confidence (n = 915) increased (3.7(SD 0.7) to 4.5 (SD 0.6) on a 5-point scale (p < 0.001)), with 55% (n = 505) intending to make a practice change (e.g. clinical management regarding glycemic control). Ninety-four percent of survey respondents (n = 907) were aware of the guidelines, attributed to communications from professional associations, continuing professional development events, and colleagues. Forty to 98% of respondents (total n 462–485) were correct in their interpretation of CPG messages, and 33–65%(total n 351–651) reported that they had made changes to their practice. Interviews with 28 clinicians revealed that organizational credibility, online access to tools, clarity of tool content, and education sessions facilitated uptake; lack of time, team-based consensus, and seamless integration into care and patient complexity were barriers. ConclusionThe complexity of diabetes care requires systemic adoption of organization of care interventions, including interprofessional collaboration and consensus. Augmenting our strategy to include scalable models for professional development, integration of guidelines into electronic medical records, and expansion of our target audience to include health care teams and patients, may optimize guideline uptake.

Sleep and dream habits in a sample of French college students who report no sleep disorders.

There is a lack of up-to-date data on sleep and dream habits of college students. To fill in this gap, we used an online questionnaire sent to the student mailing lists of two major universities of Lyon (Lyon 1 and Lyon 2) for the recruitment of an functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sleep disorders as exclusion criteria. In the sample (1,137 French college students, 411 males, mean age=22.2±2.4years, body mass index=22.0±3.2kgm-2 ), on average, the participants reported spending about 8 hr in bed during weekdays, 9hr during the weekends, and 90.9% of them reported no difficulty falling asleep. Less than 0.4% of students reported to have sleep-walking episodes regularly, but nearly 7% reported regular sleep-talking episodes. The average dream recall frequency was about 3 mornings per week with a dream in mind. Dream recall frequency was positively correlated with the clarity of dream content and the frequency of lucid dreaming, and was negatively correlated with age. Fourteen percent of the students reported frequent lucid dreams, and 6% reported frequent recurrent dreams. We found a gender effect for several sleep and dream parameters, including dream recall frequency and time in bed, both of which were higher in women than in men. We have also observed differences between academic disciplines, namely humanities students (Lyon 2) reported spending more time in bed than sciences students (Lyon 1). These results confirm a gender difference for several sleep and dream parameters, and suggest a link between academic disciplines and sleep duration.

Gender preference between traditional and PowerPoint methods of teaching gross anatomy.

INTRODUCTION:Teaching and learning process is increasingly metamorphosing from the traditional chalk and talk to the modern dynamism in the information and communication technology. Medical education is no exception to this dynamism more especially in the teaching of gross anatomy, which serves as one of the bases of understanding the human structure.OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to determine the gender preference of preclinical medical students on the use of traditional (chalk and talk) and PowerPoint presentation in the teaching of gross anatomy.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:This was cross-sectional and prospective study, which was conducted among preclinical medical students in the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Using simple random techniques, a questionnaire was circulated among 280 medical students, where 247 students filled the questionnaire appropriately. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) to find the method preferred by the students among other things.RESULTS:Majority of the preclinical medical students in the University of Maiduguri preferred PowerPoint method in the teaching of gross anatomy over the conventional methods. The Cronbach alpha value of 0.76 was obtained which is an acceptable level of internal consistency. A statistically significant association was found between gender and preferred method of lecture delivery on the clarity of lecture content where females prefer the conventional method of lecture delivery whereas males prefer the PowerPoint method, On the reproducibility of text and diagram, females prefer PowerPoint method of teaching gross anatomy while males prefer the conventional method of teaching gross anatomy.CONCLUSION:There are gender preferences with regard to clarity of lecture contents and reproducibility of text and diagram. It was also revealed from this study that majority of the preclinical medical students in the University of Maiduguri prefer PowerPoint presentation over the traditional chalk and talk method in most of the questions ask.

Development of the pediatric daily ulcerative colitis signs and symptoms scale (DUCS): qualitative research findings

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to develop patient-reported (PRO) and observer-reported (ObsRO) outcome measures of ulcerative colitis (UC) signs/symptoms in children aged 5–17 with mild/moderate UC. The daily ulcerative colitis signs and symptoms scale (DUCS) was developed in two phases. Phase I involved concept elicitation interviews with patients and healthcare providers, review of website posts and item generation. Phase II involved cognitive debriefing and assessment of usability and feasibility of the eDiaries. Participants were recruited from five US clinical sites, a research recruitment agency, and internet advertising. Thematic and content analysis was performed to identify concepts from Phase I. The Phase II cognitive debriefing interviews were analyzed iteratively to identify problems with clarity and relevance of eDiary content. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also reviewed and provided feedback on the eDiaries.ResultsPhase I included 32 participants (22 remission; 10 active disease). Phase II included 38 participants (22 remission; 16 active disease). A core set of seven signs and symptoms emerged that were reported by at least 30% of the patients interviewed: abdominal pain, blood in stool, frequent stools, diarrhea, stool urgency, nighttime stools, and tiredness. Participant input influenced changes such as refinement of item wording, revision of graphics, and selection of response scales. Revisions suggested by FDA included simplifying the response scale and adding questions to capture symptoms during sleeping hours.ConclusionsThe findings of instrument development suggest that the DUCS PRO and ObsRO eDiaries are content-valid instruments for capturing the daily signs and symptoms of pediatric patients with mild to moderate UC in a clinical trial setting.

Background and Methodology of the Development of German Physical Activity Guidelines

This paper describes the process used to develop the physical activity guidelines for German children and adolescents (0-17 years), adults (18-64 years), older adults ≥65 years and adults with chronic diseases. The German physical activity guidelines were developed by an interdisciplinary working group based on existing guidelines using a 3-phased process. Phase 1: Systematic literature searches for current physical activity guidelines; expert consultation-based development of quality criteria. Phase 2: Evaluation of physical activity guidelines based on the quality criteria; identification and content analysis of high-quality guidelines. Phase 3: Synthesis of content analysis and deduction of German physical activity guidelines. Expert consultation generated 28 quality criteria classified into the 4 domains "A: scope and purpose" (3 items), "B: rigour of development" (10 items), "C: clarity and comprehensiveness of content" (12 items), "D: arrangement and presentation" (3 Items). We identified 66 guidelines scoring ≥60% of the possible rating points in domain A and B as high-quality "source-guidelines" (children and adolescents n=4, adults=16, older adults n=9, 7 chronic diseases n=37). Source-guidelines constitute the database for the development of the German physical activity guidelines. The national physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents, adults, older adults and persons with chronic diseases serve as an evidence-based and quality-controlled basis for physical activity promotion in Germany.

Abstract WMP96: Stroke Warning Signs In Spanish Speaking Communities: Camaleon Strategy Proposal

Introduction: early recognition of stroke signs lead to a better opportunity for acute management, to decrease morbidity and mortality impact. Public awareness campaigns have been developed with English language acronyms for recognition of these signs, but language and cultural differences should be taken into account for these educational strategies. Hypothesis: we assessed the hypothesis that there is a need for a validated tool for Spanish speaking population for early recognition of stroke warning signs. Material and methods: a 12-item electronic and paper-based survey for non-health related professionals evaluated the knowledge of early stroke signs in a Costa Rican sample. Using data from the FAST acronym, we developed a Spanish based acronym focused on the 3 most common symptoms, which was evaluated with medical professionals and non-medical population for clarity of message and informative content through a 10-item survey. Results: 706 non-medical professional subjects answered the evaluation survey (56.7% female, median age 33 years [IQR 24-43 years]), with 76.2% answering that they were not capable of diagnose an acute stroke, and 97.2% considering the necessity of develop an educational campaign for acute stroke signs recognition. CAMALEON acronym (CAra [face], MAno/brazo [hand/arm], LEnguaje [language] and teléfONo [telephone]) was created adapting FAST acronym to Spanish. 25 medical professionals evaluated the medical content of the Spanish acronym (based on an educational video) with a 95% of acceptance of its content to explain medical symptoms; also 91% of 100 non-medical subjects were able to recognize adequately the symptoms after viewing the video material. This academic initiative is endorsed by the World Stroke Academy from the World Stroke Organization. Conclusion: CAMALEON strategy is an adequate acronym for early recognition of acute stroke signs for Spanish speaking countries that should be validated in stroke awareness campaigns.

Impact of serious mental illness online training for certified nursing assistants in long term care

ABSTRACTCertified nurse assistants (CNAs) spend the most staff time with nursing home residents, yet they receive little training in addressing the mental health needs of residents with serious mental illness (SMI). Forty CNAs from four long-term-care facilities took the online interactive CARES-® Serious Mental Illness™ training consisting of two modules guided by the Recovery Movement philosophy of care. Responses from pre–post testing, Likert-type items, and open-ended questions indicated that CNAs gained information, changed their perspectives, and had more confidence in dealing with SMI. Although there were minor concerns regarding length, clarity of content, and technical issues, CNAs found the online format acceptable and easy to use, and many said they would recommend the training. CARES Serious Mental Illness online training appears to be a viable way of helping CNAs address the mental health needs of long term care residents. Additional testing on CARES Serious Mental Illness is planned.

Unpacking the Black Box: A Formative Research Approach to the Development of Theory-Driven, Evidence-Based, and Culturally Safe Text Messages in Mobile Health Interventions.

BackgroundMobile-cellular subscriptions have increased steadily over the past decade. The accessibility of SMS messages over existing mobile networks is high and has almost universal availability even on older and unsophisticated mobile phones and in geographic settings where wireless coverage is weak. There is intensive exploration of this inexpensive mobile telecommunication technology to improve health services and promote behavior change among vulnerable populations. However, a neglected area of research is the documentation and critical analysis of the formative research process required in the development and refinement of effective SMS messages.ObjectiveThe objective of this qualitative research study was to identify major factors that may impact on the effectiveness of evidence-based SMS messages designed to reduce health inequities in hypertension management in low resource settings, including Aboriginal populations in high-income countries and rural populations in low-income countries. Specifically, we were interested in uncovering the range of mediators that impact on appropriate message content transmission and, ultimately, on health behavior improvements in a range of these sociocultural settings.MethodsCollaborative qualitative research with Canadian Aboriginal and Tanzanian participants was conducted to deconstruct the content and transmission of evidence-based health information contained in SMS messages in the context of an international research project designed to address health inequalities in hypertension, and to develop a grounded theory of the major factors that mediate the effectiveness of this communication. We also examined the interrelationship of these mediators with the three essential conditions of the behavior system of the Behavioral Change Wheel model (capability, opportunity, and motivation) and cultural safety.ResultsFour focus groups with a total of 45 participants were conducted. Our grounded theory research revealed how discrepancies develop between the evidence-based text message created by researchers and the message received by the recipient in mobile health interventions. These discrepancies were primarily generated by six mediators of meaning in SMS messages: (1) negative or non-affirming framing of advocacies, (2) fear- or stress-inducing content, (3) oppressive or authoritarian content, (4) incongruity with cultural and traditional practices, (5) disconnect with the reality of the social determinants of health and the diversity of cultures within a population, and (6) lack of clarity and/or practicality of content. These 6 mediators of meaning provide the basis for sound strategies for message development because they impact directly on the target populations’ capability, opportunity, and motivation for behavior change.ConclusionsThe quality of text messages impacts significantly on the effectiveness of a mobile health intervention. Our research underscores the urgent need for interventions to incorporate and evaluate the quality of SMS messages and to examine the mediators of meaning within each targeted cultural and demographic group. Reporting on this aspect of mobile health intervention research will allow researchers to move away from the current black box of SMS text message development, thus improving the transparency of the process as well as the quality of the outcomes.

Best Practices for Analyzing EMRs Used in Non-Traditional Settings

The research presented in this paper focuses on best practice analyses for a non-traditional electronic medical record (EMR) application. CampDoc, an electronic medical records system specifically designed for day and overnight camps as well as small care facilities (e.g. daycare centers) was examined. Over 12, 000 camps operate in America, looking after 11, 000, 000 people each year making them a unique application for EMRs (American Camping Association, 2012). The analysts' goals were to improve upon the user experience within CampDoc by increasing the ease of use and the clarity of content via human factors techniques. Specific emphasis was placed on understanding and designing for users who might not possess medical training and identifying how medicine is practiced in non-traditional medical settings.

Editorial

The scientific community relies on the peer review process for assuring the quality of published material, the goal of which is to build a body of work we can trust. Computational journals such as the ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) use this process for rigorously promoting the clarity and completeness of content, and citation of prior work. At the same time, it is unusual to independently confirm computational results. ACM TOMS has established a Replicated Computational Results (RCR) review process as part of the manuscript peer review process. The purpose is to provide independent confirmation that results contained in a manuscript are replicable. Successful completion of the RCR process awards a manuscript with the Replicated Computational Results Designation. This issue of ACM TOMS contains the first [Van Zee and van de Geijn 2015] of what we anticipate to be a growing number of articles to receive the RCR designation, and the related RCR reviewer report [Willenbring 2015]. We hope that the TOMS RCR process will serve as a model for other publications and increase the confidence in and value of computational results in TOMS articles.