Clarias Sp Research Articles

Application of probiotic microcapsules Bacillus cereus BR2 with different doses for the prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila NFC1 infection in catfish Clarias sp.

Application of probiotic microcapsules Bacillus cereus BR2 with different doses for the prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila NFC1 infection in catfish Clarias sp.

Study of Ammonia, Phosphate, Nitrate and Catfish (Clarias sp) Production on Aquaponics and Conventional Systems in Archipelagic Dry Land Areas

Study of Ammonia, Phosphate, Nitrate and Catfish (Clarias sp) Production on Aquaponics and Conventional Systems in Archipelagic Dry Land Areas

The Utilization of IoT Using Grow My Fish App in African Catfish (Clarias sp) Cultivation Employing Biofloc Technology in Apung Village, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province

This research aims at introducing the Grow My Fish application (or app) as an IoT for collecting and processing data on water quality in biofloc tank for cultivators. IoT in itself has been widely used by several sectors, and one of them is the fisheries sector. Grow My Fish is an app specifically designed to support research in the fisheries field. This research was conducted in Apung Village, Tanjung Selor District, Bulungan Regency from October through December 2023. Biofloc is an innovation in fisheries field. It is known as an eco-friendly innovation thanks to its ability to process the wastes produced by fish into natural feed in the assistance of the probiotic that was mixed into the water. However, the persistent main issue until recently in this biofloc innovation is water quality. Many cultivators so far recorded their water quality measurements on a book. This made it a little hard for these cultivators to process the data. For this reason, an IoT that facilitated cultivators in processing the data on water quality, mortality, fish weight, and amount of feed was born.

Natural Feeding to Increase the Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish Fry (Clarias sp)

Feed is a major problem in aquaculture because it requires relatively large costs so that it requires alternative food sources in increasing production. This study aims to analyze the use of natural feed to increase the growth of catfish seedlings Sangkuriang Clarias sp. The study was conducted at the Feed Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries, Bosowa University for 31 days with experimental methods and a Complete Randomized Design. Sangkuriang catfish seeds are 1 month old with an average weight of 1.02 – 1.04 g, raised in a 5-liter jar-shaped container, with a density of 40 heads/jar. Feeding in the form of Daphnia sp, mosquito larvae, and Tubifex sp ad libitum three times every day, namely morning, afternoon, and evening. The results showed that the highest specific growth rate was obtained in Tubifex sp feed seeds by 14.91%, the highest mortality was achieved in Daphnia sp feed seeds at 16.6% and the lowest mortality was achieved at Tubifex sp treatment at 10%. Water quality during maintenance still follows the hatchery requirements of catfish Sangkuriang Clarias sp. Natural feeding Tubifex sp is better to give as natural feed because it provides a better daily growth rate compared to Daphnia sp and Mosquito Larvae.

Prevalence and Intensity of Ectoparasites in Catfish (Clarias sp) Cultivated with Biofloc System

Prevalence and Intensity of Ectoparasites in Catfish (Clarias sp) Cultivated with Biofloc System

Manipulation of the aquatic physical environment and its relationship with ectoparasitic infection in dumbo catfish (Clarias sp)

Fish disease is an obstacle in the cultivation of Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.) which can result in fish death. The need for information on how to prevent and treat fish diseases is very necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of aeration duration on water quality, ectoparasite intensity, prevalence, dominance, survival and condition factors, then correlate water quality with ectoparasite intensity. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. Treatment includes aeration 0 hours/day, 6 hours/day, 12 hours/day, 18 hours/day and 24 hours/day. Data analysis using ANOVA of a certain level of significance. If there is a noticeable difference from each treatment, proceed to the DUNCAN test. Test the correlation of water quality with ectoparasite intensity. The result of this study is that long aeration can increase oxygen solubility, acidity but reduce ammonia and nitrite. The correlation value of oxygen solubility in ectoparasite intensity is 0.828, acidity (pH) is 0.849, ammonia is -0.888, nitrite is -0.592. The prevalence value of P0 and P1 is 0%, P2 is 89%, P3 and P4 is 100%. The intensity of ectoparasites in Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.), at P0 is 2, P1 is 13, P2 is 75, while at P3 and P4 is 100. The dominance of ectoparasites that infect is Trichodina sp. by 71.7-100% and Dactylogyrus sp. by 0-28.4%. The survival rate of fish at P0 was highest with a value of 89%, P1 at 84%, P2 at 71%, P3 and P4 rates at 0%. The value of the condition factor then P0 and P1 have a value of 1, P2, P3 and P4 have a condition factor value of 1. It is concluded that the longer aeration is given, the solubility of oxygen increases which results in an increase in the intensity and prevalence of ectoparasite infections, the pH of the water becomes neutral and decreases the content of ammonia and nitrite. There is a moderate to very strong correlation between water quality and ectoparasite intensity. There is an increase in the prevalence of infection, ectoparasite intensity and fish mortality so that it can reduce the survival and condition factors of Dumbo catfish (Clarias sp.).Keywords:AerationInfectionEctoparasitesClarias sp

Application of Rice Field Snails (Pila ampullacea) Extract as an Alternative Substitute for Protein Sources in Export-Quality Catfish Feed (Clarias sp.)

The freshwater fishery commodity that ranks at the top in total production in Indonesia, and its high domestic consumption, is catfish (Clarias sp.). One of the efforts to provide alternative feeds is by using rice field snails (Pila ampullacea) due to their high protein content. This study aims to determine the content of P. ampullacea feed and its application as an alternative protein source in export-quality Clarias sp. The feed was prepared by combining P.ampullacea flour, rice bran, and corn flour in a ratio of 3:1:1. Analysis of water content was conducted using the weight reduction method, ash content using the ashing method, protein content using the Kjeldahl method, and fat content using the soxhletation method. The analysis results showed that P. ampullacea had water content of 7.97%, ash content of 10.36%, protein content of 50.17%, and fat content of 4.16%. Meanwhile, the P.ampullacea feed had water content of 10.49%, ash content of 8.26%, protein content of 48.74%, and fat content of 3.6%. The results indicated that the application of P.ampullacea to Clarias sp. led to an increase in protein and fat content every week, the levels found in the commercial feed used.

Dietary supplementation of Bacillus sp. NP5 and dayak onion simplicia powder Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. for the prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish Clarias sp.

Aeromonas hydrophila is the main causative agent of ulcerative disease in catfish and causes considerable economic losses to Indonesian aquaculture. This study evaluates the prebiotic activity and the effect of feed supplementation of dayak onion simplicia powder (DOSP) on the immune response and survival of catfish infected with A. hydrophila. Five doses (0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40 g/mL) of DOSP were tested in vitro to assess the prebiotic activity score. The results showed that a dose of 0.20 g/mL gave a significantly (P<0.05) higher probiotic stimulation value than other doses. In the in vivo test, the study used a completely randomized design with five treatments, namely simplicia (DOSP 20 g/kg), probiotic (PRO, Bacillus sp. NP5 108 CFU/mL, 1% v/w), combination (PRO+DOSP), and control (positive and negative). Fish were reared for 45 days and fed three times a day. On day 46, fish from all treatments, except negative control, were infected with an A. hydrophila dose of 106 CFU/mL injected intramuscularly. The results showed that the combination treatment (PRO+DOSP) gave better total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leukocytes and phagocytosis activity than probiotics, DOSP, and control. Administering the combination (PRO+DOSP) can reduce the total number of A. hydrophila lower than the probiotic, DOSP, and control treatments. In addition, the survival rate of catfish in the combined treatment (PRO+DOSP) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than probiotics, DOSP, and control. The results of this study can be a helpful reference and application for the early prevention of A. hydrophila infection.
 
 Keywords: aquaculture, Bacillus sp. NP5, dayak onion, probiotics, simplicia powder
 
 ABSTRAK
 
 Aeromonas hydrophila adalah penyebab utama penyakit bercak merah pada budidaya ikan lele dan menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi cukup besar pada akuakultur Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas prebiotik serbuk simplisia bawang dayak (SSBD) dan pengaruh penambahan kombinasi probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 dan SSBD pada pakan terhadap respons imun dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila. Lima dosis (0,20, 0,25, 0,30, 0,35, dan 0,40 g/mL) SSBD diuji secara in vitro untuk menilai skor aktivitas prebiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis 0,20 g/mL memberikan nilai stimulasi probiotik signifikan (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dosis lainnya. Pada uji in vivo, penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap terdiri dari lima perlakuan, yaitu simplisia (SSBD, serbuk simplisia bawang dayak 20 g/kg), probiotik (PRO, Bacillus sp. NP5 108 CFU/mL, 1% (v/w), kombinasi (PRO+SSBD), dan kontrol (positif dan negatif). Ikan dipelihara selama 45 hari dan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari. Pada hari ke 46, ikan pada semua perlakuan, kecuali kontrol negatif, di infeksi A. hydrophila dosis 106 CFU/mL secara intramuskular. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi (PRO+SSBD) memberikan total eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, total leukosit dan aktivitas fagositosis lebih baik dibandingkan probitoik, SSBD, dan kontrol. Kombinasi (PRO+SSBD) mampu menekan total A. hydrophila lebih rendah dibandingkan probiotik, SSBD, dan kontrol. Selain itu, tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele pada perlakuan kombinasi (PRO+SSBD) signifikan (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan probitoik, SSBD, dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini bisa menjadi referensi dan aplikasi yang efektif untuk pencegahan dini infeksi A. hydrophila.
 
 Kata kunci: akuakultur, Bacillus sp. NP5, bawang dayak, probiotik, serbuk simplisia

Formulation and Evaluation of Catfish ( Calias Sp ) Albumin Extract Ointment with Variations of Basis

Catfish (Clarias sp) contains albumin which is an important protein needed by the human body, especially in the process of healing diseases. Giving this catfish extract functions as a nutrient, it is hoped that this nutrition can improve nutrition, increase the immune system and speed up the wound healing process or post surgery. This research is an experimental research, in which the albumin ointment formulation of catfish (clarias sp) extract was carried out, with variations of vaselin flavum and adeps lanae ointment bases in three formulations namely formulation 1, formulation 2 and formulation 3. The results of catfish extract (clarias sp) were then formulated in the form of an ointment. Then an evaluation of physical properties was carried out including organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity test, spreadability test, adhesion test, pH test. The results showed that the albumin extract ointment for catfish (Clarias sp) with variations in ointment base made a difference to the evaluation of albumin extract for catfish (Clarias sp) which included organoleptic tests (soft shape, white to yellow), homogeneity test (has round particles, irregular, no foreign particles), spreadability test (FI, 5.16cm: FII, 5.23cm: FIII, 5.06cm), adhesion test (FI, 3.19 seconds, FII 2.27 seconds, FIII 3.24 seconds), pH test (FI 6, FII 6, FIII 6). The conclusion that the vaseline flavum ointment combined with adeps lanae from catfish albumin extract meets the quality consists of an evaluation. homogeneity test, organoleptic test, adhesion test, spreadability test and pH test.

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Clarias Sp.

The high demand for catfish motivates farmers to increase production by stocking at a high density. The stress response caused by stocking density, which has an effect on fish growth and survival, is one of the challenges associated with catfish farming with high stocking levels. This issue can be resolved by supplementing catfish feed with vitamin E to stimulate growth. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on catfish growth, feed efficiency, and survival. This study employs the RAL method with five treatments, including feeding catfish seeds with vitamin E levels of 0 mg/kg feed (P1), 50 mg/kg feed (P2), 100 mg/kg feed (P3), 150 mg/kg feed (P4), and 200 mg/kg feed (P5), with each treatment repeated four times. Adding 100 mg of vitamin E per kg of feed resulted in the highest growth rates (1.66 0.05%/day), a feed conversion ratio of 1.2 0.07, and a feed efficiency of 83.46 3.24% when compared to other treatments and was significantly different (p 0.05). The addition of 100 mg of vitamin E to the feed had no discernible effect on survival compared to other treatments.
 Keyword: Vitamin E, supplementation, growth, Clarias sp.

Chloroform Fraction from Methanol Extract of Starfish Acanthaster planci Stimulates Catfish (Clarias sp.) Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is Indonesia's most important and popular freshwater commodity, widely cultured and intensively grown. This study is aimed to find out the effects of the chloroform fraction from a methanol extract of Acanthaster planci on non-specific immunity in Clarias sp. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of the methanol extract's chloroform fraction yielded three fractions: FrKl3.1, FrKl3.2, and FrKl3.3. The FrKl3.3 fraction of Acanthaster planci had a significant influence on Phagocytic Activity at doses of 0.1 (54.09 ± 8.99 %), 0.3 (48.16 ± 3.34 %), 0.5 (50.39 ± 5.71 %), and 0.7 mg/kg Body Weight (46.58 ± 0.37 %). At 0.5 mg/kg Body Weight (4.03 ± 1.40 %), the Phagocytic Index of FrKl3.2 was significantly higher than the control. At 0.5 mg/kg Body Weight (38.22 ±1.43 cell 106/ml) and 0.7 mg/kg BW (40.41 ± 1.92 cell 106/ml), the number of leukocytes/white blood cells was significantly higher than the control. Nitroblue Tetrazolium and Total Plasma Protein were not significantly different from the control. Based on the results, the FrKl3.3 was leading on phagocytic capacity and number of leukocytes

The Effect of Probiotic Doses in Biofloc Growth on Hematological and Histological Status of Catfish

Biofloc technology is one of the promising methods to overcome water quality problems in fish farming. This technology uses an environmentally friendly approach and does not harm cultivated organisms. The success of biofloc technology depends on the accuracy of determining probiotics and doses in the treatment. This study used petrofish commercial probiotics containing Lactobacillus heterochiochii, Bacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a bacterial density of 1.2 x 106 CFU.mL-1. This study aimed to determine the suitable doses of probiotics for growing biofloc. Biofloc has a high content of protein. In the biofloc process, fish will consume the floc. It led to hematology status and intestine histology alteration that caused effects on fish growth. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design with four treatments. Each treatment will be repeated three times. The variable test was a difference of doses of probiotic P0 (0 L.L-1 water), P1 (1 L.L-1 water), P2 (1.5 L.L-1 water), and P3 (2 L.L-1 water). The observations on the value of hematological status showed erythrocytes in the P2 treatment was 2.9 x 1012.L-1 and P3 was 2.5 x 1012.L-1. It was categorized as a normal condition, while P0 and P1 (2.0 x 1012.L-1) were below normal values. The hemoglobin values of P2 (9.6 g.dL-1) and P3 (9.0 g.dL-1) were in accordance with normal values, while P0 (4.9 g.dL-1) and P1 (6.1 g.dL-1) were below normal. The hematocrit value in P2 was under the normal limit of 39%, while the treatments P0, P1, and P3 were below the normal limit. The leucocyte values in all treatments (P0, P1, P2, and P3) were above the normal (high) value, influenced by high stocking density. The best intestinal villi length was found in P2, which is 2431.42 µm; the villi width is 631.90 µm. Based on the observations on all variables, it can be stated that the probiotic doses have significant biofloc growth and hematological and histological intestine status. Furthermore, the (P2) treatment with 1.5 L.L-1 water effectively affected the growth of catfish (Clarias sp). Keywords: Biofloc, Catfish, Hematology, Histology, Probiotic Petrifish.

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKs) Expression and Primary Stress Hormone (Cortisol) of Clarias sp. Juvenile in Different Light Intensity

Clarias sp. is one of major genera of freshwater catfish and also common commodity in tropical aquaculture. Excessive light intensity is expected to be responded to by fish as environmental stressors. Fish that experience stress will increase the secretion of catecholamine, cortisol, blood glucose levels and p38 MAPKs in catfish. The different intensity of lights will affect the fish physiological processes. The purpose of this study was to analyze physiological responses (Level of blood glucose, primary stress hormone (Cortisol) and p38 MAPKs) catfish Clarias sp. which were incubated at different lights intensity of catfish. 300 fish were collected from Kepanjen Regency, East Java. Blood and meat sampling are carried out to test the profile of glucose, cortisol, and p38 MAPKs. The experimental research at this stage were carried out by transferred the catfish from Kepanjen to experimental aquarium (50 x 30 x 30 cm) that setted the different lights intensity (0 lux (control), 400 lux, 800 lux and 1200 lux). Each experimental aquarium is filled with 15 catfish and will be kept it for 21 days. Quantificationof the parameter using ELISA method. The study result showed highest peak of primary stress hormone (cortisol) levels are 34±1,50 ng/mL, blood glucose levels are 120±3,4 mg/dL, and p38 MAPK are 97±1,1 %. All of it were achieved in the treatment of 1200 lux on the 2nd week.

ANALYSIS OF THE CANVAS MODEL BUSINESS FOR FISH FARMING IN SANGRIANG FARM, TUATUNU SUB-DISTRICT, GERUNGGANG SUB-DISTRICT, PANGKALPINANG CITY

The fish farming business in Pangkalpinang City is growing along with the increasing demand for aquaculture products. Sangriang Farm is a fish farming business engaged in the hatchery and rearing of Gurame ( Osphronemus goramy ), Catfish ( pangasius sp .), Goldfish ( Cyprinus carpio ), Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), and Catfish ( Clarias sp .). This study aims to analyze existing business models and recommend new business models through the Business Model Canvas (BMC). The research method used in this study is a survey method with a case study technique. Analysis of existing conditions reinforced by SWOT analysis resulted in BMC improvements in Channels elements (use of social media, product labels, and packaging), Key Resources (additional human resources, capital, and intensification of cultivation technology), Customer Segments (target consumers of semi-finished processed products and restaurant suppliers), and Revenue Streams (bookkeeping management and product diversification). Implementing the recommendations is expected to increase the business capacity of Sangriang Farm.

Diversification of local products based on Wet Protein Isolate of Catfish (Clarias Sp) as a protein source to prevent stunting

Stunting is a condition of failure to grow and develop in children due to lack of nutritional intake for a long time. This is a major threat in realizing quality Indonesian human resources. The consumption of animal protein in Indonesia is at least 6 kg/capita/day. Therefore, a food diversification program is needed to meet the needs of animal protein, especially those sourced from fish. One of the aquaculture commodities that has a very large opportunity to be developed in the context of fulfilling the nutrition of the Indonesian people is catfish. Therefore, the use of oversized catfish as an ingredient for the manufacture of local products in the form of cendol has the potential to be developed to increase protein content. This study aims to determine the formulation of a dessert (cendol) based on wet protein isolate (surimi) of catfish. The concentration of surimi used in the preliminary study was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%. The resulting product is then characterized by organoleptic, chemical, and biological characteristics. The results of the proximate test in the main study showed that the higher the percentage of surimi used, the higher the protein content of cendol products. The results of the commercial cendol proximate test, and surimi-based cendol with the addition of 25%, 30%, and 35% surimi percentages were 1.24%, 4.13%, 4.74% and 5.47%, respectively. During 8 days of storage at 6oC there was a decline in product quality as seen from all test parameters on cendol products.

Pengenalan Budi Daya Ikan dalam Ember untuk Kemandirian Pangan di Kampung Enam, Kota Tarakan

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on society, such as job losses, rising staples, and economic hardship. Prices of food needs that continue to increase and are not affordable have resulted in food problems, one of which is protein. One of the high-quality protein is protein from fish. Fish as a fishery commodity that is relatively easy to cultivate on a large industrial scale and household scale for food self-sufficiency is catfish (Clarias sp). The purpose of this activity is to add insight and knowledge of the community about budikdamber for food self-sufficiency. The method of implementing community service activities in Kampung Six is carried out by counseling and training methods on Budikdamber. In this training activity, a bucket with 40 liters of water and 20 catfish seeds was used. Maintenance was carried out for 60 days with ad satiation feeding three times a day. Observations were made on growth, survival and water quality. The results of the activity found that 93% of the community partners had understood about Budikdamber. Budikdamber maintenance by partner communities gets an absolute weight growth value of catfish of 14 g, catfish survival value of 75%, and 1 bunch of kale per bucket. Based on the results of this activity, it is hoped that there will be the provision of special land for Budikdamber as an example for people who want to develop in their respective yards.

Feasibility Study for Catfish Farming Business in A Bucket in Kp Biru, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia has had a negative impact on various sectors such as health, economy, and others. There needs to be a strategic solution to survive. There are various ways people survive and win against the Covid-19 pandemic. The community's economy is destroyed. This is certainly a trigger for people to do anything to survive. The emergence of household-scale businesses. Creative ideas are emerging. One of them is damber catfish cultivation in kp Biru, Malang, East Java. The author is interested in making this damber catfish cultivation object. business feasibility study research. Catfish is one type of fish that can live in high density. This fish has a good conversion rate of feed into body weight. With these properties, catfish farming will be very profitable if done intensively. Catfish (Clarias sp) is one type of freshwater fish consumption. Catfish is a type of catfish or in other words a fish that has a mustache. Catfish are raft and caninal. The characteristics of catfish are elongated and slightly rounded body shape, on the pectoral fins there are hard and sharp spines (patil), striped body color with a flat head and there is a mustache and slippery because it does not have scales. This fish has an additional breathing apparatus in the form of a modification of its gill arc, namely arborescent. This catfish has a fairly complete nutritional content. The chemical and nutritional content of catfish are fat, protein, vitamins (BI, B). The study used descriptive qualitative methods and participatory methods, observations and interviews. The study also used SWOT analysis to map strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats. The SWOT method can be used to determine strategies, fix deficiencies and can also read competitors. The final result of this damber catfish business feasibility study can be an indicator of how to run this business better from the management aspect including product, management, HR, marketing and financial aspects. Good business management will increasingly provide promising benefits. The purpose of this research is to encourage people to be more active, creative and productive and to continue to innovate to create something different. The harvest can be developed for processed products so that they become added value and become various kinds of processed innovations. With the innovation of this catfish processed product, it is hoped that it can change the community's economy to be stronger. Be more independent and Isa will create a new strong businessman

Evaluation of fermented rice bran to replace soybean meal in the diet of Clarias sp. fingerling

Rice bran is being fermented using Aspergillus niger in order to increase its usage as a raw material for the catfish diet. This research aims to evaluate the potentials of rice bran fermented with A. niger to replace soybean meal in catfish Clarias sp diet. There were two research stages, first the fermentation test of A. niger on rice bran that used a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of A. niger (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/100 g) and incubation time (0. 24 and 48 hours). Secondly, the substitution test of soybean meal with fermented rice bran on five different of substitution levels (0, 15, 20, 35, and 40%) in the catfish diet. The results showed that the fermentation of A. niger of 2 % with an incubation period of 24 hours in rice bran resulted in the smallest crude fiber and fraction content, and increased protein and amino acid including serine, threonine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, and lysine. The specific growth rate in the substitution treatment of 0-20% was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of 35-40%. There was also no difference (P>0.05) in the growth performance of catfish in the 0 to 20% substitution treatment. Also, replacing soybean meal with fermented rice bran up to 20% did not have a negative effect on the growth performance of catfish. It was concluded that fermented rice bran could be used as raw material for catfish.

Solid Fermentation of Pelletized Fish Feeds Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal to Enhance Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Unsustainable use of fish meal as protein and lipid ingredients in aquafeed has driven the search for alternative. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae have been widely studied for the substitution purpose. This study aims at investigating the effect of solid fermentation of pelleted diets containing BSF larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance of catfish Clarias sp. Four feed pellets were formulated: F1 (non-fermented, 60% BSFLM), F2 (fermented, 60% BSFLM), F3 (non-fermented, 50% BSFLM), and F4 (fermented, 50% BSFLM). These formulated diets and commercial feed pellets (positive control) were separately fed to the catfishes in 5 aquaria (10 fishes per aquaria in triplicate). Results showed that the fermentation increased the protein level by 10–11%, but kept the crude lipid concentrations unchanged. Specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) profiles for fermented feeds F2 and F4 were higher than the non-fermented feeds F1 and F3, respectively. F4 gave the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.78, which was 15–25% more efficient than F1, F2, and F3. Compared to the commercial feed, the 4 formulated feeds underperformed by around 50% in all of the growth parameters except survival rates (SR) which were not significantly different (93–100%).

The effect of fortification Moringa oleifera leaves powder on calcium content in otak-otak products of Clarias sp.

Clarias sp. is one of the most common types of freshwater fish. The utilization of Clarias sp. is only limited to fresh consumption, whereas the nutritional content of Clarias sp. is potential as a source of nutrition. High protein and low-fat content make Clarias sp. can be processed into diversification of traditional food such as otak-otak products. The otak-otak products can be used as functional food, but there is a weakness i.e. the low of Calcium of otak-otak products. This study aims to determine (1) fortification of Moringa oleifera leaves on organoleptic and (2) mineral content of Calcium the otak-otak products. The method used is an experimental method with a simple Completely Randomized Design. Independent variables of this study were concentration of Moringa oleifera leaves powder 4%, 8% and 12% while dependent variable was Calcium content. The results showed that fortification of Moringa oleifera leaves powder had a significant effect on organoleptic aroma, taste, texture, appearance and Calcium content of the otak-otak products. The best fortification of Moringa oleifera leaves powder is 4% with the results of aroma of 41.00; taste 37.25; texture 38.00 and appearance of 38.05. Calcium content of otak-otak products reached 3.09±0.099 mg.