Fabric Thickness Research Articles

Research status of the transition layer on laser cladding

Laser cladding technology is widely used in component repair and surface strengthening because of its advantages of various powder options and high processing efficiency. This paper outlines the application and research of transition layers in laser cladding and details the advantages of transition layers in terms of bonding performance, defect rate, and cladding thickness. Compared with conventional laser cladding, the composite process with the addition of transition layer has been further improved in terms of organization, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. In addition, the repair process of laser cladding to meet the cladding thickness of the parts and avoid the degradation of surface properties is also discussed.

The Impact of Meteorological Changes on Human Comfort in Residential Buildings

This research article investigates the effect of meteorological changes on the comfort of residents in Imo State, Nigeria, which is situated in a tropical monsoon climate. The study aims to assess the state of the indoor environment in residential buildings in Imo State, considering thermal changes caused by meteorological variations. A case study approach was adopted, focusing on a selected residential building in Umuasonye, Orji, Owerri North, Imo State. The study spanned a period of 10 years, from 2011 to 2021, and included physical observation, measurement, and qualitative analysis of the collected data. A case study approach was employed to overcome limitations in accessing a large sample size of individual residential buildings. The selected residential building in Umuasonye, Orji, Owerri North, Imo State served as a representative example for the study. Data collection involved physical observation, measurement, and qualitative analysis over a 10-year period, from 2011 to 2021. This approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the indoor environment and its relationship with meteorological changes. Findings reveal significant climate and weather changes in Imo State, leading to thermal variations in building spaces. The study assesses the impact on resident comfort and identifies adaptive strategies employed. During dry seasons, residents utilized cooling systems, ventilation, and reduced hot water usage. In wet seasons, measures such as closing windows, wearing thick clothing, and increased hotwater usage were observed. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of meteorological changes on resident comfort in Imo State, Nigeria. It highlights the importance of climate-responsive building design and systems, showcasing adaptive strategies employed by residents. The case study approach contributes to knowledge for architects, building industry stak eholders, and users interested in promoting climate-responsive buildings and systems

Evaluation model of fabric transient cooling sensation based on multiple stepwise regression analysis

In this paper, according to the one-dimensional heat transfer mechanism between fabric and human body, it is found that different thermal properties affect different heat transfer stages of fabric. Therefore, we used the maximum heat flux qmax as the index to characterize the transient contact cool feeling of fabrics, and measured the thermal properties, various specifications and surface morphology of 40 kinds of summer fabrics. Firstly, we discussed the influence of the above properties on the transient cool feeling. Secondly, according to multivariate stepwise regression, the significant representative variables are selected, and the prediction model of transient coolness and fabric properties is established. Furthermore, the model was verified to explore the subjective and objective consistency. The results show that, in the transient heat transfer stage, the influencing factors that are significantly related to the cool feeling of fabric include fabric thickness, grammage, volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, warp and weft density, and roughness. The main component representative variables of the cooling sensation regression equation are volumetric heat capacity and thickness, and other variables can be explained by these two variables. Changing them is the key to enhance the cooling sensation. The predicted value of coolness is in good agreement with the subjective evaluation of cooling sensation, which has a certain guiding effect on the actual human cool feeling. The purpose of this study is to find out the main factors that affect the cool feeling, and then apply the established cool feeling model to the development of fabrics in summer, so as to meet the thermal comfort requirements of human body’s fabrics.

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of Al2O3/Y2O3 nanolaminates fabricated by atomic layer deposition

The structure and composition of nanocomposites constitute design parameters that can be manipulated to get control over their linear and nonlinear optical response. In this work, we report the linear and nonlinear optical properties of samples consisting of multiple Al2O3/Y2O3 bilayers with a total thickness of ∼ 500 nm, fabricated through the atomic layer deposition technique onto Si and SiO2 substrates. Fabrication of the multiple layer configurations was made for four Y2O3 layer thicknesses, while maintaining a constant Al2O3 layer thickness for all the samples fabricated. Physical and chemical characterization of the samples produced was conducted by optical ellipsometry, transmission electron microscopy and XRD. Moreover, their third-order nonlinear optical properties were studied through the z-scan technique with 100 fs pulses at 800 nm from a Ti:Sapphire laser, allowing the resolution of the refractive and absorptive contributions to the response. The nonlinear parameters extracted from the experiments are discussed in terms of the fabrication thickness of the selected materials. Additionally, figures of merit relevant for the possible application of these materials in optical processing system are calculated and discussed.

Wind-uplift capacity of cold-formed steel weatherboard claddings—Experimental​ and numerical investigations

Cold-formed steel (CFS) weatherboard claddings are popular in industrial and housing applications, and CFS weatherboard claddings with spans of up to 1500m are now being used in New Zealand. However, there are limited experimental data on their behaviour under uplift and cyclic wind loading. This paper presents a detailed experimental investigation to investigate the wind-uplift capacity of clip-fixed CFS weatherboard cladding. A total of 24 new tests were carried out on a series of weatherboard claddings under static wind uplift and cyclic pressure using a Pressure Loading Actuator (PLA). Two different cladding thicknesses (0.48 mm and 0.55 mm) were considered in the experimental investigation. The material properties of the claddings were determined using tensile coupon tests and the initial geometric imperfections were measured using a laser scanner. Tests revealed that the weatherboard clips are susceptible to local failure in the region of the tek screws where two adjacent cladding sheets are connected, followed by the global failure of the cladding assembly at ultimate wind pressure. The global failure was initiated by the shear failure of the weatherboard clips. A nonlinear finite element model was also developed for weatherboard claddings under static wind uplift pressure, which showed reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The non-linear material properties and initial imperfections were included in the finite element model. A parametric study was conducted comprising 264 finite element models to investigate the effect of thickness, yield stress and cladding span on the wind uplift capacity of such weatherboard claddings. It was found that the width of pan, yield stress and cladding thickness are important factors in influencing the wind-uplift capacity of such weatherboard cladding profiles. The experimental results and the numerical model can be used by the researchers and practising engineers to predict the wind-uplift capacity of such weatherboard claddings under static wind uplift and cyclic wind pressures.

Effect of plasma treatment on polyester knitted fabrics: Part I - Thermal comfort

Plasma-treated thermal comfort properties of four different types of polyester knitted fabrics (spun, continuous filament, micro denier and hollow fibre polyester), have been studied. The oxygen plasma treatment shows an encouraging effect on the air permeability, thermal conductivity, relative water vapour permeability, and wicking of the fabric samples. The findings mostly depend on the oxygen gas, loop length parameter and the thickness of the fabric. The oxygen plasma treatment also affects the thickness of fabric. The plasma-treated micro denier fabric, having courser count with higher loop length, shows higher air permeability. The plasma-treated hollow fibre polyester fabric has higher water vapour permeability, higher thermal conductivity and the highest wicking height.

Preparation and Properties of Flexible Cushioning Composites Based on Silicone Rubber and Warp—Knitted Spacer Fabric

This paper aims to develop a new type of flexible cushioning composite material that can be applied to cushioning protective appliances. Room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV silicone rubber) was filled into five groups of warp knitted spacer fabrics with different structural parameters, and flexible cushioning composites with filling rates of 30%, 50% and 70% were prepared. At the same time, there was a group of warp knitted spacer fabrics without silicone rubber as control. Then the infrared spectrum of silicone rubber was analyzed to test the compression and impact properties of flexible cushioning composite. It is found that the increase of filling rate enhances the compressive and impact properties of flexible cushioning composites. The flexible cushioning composite material can show better compression performance at a larger compression ratio. The structural parameters affecting the impact properties of flexible cushioning composites are arranged in descending order as fabric thickness, spacer tilt angle, spacer density, mesh number. The established mathematical model can provide a theoretical basis for the performance study of such composite materials. The compressive properties and impact properties of flexible buffer composites are not correlated.

Optimization of light-analyte interaction in Si3N4/polymer hybrid waveguide for sensitive sensing of pyridine vapor with ppb-level detection limit

High-sensitivity and miniature volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor is considerably significant for environment monitoring. Herein we performed the theoretical and experimental optimization of waveguide sensor to realize the sensitive detection of volatile toxic pyridine vapor with ppb-level detection limit. The miniature sensor is based on the CMOS-compatible silicon nitride (Si3N4) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) waveguide with dipolar polycarbonate as sensitive cladding material. Theoretical optimization by varying the waveguide width and the thickness of sensitive cladding is carried out to tune the group refractive index and evanescent field. Experimentally, two MZIs with distinct waveguide widths and sensitive cladding thickness are fabricated to compare their performance in pyridine vapor sensing. The sensing results show that the thickness of sensitive layer plays a key role in sensing sensitivity and response time. The final obtained pyridine sensing sensitivity can reach 63 pm/ppm and the detection limit can be as low as 476 ppb. Our demonstration provide a simple and efficient strategy for sensitive sensing of hazardous chemical vapors, which may find application in biochemical sensing.

Laser Additive Remanufacturing Cladding Thickness Detection System

As an important parameter in laser additive remanufacturing technology, cladding thickness is related to the quality of remanufacturing. Thickness detection during the cladding process can help improve the cladding quality and facilitate manual adjustment of parameters in real time to optimize the cladding thickness. This system develops a set of cladding thickness detection system based on laser displacement sensor. The system consists of hardware and software parts. The hardware part includes laser displacement sensor, mounting plate, digital signal acquisition device and laser cladding system. The software part a set of data acquisition software is developed according to Visual Studio. The system uses two methods to measure, and eliminates the error caused by the tilt factor of the worktable, and realizes the online measurement of cladding thickness.

Factors Influencing Bursting Strength of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

The purpose of this article is to assist engineers in making quick decisions to improve the strength of single jersey knit fabric. This article focused on the different parameters of the single jersey knit fabrics (like stitch length, yarn count, GSM, tightness factor, and fabric thickness) are considered to know their influence on the bursting strength. Five hypotheses have been developed for plain, pique, and fleece knits. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA), correlation coefficient, and regression analysis are executed using the STATA 14.1 program to test the hypotheses at a 5% level of significance. Three of the five hypotheses are rejected. This study supports that the bursting strength of the fabric is dependent on the tightness factor, stitch length, and count of the single jersey knitted fabrics. Here, the stitch length, count, and tightness factor are inversely proportional to the bursting strength. The GSM and fabric thickness have less impact on the bursting strength.

Assessing the height, width and other parameters of elliptical yarn cross-section through the thickness of orthogonal fabrics

This research focuses to assess the height, width, and other parameters of the elliptical yarn cross-section of woven fabrics through the new methodology. Hence this research studies the Elliptical Cross-Section of the yarn through the orthogonal fabric. Because in orthogonal fabric, the weft series stay straight. The samples of orthogonal weaves are produced using different counts of weft yarns. The thicknesses of orthogonal fabrics are estimated. The method of calculating the height of yarn from the thickness of the orthogonal fabric is evolved. The height of different counts of weft yarns used in weaving the orthogonal fabrics is calculated. From the height of the yarn, the width of the yarn is calculated. The height and width of the yarn are compared with the diameter. The comparison shows that the cross-section of the yarn remains elliptical in the fabric. The equations for calculating the flattening and bulging percentages are derived. It is observed that these two percentages are equal. It shows that when the yarn cross-section becomes elliptical in the fabric, the amount of flattening makes the yarn get bulge to the same amount in its width. The constant of height and constant of width are also derived. These constants are equated with the constants of diameter. The study also derived the equation to calculate the height and width of the elliptical cross-section of the given yarn count using the constants. The height, width, and diameter of different yarn counts are compared. The increase/decrease in flattening percentage between the coarser-finer yarns, single–2 ply yarns, and single-folded yarns are examined. It is suggested that the height and width of yarn assessed from the thickness are used to assess the other specifications viz. crimp percentage, cover percentage, and GSM of the fabrics.

Sound Absorbing Panels from Poly(lactic acid) Non-woven Fabric and Natural Fibers

This research studied the utilization of biodegradable polymer for nonwoven fabric production and applied to fabricate a sound absorbing panel by corporate with natural fiber nonwoven fabric. PLA was used as a biodegradable polymer and hemp nonwoven was used as a natural fiber nonwoven fabric. PLA nonwoven fabric was prepared using a melt jet spinning process. The spinning process was carried out at 250 and 260°C with screw speed of 10 rpm and air blown pressure of 0.3 and 0.5 MPa. The die-to-collector of fabric production was studied at 30 and 60 cm to compare the nonwoven fabric product property. It was found that the process temperature, air pressure and die-to-collector distance have significant effects on the nonwoven fabric thickness, GSM, and fabric density. Air permeability decreased with high fabric thickness as well as fine fibers which supported the property of sound absorbing panels. Therefore, the suitable conditions for sound absorbing panel fabrication were processed at temperature of 260°C, air pressure 0.5 MPa and die-to-collector distance of 60 cm. Sound absorbing coefficient measurement revealed that GSM fabric thickness had an effect on increasing sound absorption. The effect of nonwoven sheet order and arrangement of PLA nonwoven and hemp nonwoven of 3 layers sandwich indicated that the layers order of PLA/PLA/Hemp had high sound absorbing coefficient that was comparable with PLA/PLA/PLA due to fiber size and arrangement.

Engineering UPF and comfort parameters of knitted fabrics and validation using statistical techniques

PurposeThe thermophysiological comfort of fabrics is prerequisite as customers covet adequate moisture, heat management-supported and UV protective clothing that measure up to their levels of activities and environmental conditions. Hitherto, scant tasks have been reported with the purpose of engineering both comfort and UV protection simultaneously. From that vantage point, the objective of this work is to develop a model for optimum UPF, air permeability, water-vapour resistance, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity and areal density of knitted fabrics.Design/methodology/approachWeft knitted fabrics of various compositions were investigated. UPF was tested using the Labsphere UV transmittance analyser. The FX 3300 (Textest instruments) air permeability tester was used to test air permeability. Thermal comfort and water-vapour resistance were evaluated using the Alambeta and Permetest instruments, respectively. Based on image processing, the porosity was measured. Fabrics thickness and areal density were measured according to standard methods. Furthermore, parametric and non-parametric statistical test methods were applied to the data for analysis.FindingsLinear regression was substantiated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then multiple linear regression of porosity and thickness together on UPF and comfort parameters were visually depicted by virtue of 3D linear plots. Residual analysis with quantile-quantile and probability plots, advocated the tests using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The result was validated by comparison with experimental data tested. The samples gave satisfactory relative errors and were supported by the z-test method. All tests indicated failure to reject the null hypothesis.Originality/valueThe predictive models were embedded into an interactive computer program. Fabric thickness and porosity are the inputs needed to run the program. It will predict the optimum UPF, areal density and thermophysiological comfort parameters. In a nutshell, knitters may use the program to determine optimum structural parameters for diverse permutations of UPF and thermophysiological comfort parameters; scilicet high UV protection together with low thermal insulation combined with low water-vapour resistance and high air permeability.

Verification of a large-band metamaterial absorber and its application in the measurement of thermal properties of clothing fabrics

The development and application of smart fabrics is a research hotspots in clothing fabrics. Accurately measuring the thermal conductivity of clothing fabric samples is an important basis for developing corresponding products. Here, thermal properties (thermal resistance and diffusivity) of clothing fabrics were measured through using a metamaterial sensor. The measured thermal resistance and diffusivity of the clothing fabrics could be affected by ambient temperature. The measured thermal resistance was also enhanced by increasing the fabric sample thickness. Similar resonance behaviors could be found in the fitted results based on the heat conduction theory. Finally, under the condition of the same thickness and temperature, the thermal properties of four clothing fabric samples were simulated and measured.

Multifunctionality of Thermal Protective Layer Interchanging Double Cloth Conditioned by Influential Parameters.

The proportion of woven fabrics in the broad field of protective textiles is extremely high. By various procedures (surface treatments, fabric lamination, composite production), fabric properties that meet the requirements defined by standards are achieved. However, simultaneously, these procedures cause negative effects in the form of fabric thickness, stiffness, impermeability, non-breathability, and thus, discomfort. Therefore, there are valid and justified reasons to approach the design process of making such woven fabrics using more complex construction solutions-layer interchanging double cloth. In addition, by applying fibres with integrated desired properties and other structural fabric parameters, it is possible to influence the achievement of the properties of multi-purpose multilayer fabrics for protection, which is the aim of this research. The application and combination of aramid and modacrylic/cotton fibres and use of different yarn fineness resulted in different intensities of protection. The correlative values of mentioned parameters and thermal and thermo-physiological properties indicate their strong connection, and thus the effectiveness of the developed woven fabric samples.

Nanofiber-Based Odor-Free Medical Mask Fabrication Using Polyvinyl Butyral and Eucalyptus Anti Odor Agent.

Following the 2020 COVID-19 worldwide outbreak, many countries adopted sanitary and safety measures to safeguard public health such as wearing medical face mask. While face masks became a necessity for people, disadvantages impede their long period wearing such as uncomfortable breathability and odor. The intermediate layer of the medical face mask is composed of porous non-woven fabric to block external particles while maintaining breathability. To overcome aforementioned limitation, this study uses electrospinning to design and fabricate odorless face masks via the use of aromatic oil. Eucalyptus essential oil is encapsulated through mixing and layer-by-layer by hydrophobic polyvinyl butyral and further used to fabricate the medical mask intermediate layer. We found that adding 0.2 g of eucalyptus into polyvinyl butyral fabric through mixing results in the deodorization rate of 80% after 2 h, with fabric thickness of 440.9 μm, and melt-blown non-woven fabric thickness of 981.7 μm. The Particle Filtration Efficiency of 98.3%, Bacterial Filtration Efficiency above 99.9%, and the differential pressure of 4.7 mm H2O/cm2 meet the CNS 14774 standard on medical face masks. Therefore, this study successfully proved that this type of masks’ middle layer not only effectively protects against coronavirus, but also provides better scents and makes it more comfortable for consumers.

Exploring the law of color presentation of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing for textile

With the upgrading of production technology and design aesthetic of textile products, the development and application of double-sided digital printing technology have been gradually proposed in recent years. The production of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing requires high accuracy for color management, as in the production process, different input devices, display devices, and output devices each have varying color processing capabilities and color performance characteristics, which leads to the transfer of color between different devices and not being accurately reproduced. However, there is little research involved in the color formation laws in the design and production of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the prediction model of color presentation in double-sided heterochromatic digital printing. Due to the influence of the fabric thickness, the gap between the textile structure, and the infiltration rate of the printing pigments, the color of each side in double-sided, heterochromatic printing results often differs from the designed color. In this paper, taking chiffon fabric, which is one of the thinnest and has the strongest permeability in silk fabric, as an example fabric base, 24 colors from six hue angles and four chromas were selected as experimental colors. According to the color gamut of the digital printing machine, 15 out of 24 colors were selected as experimental colors. These 15 colors were printed on two sides in pairs to generate 225 color pairs as double-sided experimental samples. For these experimental samples, this paper conducts experiments from both subjective and objective aspects through the combination of subjective evaluation of psychophysics experiments and objective instrument measurement. Through the analysis of experimental data, the color difference prediction under the subjective model (R2 = 0.74) and objective model (R2 = 0.85) are given, respectively. The dominant color prediction model (R2 = 0.75) during double-sided heterochromatic digital printing has also been built. The combination of the three models can predict the color regularity of double-sided heterochromatic digital printing on silk, which may have a certain significance for the design and development of silk double-sided heterochromatic digital printing products.

Variation Law of Thickness Fraction of Three-Laminated Aluminum Composite Plate by Solid–Liquid–Solid and Liquid–Solid–Liquid Twin-Roll Casting

Solid–liquid–solid twin-roll casting (SLS-TRC) and liquid–solid–liquid twin-roll casting (LSL-TRC) are two processes for manufacturing three-laminated aluminum composite plates by using solid–liquid cast-rolling composite technology. In order to study the variation law of thickness fractions, a 1060/3003/1060 three-laminated aluminum composite plate was taken as the manufacturing product, and the thickness of the solid strip was used as the variable. Based on the “uactive” user subroutines of MSC.MARC software, the 2D thermomechanical coupling models of SLS-TRC and LSL-TRC were established respectively, and the thickness variation law of the solid strip under the two processes was obtained and verified by experiments. Finally, the recommended process was given according to the target thickness fraction. The results show that with an increase in the cladding thickness, the KISS point (complete freezing point of molten metal) height of the SLS-TRC process increases, the coordinated deformation position decreases relative to the KISS point, and the strain increases. In the LSL-TRC process, as the thickness of the core increases, KISS point height increases, the coordinated deformation position decreases relative to the KISS point, and the strain decreases. The formation process of the composite interface of the two processes is consistent with the N. Bay theory. Finally, through the comparison of cast-rolling forces, it was found that when manufacturing a three-laminated aluminum composite plate with a relatively small thickness fraction (the thickness fraction is less than 30%), the SLS-TRC process requires less load; when the thickness fraction of the three-laminated aluminum composite plate is large (the thickness fraction is greater than 30%), the load required for the manufacturing of the LSL-TRC process is small. The results of this research can provide practical guidance for the manufacturing of three-laminated metal matrix composite panels.

The Impact of Laminations on the Mechanical Strength of Carbon-Fiber Composites for Prosthetic Foot Fabrication

Carbon-fiber composites are considered to be one of the suitable materials for the fabrication of prosthetic feet. However, commercially available composites-based prosthetic foot designs present several problems for lower limb amputees, such as low tensile strength, reduced impact resistance, high cost, and weight structure. Modulating the mechanical properties of carbon-fiber composites using a simplified method can help reduce these issues. Therefore, our present research aims to identify the impact of increasing the concentration of carbon fiber in the fabrication of carbon-fiber composites by using the hand layup method without the vacuum bagging technique. To improve the mechanical strength of carbon-fiber laminates, an increasing number of carbon-fiber layers are used in sample preparation. This study aims to determine the tensile strength of the laminates with a different number of carbon-fiber laminations. For the preparation of the sample specimen, black 100% 3 K 200 gsm carbon fiber with a cloth thickness of 0.2 mm and tensile strength of 4380 Mpa was laminated with two parts of epoxy resin Araldite® LY556 and Aradur hardener at a ratio of 100:30 to make the test specimen. The results indicated an overall improvement in the tensile strength of carbon-fiber laminates owing to the increase in the number of carbon-fiber layers in successive samples. The maximum achieved tensile strength through the present experimental protocol is 576.079 N/mm2, depicted by a prepared specimen of 10 layers of carbon fiber. Secondly, an increase in the deformation rate has also been observed by increasing the loading rate from 2 mm/min to 5 mm/min during the tensile testing of fabricated samples. These sample carbon-fiber composites can be used in the fabrication of prosthetic feet by controlling the experimental conditions. The fabricated prosthetic foot will assist in rehabilitating lower-limb amputees.

Structural modelling of 100% cotton single jersey fabrics for optimum UV protection

PurposeLightweight, open construction cotton knitted fabrics generally do not impart good protection from solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). As lightweight 100% cotton single jersey is highly cherished for summerwear, it is sine qua non to understand the structural parameters that effectively strike a good balance between UV protection and thermophysiological comfort of the wearer. Relatively heavy fabrics protect from UVR, but comfort is compromised because of waning porosity, increase in thickness and thermal insulation. The purpose of this paper is to engineer knits that will bestow maximum UV protection while preserving the thermophysiological comfort of the wearer.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 27 cotton single jersey fabrics with different areal densities and yarn counts were selected. Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was calculated based on the work of Imrith (2022). To précis, the authors constructed a UV box to measure the UPF of fabrics, denoted as UPFB. UPFB data were correlated with AATCC 183-2004 and yielded high correlation, R2 0.977. It was concluded that UPF 50 corresponds to UPFB 94.3. Thermal comfort properties were measured on the Alambeta and water-vapour resistance on the Permetest. Linear programming (LP) was used to optimize UPFB and comfort. Linear optimization focused on maximizing UPFB while keeping the thermophysiological comfort and areal density as constraints.FindingsThe resulting linear geometrical and sensitivity analyses generated multiple technically feasible solutions of fabrics thickness and porosity that gave valid UPFB, thermal absorptivity and water-vapour and thermal resistance. Subsequently, an interactive optimization software was developed to predict the stitch length, tightness factor and yarn count for optimum UPFB from a given areal density. The predicted values were then used to knit seven 100% cotton single jersey fabrics and were tested for UV protection. All seven fabrics gave UPFB above the threshold, that is, higher than 94.3. The mathematical model demonstrated good correlations with the optimized parameters and experimental values.Originality/valueThe optimization software predicted the optimum UPFB reasonably well, starting from the fabric structural and constructional parameters. In addition, the models were developed as interactive user interfaces, which can be used by knitted fabric developers to engineer cotton knits for maximizing UV protection without compromising thermophysiological comfort. It has been demonstrated that LP is an efficient tool for the optimization and prediction of targeted knitted fabrics parameters.