Cladophora Crispata Research Articles

Characterization and in vitro antibacterial activity of sulfated polysaccharides from freshwater alga Cladophora crispata.

Barada River is characterized by an abundant growth of freshwater algae. Cladophora sp. algae have emerged as a new source of bioactive compounds. In this research Cladophora crispata was cultivated with the outdoor method, and algal sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) were extracted by an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. After extraction, gel filtration was used to purify the crude SPs, SP compounds were determined and selected, and the effect of purified SPs as antibacterial agents was investigated. The purified extract gave two fractions (F1 and F2). The chemical components of both crude and purified SPs were then determined. The highest carbohydrate content (74.12%) and protein content (4.02%) was found in the crude extract, while the highest sulfate content (12.17%) was found in purified fraction F2, and the highest uronic acid content (18.46%) was found in purified fraction F1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to confirm that the crude extract and fractions consist of sugar, uronic acids, protein and sulfate groups. Both F1 and F2 consisted of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and ribose based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. Each fraction showed an inhibitory effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. F2 has the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus anthracis , Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , where its MIC values were 6, 13, 25 and 30 mg ml-1, respectively. Algae polysaccharides are of key interest due to their antibacterial properties, which has led to them being included in pharmaceutics and food applications.

Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Cladophora crispata

Cladophora crispata, a diffusive green freshwater algum in Syria, forms a rich source of nutrients, especially sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). The SPs were extracted from Cladophora crispata by ultrasonic-assisted extraction using different types of solvents (methanol-70%, ethanol-70% and acetone-70%) at various temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) and for different extraction times (30, 75 and 120 min). Maximum yield of SPs (13%) and highest total soluble carbohydrate (74.36%) were achieved using acetone-70% as a solvent at 40 °C for 120 min. Purification of crude SPs was performed using Sephadex gel G-100. The purification process afforded two fractions (F1 and F2) for all treatments. The monosaccharides for the crude and for the F1 and F2 fractions were identified by thin-layer chromatography to consist of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and ribose. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ATBS assays) of the crude and fractions were determined. FT-IR analysis revealed that the fractions consist of sugar units, protein units, sulfate groups and uronic acids, the content of which was determined following standard methods. Highest sulfate content was obtained upon extraction at low temperature (40 oC). The sulfate content had a significant strong positive correlation with the DPPH scavenging activity, but a weak negative one with the ABTS values. On the other hand, the uronic-acid content had a significant negative correlation with the DPPH values and a positive one with the ATBS values. Highest scavenging activity on DPPH radical (35.82%) was observed for the F2 fraction from the acetone-70% extract which had the highest sulfate content, while the highest scavenging effect on ABTS (39.71%) was found for the F1 fraction from the ethanol-70% extract which had the highest uronic-acid content.

Isolation and identification of an alkaloidic compound similar to Calothrixin-A from green alga Cladophora crispata (Roth.) Kützing

The isolation and identification of an alkaloidic compound similar to Calothrixin-A for were done here first time from the green algae (Chlorophyta) Cladophora crispata, isolated from Garmat-Ali river in Basrah in Iraq, purified and cultivated in Chu-10 medium. The growth rate was K=1.3 and the generation time G=0.23. The identification of the compound was made depending on its chemical and physical properties by using thin layer chromatoghraphy (TLC) and column chromatoghraphy. A single compound was isolated and tested by University and IR spectra. The melting point and solubility of the purified compound were determined using organic and inorganic solvents. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 5.5 μg /cm3 against G-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aurrus (ATCC25922) and 6 μg/cm3 against G-negetive bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC25923). The toxicity of the alkaloidic compound was examined against human red blood cells and no toxic effect was detected.

Epiphytic phytoplankton in response to divergent air pollutants from urban and commercial zones of Chennai District, Tamil Nadu, India: A case study towards phytoplankton based Air Quality Index.

Microalgae are an effective source of bioindicators to screen any changes of the natural ecosystem in the environment. With the increase in air pollution due to different potential sources, pollution monitoring stations are deployed across the nation with sophisticated analytical methodologies. However, phytoplankton can also serve as an indicator of air pollution as they possess the ability to absorb particulate contaminants. With previous studies on indicator species based on aquatic habitats, this study was carried out to comprehend the interaction between gaseous oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, particulate matter with diameter less than 10 and 2.5μm (PM10, PM 2.5), with the population density, abundance and frequency of terrestrial epiphytic microalgae from residential and commercial areas of Chennai District, Tamil Nadu. There was a significant correlation between the members of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae with the abovementioned air pollutants. Cluster analysis, CCA and NMDS analysis were done to find the interaction pattern. The results suggested few indicator species from genera Chlorella, Phormidium, Nitzschia, Navicula, Spirogyra and Oscillatoria. Species of Desmodesmus, Gleocapsa, Gleocyctis and Lyngbya can be considered as an addition to Palmer's list of tolerant species. During this study, the occurrence of filamentous Cladophora crispata is reported for the first time from Tamil Nadu, India. This study unveiled the list of microalgal species resistant to air pollutants from one of the highly polluted cities of India.

The Efficacy of Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora crispata Extracts against Sarcoptic Mange In Vitro and In Vivo

a peer-reviewed, open access online international journal which publishes original research papers. The journal welcomes submission from scholars and experts for possible publication from all over the world. The scope of the journal includes: Pharmaceutical research, chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, biological evaluation of crude extracts, ethnomedicine, traditional and complementary medicine, ethnopharmacology, biomedical research, Biotechnology, Evaluation of natural substances of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals, pharmacognosy, bioavailability, clinical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals, Isolation and characterization of compounds, structure elucidation, synthesis and experimental biosynthesis of natural Product as well as developments of methods in these areas are welcomed in the journal.

Effect of algae on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Ujani reservoir is one of the prominent wetland in India. Ujani reservoir is well-suited for the growth of different types of algae, that's why it is rich in algal diversity. Dominance of different algal species found in Ujani reservoir, out of that only five species (Synechococcus aeruginosus Naegeli, Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Gomont, Cladophora crispata (Roth). Kuetzing, Spirogyra jugalis (Fl. Dan.) Kuetzing and Chara fragilis Desvaux in Loiseleur-Deslongchamps) selected for the trial of experiment on tomato plants. On the basis of results these algal species (Chara fragilis, Spirogyra jugalis and Synechococcus aeruginosus) recommended to use as a supplementary fertilizers. Statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, and yield as compared to control.

Effect of different algal powder on growth and productivity of Moongbean (Phaseolus radiata)

Various species of algae grow luxuriantly in Ujani reservoir. Those species found in large amount are used for experimental purpose. The effect of selected five algal species (Synechococcus aeruginosus, Spirulina plantensis, Cladophora crispata, Spirogyra jugalis and Chara fragilis) was evaluated as biofertilizer on growth and productivity of Moongbean. From the study it was observed that application of algae on Moongbean gives higher yield compared to control. Statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences in plant height,number of leaves and yield as compared to control.

Assessment of the antibacterial activity of macroalgae Cladophora crispata extract against extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic children

Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old in developing countries. Objective: This study designed to investigate the occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (E. coli ) as etiological infectious agents of diarrhea in children, assessment of their susceptibility/resistance to antibiotics, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the macroalgae Cladophora crispata extract towards these bacteria . Materials and Methods: 150 diarrheic stool samples were collected from children less than 5 years and cultured. The isolated bacteria were subjected to various identification and biochemical tests. Then all the isolated bacteria (E. coli ) were subjected to ESBL-producing screening by double-disc synergy test, the antibacterial activity of algal extract and antibiotic susceptibility test against tested bacteria were determined by using agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods respectively . Results: Out of total 150 samples, only 18 isolates revealed the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli, which showed highly susceptibility to gentamicin and amikacin, Cladophora crispata extract revealed a strong antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing E. coli. Conclusion: Cladophora crispata extract showed a strong antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing E. coli which can be exploited as source of antibacterial drugs to control and treatment diarrheal infection caused by these bacteria.

Assessment of the antibacterial activity of macroalgae Cladophora crispata extract against extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic children

Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old in developing countries. Objective: This study designed to investigate the occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (E. coli ) as etiological infectious agents of diarrhea in children, assessment of their susceptibility/resistance to antibiotics, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the macroalgae Cladophora crispata extract towards these bacteria . Materials and Methods: 150 diarrheic stool samples were collected from children less than 5 years and cultured. The isolated bacteria were subjected to various identification and biochemical tests. Then all the isolated bacteria (E. coli ) were subjected to ESBL-producing screening by double-disc synergy test, the antibacterial activity of algal extract and antibiotic susceptibility test against tested bacteria were determined by using agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods respectively . Results: Out of total 150 samples, only 18 isolates revealed the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli, which showed highly susceptibility to gentamicin and amikacin, Cladophora crispata extract revealed a strong antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing E. coli. Conclusion: Cladophora crispata extract showed a strong antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing E. coli which can be exploited as source of antibacterial drugs to control and treatment diarrheal infection caused by these bacteria.

A study on Cladophora Kuetz from Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh

Present paper deals with 23 taxa of genus Cladophora which includes 20 genera 13 species and 5 varieties. Of these Cladophora fracta Kuetz, Cladophora limformis Grun, Cladphora intermedia Foslie, Cladophora uberrima Lambert and Cladophora crispata are new records for the area.

English

Antiparasitic activity of the microalgae Cladophora crispata isolated from Garmat-Ali River in southern Iraq was studied. Water samples were collected from river in the northern of Basrah, and cultured in chu-10 medium. Supernatants, alkaloidic and ethylacecate extracts from biomass were extracted and screened against the hydatidosis compared with albendazole drug. The present study reveal that 2- (N, N-dimethyl hydrazine) cyclohexanecarbointrile and pyridine 2,3,4,5 - tetrahyro compounds have activity against the protoscolices of hydatid cysts accordingly to the activity of albendazole based on the mean of weight of mice, mean of hydatid cysts number, mean of diameters and weights of hydatid cysts. The current study concludes that the alkaloidal and ethylacetate extracts of Cladophora crispata have a positive effect on the protoscolices of hydatid cyst in comparison with albendazole activity, related to reduction in the number and weight of hydatid cyst as well as the obstruction of germinated layer which is responsible for proliferation of protoscolices.   Key words: Algae, Cladophora crispata, bioactive chemical compounds, antiparasitic activity, hydatid cysts.

Melet Irmağı'nda (Ordu) Cladophora crispata'da Bazı Ağır Metal Düzeyleri

Cladophora species accumulate high nutrient levels in the areas contaminated by domestic and industrial wastes. This species are generally considered as the best bioindicator of aquatic eco - system contaminatio n by heavy metals. The object of this study was to investigate to cadmium, cobalt, chrome, copper, lead, nickel, iron and zinc concentration of Cladophora crispata sam - ples taken from stations on Melet River provided drinkin g water in Ordu. For this aim, t he con - centrations of heavy metals in Cladophora crispata sample were collected from four different stations, were determined using ICP -MS and AAS methods. All heavy metals were statistically analysed and evaluated. When the lead ( Pb; 844. 9 μg/g) values of the Cladophora crispata samples collected from the second stations near copper, lead and zinc mining industry were compared with the data from other stations (ANOVA), the differences were meaningful and significant.

Solation and identification of an alkaloidic compound similar to Calothrixin-A from green alga Cladophora crispata (Roth.) Kützing

solation and identification of an alkaloidic compound similar to Calothrixin-A from green alga Cladophora crispata (Roth.) Kützing

The Equilibrium and Kinetic Modelling of the Biosorption of Copper(II) Ions on Cladophora crispata

The biosorption of Cu(II) ions on Cladophora crispata was investigated as a function of the initial pH, temperature and initial Cu(II) ion concentration. Algal biomass exhibited the highest Cu(II) uptake capacity at 25∘C and at the initial pH of 4.5. Equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The pseudo second order kinetic model was applied to describe the kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated in the studied concentration range of Cu(II) ions at all the temperatures studied. The experimental data fitted well to the pseudo second order kinetic model with a high correlation coefficient (R 2 > 0.99), which indicates that the external mass transfer limitations in the system can be neglected and the chemical sorption is the rate-limiting step. The pseudo second order kinetic constants were also used to calculate the activation energy of Cu(II) biosorption.

Derivation and application of a new model for heavy metal biosorption by algae

An equilibrium model for describing the relationships between important parameters for heavy metal sorption by algae was derived through a thermodynamics approach. In this model, both the removal efficiency of heavy metal and metal adsorption per unit algal biomass are considered to be simple functions of the ratio of algal biomass concentration to the initial metal concentration for selected conditions, i.e. as at constant pH and temperature. The model was found to fit the experimental results well (judged by the correlation–regression coefficient, R2), for the adsorption of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc by two algal species, Oocystis sp. (both living and non-living) and Chlorococcum sp. The applicability of the model was also supported by the reprocessed results of experimental data given in the literature, i.e. for the metal species, Cd, Pb, Cu and Ag, the algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Cladophora crispata, and both batch and continuous fixed-bed reactors. It was also demonstrated that the model could be applied over a broad range of pH for cadmium and copper adsorption by Oocystis sp. However, the model was not applicable at very low and high pH levels, due to negligible adsorption and precipitation, respectively.

Investigation of zinc(II) adsorption on Cladophora crispata in a two‐staged reactor

Investigation of zinc(II) adsorption on Cladophora crispata in a two‐staged reactor

Investigation of zinc(II) adsorption onCladophora crispata in a two-staged reactor

In this study, the adsorption of zinc(II) ions on Cladophora crispata, a green alga, was studied with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial metal ion and biomass concentration in order to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. Optimum initial pH values for zinc(II) ions were found to be 5.0 at optimum temperature, 25 °C. The initial adsorption rates increased with increasing initial zinc(II) ion concentration up to 100 mgdm−3. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were developed at various initial pH and temperature values. Then, the adsorption of zinc(II) ions to C crispata was investigated in a two-staged mixed batch reactor. The residual metal ion concentrations (Ceq) at equilibrium at each stage for a given quantity of dried algae (Xo)/volume of solution containing heavy metal ion (Vo) ratio were calculated by using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm constants. It was observed that the experimental biosorption equilibrium data for zinc(II) ions are in good agreement with those calculated using both Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorbed zinc(II) ion concentration increased with increasing Xo/Vo ratios while the adsorbed metal quantities per unit mass of dried algae decreased. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

Cadmium(II) adsorption on Cladophora crispata in batch stirred reactors in series

In this study, the adsorption of cadmium(II) ions onto Cladophora crispata was investigated in a two-staged batch reactor. The sorption phenomenon was expressed by the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and these expressions were used for the calculation of the equilibrium value of the residual cadmium(II) concentration at each stage. The experimental equilibrium values were compared with the values obtained from Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. These results showed that the increase in biomass quantity or the increase of X o/ V o ratios affected the quantities of cadmium removed from aqueous solution.

Investigation of the Column Performance of Cadmium(II) Biosorption by Cladophora crispata Flocs in a Packed Bed

ABSTRACT In this study the biosorption of cadmium(II) ions to dried floes of Cladophora crispata, a kind of green algae, was investigated in a packed bed column. The cadmium(II) removal performance of the column was investigated as a function of the cadmium(II)-bearing solution flow rate and the inlet cadmium(II) concentration. Re- moval and total removal percentages of cadmium(II) related to flow volume were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at three different flow rates for two different constant inlet concentrations. At the lowest flow rate the effect of inlet cadmium(II) concentration on the column capacity was also investigated. Data confirmed that early saturation and lower cadmium(II) removals were observed at higher flow rates and at higher cadmium(H) concentrations. Column experiments also showed that maximum specific cadmium(II) uptake values of C. crispata floes were as higher as those of other biomass sorbents.

Investigation of Biosorption of Chromium(VI) on Cladophora Crispata in Two-Staged Batch Reactor

In this study, the adsorption of chromium(VI) to C. crispata was investigated in a two-staged batch reactor. The sorption phenomenon was expressed by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and this expression was used for the calculation of the equilibrium value of the residual or adsorbed chromium(VI) concentration(Ceq or Cxeq) at each stage for a given “quantity of alga/volume of waste water containing chromium(VI)” or (Xo/Vo) ratio in a two-staged batch reactor. Experimental Ceq values were compared to calculated ones at each stage. Applications in waste water treatment for chromium(VI) removal have been suggested.