CK Levels Research Articles

Clinical and Laboratory Findings on Glycogen Storage Disease Type V: Results from a Retrospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Hospital.

Introduction - Glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV, MIM #232600) is an autosomal recessive metabolic myopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the PYGM gene. The characteristic symptoms of exercise intolerance, myalgia, and cramps, which improve after a few minutes of rest, are frequently unrecognized in affected children. When there is clinical suspicion, the initial approach with a forearm exercise test has diagnostic value by detecting low post-exercise plasma lactate-to-ammonia ratio values. The diagnostic algorithm is followed by genetic testing if the results suggest myophosphorylase deficiency. Methods - This was a retrospective observational study conducted based on reviewing medical records of patients with GSDV in a tertiary hospital. We assessed demographic variables, including the timing of onset and diagnosis, relevant clinical characteristics, and whether genetic testing was performed, including its results. Results/Case Report - Our goal was to review the GSDV cases in our center to assess our cohort's diagnostic timing and clinical and genetic characteristics. We identified 28 patients from 24 families, three with consanguinity. The mean age at the time of the study was 43 years. While most (26/28; 93%) recalled their first symptoms in childhood/adolescence, only 25% (7/28) were diagnosed then. All patients had exercise intolerance and CK elevation, while about half reported the second wind phenomenon. Genetic testing was performed in 22 patients, revealing biallelic PYGM variants (9 homozygous, 13 compound heterozygous) as the most common (p.R50*). Conclusion - GSDV is rare and presents in the pediatric age, with subtle manifestations often underestimated for decades. A late diagnosis may negatively impact the psychosocial development of affected children. It is essential to recognize some unique features that facilitate diagnosis: history of exercise intolerance, the second wind sign, and high resting serum CK levels. Identifying the disease-causing variants in PYGM is currently the gold standard for diagnosis as it is less invasive than performing a muscle biopsy, and may promptly diagnose the condition and avoid wrongful labelling of patients.

Clinicopathological Investigations Among Recurrent Camelpox Outbreaks in Omanis’ Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Camelpox remains a widespread viral disease in camelids, with socioeconomic relevance. The present study explored the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in dromedary-racing camels from the North of Oman infected with camelpox virus diagnosed by real-time PCR. Blood and skin samples were collected from camels with clinical signs and skin lesions (n=4) and from healthy camels (n=3) from 10 different camel herds. The results indicated that the infected camels showed clinical signs, including pyrexia, lacrimation, nasal mucus discharge, affixed and swollen eyelids, emaciation, and pimples on the skin of the head, legs, and abdomen. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were significantly greater, with a significant reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in infected camels than in healthy camels. Infected camels had higher CK and creatinine levels and hepatic-related metabolites, including AST, ALP, AST, GGT, and LDH, than the apparently healthy camels. Histopathological examination of skin scab samples revealed ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells in the presence of typical large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and suppurative dermatitis following secondary bacterial infection in all examined infected camels. Camelpox viral DNA was detected using real-time PCR in the blood and skin samples of all infected camels. These findings in dromedary-racing camels associated with a molecular diagnosis of camelpox are described for the first time in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, further studies are warranted.

A rare cause of mixed hypertrophic and dilated phenotype cardiomyopathy – the MELAS syndrome

Abstract Introduction MELAS is a systemic hereditary condition that can present as hypertrophic or mixed hypertrophic and dilated phenotype cardiomyopathy in young individuals, although a late-onset form is also described in the literature. Genetic testing is essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate management. Case presentation We present the case of a 22-year-old male who was referred to our center after being diagnosed with NYHA class III heart failure with a mixed hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. His medical history included stroke episodes, seizures, progressive hypoacusis, neurocognitive impairment, and muscle atrophy. Lactic acidosis and elevated CK levels were also noted. The ECG revealed short PR interval and delta wave in lateral leads. TTE showed mildly dilated and hypertrophied LV and RV with severe biventricular systolic impairment. The CMR study was relevant for ring-like subepicardial fibrosis, predominantly in the medium and apical segments. Brain MRI showed multifocal supratentorial subcortical stroke-like lesions in both cerebral hemispheres, involving multiple vascular territories and following a migratory pattern. Genetic testing confirmed a pathogenic MT-TL1 mutation (m.324A>G) and the patient was diagnosed with MELAS. Further management included specific lifestyle recommendations and cascade genetic screening, as well as starting GDMT for HFrEF. Three months after discharge, his clinical status improved. However, the LVEF remained reduced. After careful consideration, an ICD was implanted for primary prevention. Conclusion A red-flag approach in this young patient, which took into consideration the stroke-like episodes, lactic acidosis, seizures, hypoacusis, myopathy, as well as the short PR interval, led to the correct diagnosis, further confirmed by using the appropriate genetic test. Failure to diagnose affects the patient’s prognosis, as their prognosis and clinical status are influenced by enforcing specific recommendations.

High Prevalence of a c.5979dupA Variant in the Dysferlin Gene (DYSF) in Individuals from a Semiarid Region of Brazil.

Dysferlinopathies represent a group of limb girdle or distal muscular dystrophies with an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern resulting from the presence of pathogenic variants in the dysferlin gene (DYSF). In this work, we describe a population from a small city in Brazil carrying the c.5979dupA pathogenic variant of DYSF responsible for limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2R and distal muscular dystrophy. Genotyping analyses were performed by qPCR using customized probe complementary to the region with the duplication under analysis in the DYSF. A total of 104 individuals were examined. c.5979dupA was identified in 48 (46.15%) individuals. Twenty-three (22%) were homozygotes, among whom 13 (56.5%) were female. A total of 91.3% (21) of homozygous individuals had a positive family history, and seven (30.4%) reported consanguineous marriages. Twenty-five (24%) individuals were heterozygous (25.8±16 years) for the same variant, among whom 15 (60%) were female. The mean CK level was 697 IU for homozygotes, 140.5 IU for heterozygotes and 176 IU for wild-type homo-zygotes. The weakness distribution pattern showed 17.3% of individuals with a proximal pattern, 13% with a distal pattern and 69.6% with a mixed pattern. Fatigue was present in 15 homozygotes and one heterozygote. The high prevalence of this variant in individuals from this small community can be explained by a possible founder effect associated with historical, geographical and cultural aspects.

Transport of Pigs of Two Market Weights at Two Space Allowances: Effects on Behaviour, Blood Parameters, and Meat Quality under Summer and Winter Conditions.

This study was carried out through two separate experiments aiming at evaluating the effects of two space allowances (0.54 and 0.62 m2/pig in summer and 0.44 m2/pig and 0.50 m2/pig in winter) on the behavioural and physiological response, and meat quality of pigs of two slaughter weights (120 kg and 140 kg). In summer, higher blood haematocrit levels were found at slaughter in heavier pigs transported at a smaller space allowance (p = 0.04). During lairage, pigs transported at a smaller space allowance started fighting later (p = 0.04). Fighting behaviour was greater in heavier pigs (p ≤ 0.05), whilst their drinking activity was lower (p < 0.05). This resulted in greater exsanguination blood CK levels (p < 0.01) and drier hams (p = 0.05) in heavier pigs. In winter, only lower space allowance influenced some meat quality traits (p < 0.05), but these effects were minor. The effects of space allowance during summer transports on within-truck ambient conditions, post-transport pigs' welfare, and meat quality are similar. Mixing heavier pigs may result in greater aggressiveness and more fatigue-related meat quality variation during summer. Overall, winter transport results may have been biased by the short journey and within-truck load distribution.

The impact of irradiation on ginsenoside variations in red ginseng and its hypoglycemic effects in type 1 diabetic mice

This study aimed to investigate the impact of irradiation on the saponin content in red ginseng extract (ISERG) and its hypoglycemic effects using high-performance liquid chromatography and in vivo experiments. The results revealed a significant increase in the levels of red ginseng ginsenosides Rh4 and CK by 75.56% and 59.32% respectively after exposure to 15 kGy 60Co-γ irradiation. Furthermore, the administration of 500 mg/kg·BW 15 kGy 60Co-γ irradiated ISERG for 32 days demonstrated notable reductions in blood sugar levels and increased insulin levels in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) mice. Moreover, it effectively improved glucose and lipid metabolism, organ coefficient, and antioxidant related indicators in T1DM mice. The study also observed improvements in the expression levels of InsR, IRS1, and Sirt6 proteins, suggesting their potential in diabetes treatment. These findings highlight the promising application of irradiated red ginseng in the future.

Dietary choline activates the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway and decreases lipid levels in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to evaluate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on choline transport and metabolism, hepatopancreas histological structure and fatty acid profile, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels of 2.91 (basal diet), 3.85, 4.67, 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g/kg, respectively. A total of 960 shrimp (initial weight, 1.38 ± 0.01 g) were distributed randomly into twenty-four 250-L cylindrical fiber-glass tanks, with each diet assigned randomly to 4 replicate tanks. The results indicated that dietary choline significantly promoted the deposition of choline, betaine and carnitine (P < 0.05). The diameters and areas of R cells, total lipid and triglyceride contents in hepatopancreas, and triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid contents in hemolymph were negatively correlated with dietary choline level. The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas, the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), and the mRNA expression of fas, srebp and acc were highest in shrimp fed the diet containing 4.67 g/kg choline, and significantly higher than those fed the diet containing 2.91 g/kg, the lowest level of choline (P < 0.05). The number of R cells, content of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), activities of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (Cpt1), lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, and the mRNA expression levels of cpt1, fabp, fatp, ldlr, and ampk in hepatopancreas increased significantly as dietary choline increased (P < 0.05). In addition, hepatopancreas mRNA expression levels of ctl1, ctl2, oct1, badh, bhmt, ck, cept, and cct were generally up-regulated as dietary choline level increased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary choline promoted the deposition of choline and its metabolites by up-regulating genes related to choline transport and metabolism. Moreover, appropriate dietary choline level promoted the development of hepatopancreas R cells and maintained the normal accumulation of lipids required for development, while high dietary choline not only promoted hepatopancreas lipid export by enhancing VLDL synthesis, but also promoted fatty acid β-oxidation and inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis by activating the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway. These findings provided further insight and understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary choline regulated lipid metabolism in L. vannamei.

Suspicion of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in A 7-Year-Old Madurese Boy: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder presenting in early childhood and characterized by proximal muscle weakness and calf hypertrophy in affected boys associated with a functional deficiency of dystrophin. The incidence of these cases reached 1 in 3500-6000 male births. Research at RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) showed that DMD is the second most frequent neuromuscular disorder in children regardless there is no prevalence data available yet in Indonesia. It is quite complicated to diagnose DMD due to the limited facilities of genetic testing and its high cost. Case Presentation: A 7-year-old boy came with the main complaint of weakness in both legs progressively two years before admission. He had to hold onto the floor and then both knees when started to stand. There was a history of motor and speech delay but family history was denied. Vital signs and nutritional status were within normal. Laboratory examination revealed significantly elevated levels of CK, ALT, and AST. The EMG result supported the presence of myopathy. Due to a lack of facilities, genetic testing or muscle biopsy could not be done. He received prednisone once a day with a 14 mg dose and was scheduled to attend regular physiotherapy. Conclusion: In a limited facilities area, the clinician should have a suspicion of DMD not only by anamnesis and clinical features, but also by considering the elevated levels of CK and myopathies on EMG.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients Residing in the Northeast Sichuan Province of China.

Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are non-suppurative and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of striated muscle. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of heterogeneous diseases that mainly involve the pulmonary interstitium, alveoli, and/or bronchioles, also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD). A significant cause of death in persons with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) is concurrent interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, research on the clinical characteristics and associated influencing factors of PM/DM combined with ILD (PM/DM-ILD) is currently scarce in China. The study aimed to probe the clinical features and risk factors of PM/DM-ILD. The data of 130 patients with PM/DM were gathered. General medical status, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, high-resolution CT, therapeutic outcomes, and prognoses were retrospectively reviewed in patients with PM/DM with (ILD group) and without (NILD) ILD. The age of the ILD group (n=65) was more than the NILD group (n=65), and the difference was statistically significant; there were no significant between-group variations in the PM/DM ratio, sex, or duration of the disease. The initial symptoms were arthritis and respiratory symptoms in the ILD group, and myasthenia symptoms in the NILD group. Incidences of Raynaud's phenomenon, dry cough, expectoration, dyspnea on exertion, arthritis, fever, total globulin (GLOB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and anti-Jo-1 antibody rate were higher for ILD; however, albumin (ALB), creatine kinase aspartate aminotransferase activity ratio (CK/AST) and CK levels were significantly lower in the ILD group. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed age, dry cough, arthritis, dyspnea on exertion, anti-Jo-1 antibody, and elevated GLOB to be independent risk factors for ILD among patients with PM/DM. Advanced age, dry cough, arthritis, dyspnea on exertion, anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity, and elevated GLOB level are risk factors for PM/DM-ILD. This information could be utilized to carefully monitor changing lung function in these patients.

Anti-fatigue effect of ferulic acid in exercise trained mice

Ferulic acid (FA) was proved to have various pharmacological characteristics in muscle function. Fatigue is closely linked with muscle dysfunction. However, the correlation between fatigue and FA is unclear. Hence, our aim was to appraise anti-fatigue property of FA in exercise trained mice. Our results displayed FA enhanced exhaustion time and grip strength to postpone fatigue. In excessive exercise, FA reduced serum CK, LDH, ALT and AST levels to protect against liver and muscle damage. In liver and muscle, FA improved glycogen contents to increase substance of energy source. In skeletal muscle, FA restrained oxidative stress by accelerating SOD, CAT and GSH-PX activites, and mitigating MDA level. Moreover, FA also attenuated inflammatory response by decreasing TNF-a and IL-6 levels. Lastly, FA ameliorated energy metabolism by increasing Na+-K+-ATPase and SDH activities. In conclusion, FA protected against excessive exercise-fatigue through improvement of energy supply, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and energy metabolism-correlated enzymes.

Hypophosphatemia as a possible biomarker for epileptic seizures at the emergency department

IntroductionHypophosphatemia seems to be temporally associated with seizures, despite not being considered a trigger. We aimed to evaluate hypophosphatemia as a biomarker for seizures. MethodsRetrospective study, including all consecutive patients admitted at our central hospital's emergency department from 01/01–31/03/2021, screened as “altered consciousness/syncope” or “seizures”, with available phosphate levels. Results277 patients included, mostly male (61.7%), mean age 64.3 years. Final diagnosis was “seizure” in 34.7% and “other diagnosis” in 65.3%. Patients with seizures were younger (p<0.001), had more frequent epilepsy (p<0.001) and alcoholism (p=0.01). Patients with other diagnosis had more often renal failure (p<0.001) and statin (p=0.02) or diuretic (p=0.003) therapy. Time to blood collection (from the event and from admission) was similar between groups.Patients with seizures had lower mean phosphate levels and more frequent hypophosphatemia (<2.4mg/dL) (p<0.001). Mean CK levels were similar in both groups (p=0.25). HyperCK (>200U/L) was more frequent in the seizure group (p=0.04).Odds ratio (OR) of hypophosphatemia for seizures was 4.330 (CI 95% 2.170–8.640, p<0.001), persisting after correction for confounders.OR of hyperCK was 1.890 (CI 95% 1.060–3.371, p=0.03), losing significance when adjusted.Sensitivity was low for both. Hypophosphatemia was more specific (91.2% vs 79.9%). ConclusionsOur findings support hypophosphatemia as a seizure biomarker. More studies are needed.

Bradykinin receptor participates in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating iNOS signal pathway.

Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective and broad-spectrum anthracycline antibiotic, is widely used in the treatment of numerous malignancies. However, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity limits the clinical application of DOX, and the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we used the BK receptor B1/B2 double-knockout (B1B2 -/- ) mice to observe the role of BK receptor in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX and the underlying mechanisms. DOX induced myocardial injury with increased serum levels of AST, CK, and LDH, upregulated tissue expression of bradykinin B1/B2 receptor, FABP4 and iNOS, and downregulated expression of eNOS. However, these altered releases of myocardial enzyme and the expression level of iNOS were significantly prevented in the B1B2-/- mice. We concluded that the activation of both B1 and B2 receptors of BK were involved in the DOX-induced acute myocardial injury, possibly mediated through iNOS signaling pathways.

Potential combined effect of Spirulina platensis and Momordica charantia fruits on attenuation of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats: identification and prediction its mechanism

We established in vivo models of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) to determine the cardioprotective effect of Spirulina platensis (Spi), Momordica charantia fruit (MC) and their combination. MI was induced in six groups of Male Wistar albino with isoproterenol, and cardioprotection was evaluated by measuring SGOT, SGPT, LDH, CK, CK-MB with commercially available test kits and analyzing histopathology. Online PASS was used to predict the mechanism of action of a marker compound in Spi and MC. Rat serum levels of LDH, SGOT, CK-MB, and CK were significantly reduced by the Spi and MC combination extract (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The combination extract at a dose of 50:50 mg/kg body weight preserve the integrity of the myocardial cell membrane. Identified compounds by LC-MS/MS in the ethanol extract of Momordica charantia are (3β,16α-Dihydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid), Eclalbasaponin II, Epianhydrobelachinal, Epianhydrobelachinal, Paeonenolide F, Ziyu glycoside II. Identified compounds by LC-MS/MS in Spirulina platensis extract are d-Lirioferine, Lycopodine, Yuanhunine, Candidate Mass C18H26N2O5 and Candidate Mass C36H38N4O5. In PASS analysis, Phycocyanobilin’s cardioprotective mechanism of action is predicted to be kinase inhibitor, cytoprotectant, and platelet aggregation inhibitor, with Probable activities (Pa) of 0.06, 0.53, and 0.443, respectively. The Pa values for cholesterol antagonist, proliferative disease treatment, nitric oxide scavenger, and anti-inflammatory agents in Momordicoside A are respectively 0.841, 0.666, 0.59, and 0.55. These findings suggest that the cardioprotective activity of the combination of Spi and MC extracts at a dose of 50 mg/kg was synergistic.

CHANGES IN HEART TYPE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN (H-FABP) AND CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS DURING CHRONIC ARTERY DISEASES

In this study, changes in heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and certain biochemical parameters during chronic artery diseases were investigated.&#x0D; &#x0D; Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in our country,which is also true for the world in general as well. CAD generally develops on the foundations of atherosclerosis. In this study, blood samples collected from patients who applied to Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Dursun Odabaş Medical Center Emergency Department and Cardiology Polyclinics with acute ischemic chest pain between January 2019 and June 2019 were evaluated. Patients were not given any drugs or other kinds of substances before sample collection. Of the patients who applied to the cardiology clinic, 24 patients with acute ischemic chest pain were diagnosed with chronic arteritis, 12 patients with cardiological problems were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), 12 patients with hypertension (HT) problems and heart complaints, and 12 healthy individuals (who were not diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension or CAD) were included as research materials. &#x0D; &#x0D; Certain markers like Troponin, CK, CK-MB, AST, ALT, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDH, Glucose, and Creatinine in the blood samples were biochemically determined using an autoanalyzer (Abbott ci16200),while H-FABP values were determined using ELISA method. &#x0D; &#x0D; LDL-cholesterol levels were highest in the CAD group, HDL-Cholesterol and LDH levels were high in the CAD+HT group, while CK, CK-MB, cTnI, AST, Glucose, creatinine, and H-FABP levels were found to be high in the DM+CADgroup. Meanwhile, cTnI values were increased in people with HT or DM in addition to CAD, but there was no statistical significance. LDL-cholesterol changes also did not vary significantly between the groups. Intergroup changes in other parameters examined showed the importance of CK and Glucose levels at p≤ 0.001, AST p≤ 0.002, LDH p≤ 0.003, CK-MB p≤ 0.004, HDL-Cholesterol p≤ 0.049, Creatinine p≤ 0.011, and H-FABP p≤ 0.050. In recent years, H-FABP has taken its place in the field of cardiology with increasing importance in the diagnosis of CAD and MI. The findings obtained in this study show that the H-FABP level was increased in all patients examined (except the test group), and we recommend its use as a critical and useful parameter in the field of cardiology.

Irbesartan has a curative effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiotoxicity by antioxidant and antiapoptotic pathways

Introduction and ObjectiveLipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction, as well as death by causing sepsis. In this study, we investigated the effect of irbesartan (IRB), an angiotensin receptor antagonist, on cardiotoxicity caused by LPS. MethodsThe experiment involved 24 Wistar albino rats divided into three groups of eight: control, LPS (5 mg/kg), and LPS (5 mg/kg)+IRB (3 mg/kg). Parameters including total oxidative status, total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, and ischemia-modified albumin were measured to assess oxidative stress in heart tissues and serum. Serum CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels were measured spectrophotometrically. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2, BAX, p53, caspase-3, and sirtuin 1. Tissues taken from the heart and aorta were examined by immunohistochemistry and histopathology. ResultsWhile there was an increase in the parameters indicating heart damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the group given LPS, there was an improvement in all parameters and heart damage in the group treated with IRB. ConclusionAs a result of our study, we determined that IRB has an ameliorating effect on myocardial damage caused by oxidative stress and apoptosis developed by the LPS-induced sepsis model.

Effect of vitamin energy drinks on relieving exercise-induced fatigue in muscle group by ultrasonic bioimaging data analysis.

This work was aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin energy drink on muscle fatigue by surface electromyography (SEMG) and ultrasonic bioimaging (USBI). 20 healthy men were selected to do increasing load fatigue test. Surface electromyographic signals and ultrasonic biological images were collected based on wavelet threshold function with improved thresholds. Time domain and frequency domain characteristic integrated electromyography (IEMG), root mean square amplitude (RMS), average power frequency (MPF), and surface and deep muscle morphological changes were analyzed. Hemoglobin concentration (HB), red blood cell number (RBC), mean volume of red blood cell (MCV), blood lactic acid (BLA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and phosphocreatine kinase (CK) were measured. 1) the Accuracy (94.10%), Sensitivity (94.43%), Specificity (93.75%), and Precision (94.07%) of the long and short-term memory (LSTM) specificity for muscle fatigue recognition were higher than those of other models. 2) Compared with the control group, the levels of BLA, MDA, and CK in the experimental group were decreased and HB levels were increased after exercise (P < 0.05). 3) IEMG and RMS of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and increased with time (P < 0.05). 4) The mean amplitude of the response signal decreased with time. Compared with the control group, the surface muscle thickness, deep muscle thickness, total muscle thickness, contrast, and homogeneity (HOM) decreased in the experimental group; while the angular second moment (ASM) and contrast increased, showing great differences (P < 0.05). Surface electromyographic signal and ultrasonic biological image can be used as auxiliary monitoring techniques for muscle fatigue during exercise. Drinking vitamin energy drinks before exercise can relieve physical fatigue to a certain extent and promote the maintenance of muscle microstructure.

Shengxian decoction protects against chronic heart failure in a rat model via energy regulation mechanisms

BackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) is actually a disease caused by an imbalanced energy metabolism between myocardial energy demand and supply, ultimately resulting in abnormal myocardial cell structure and function. Energy metabolism imbalance plays an important role in the pathological process of chronic heart failure (CHF). Improving myocardial energy metabolism is a new strategy for the treatment of CHF. Shengxian decoction (SXT), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has good therapeutic effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the effects of SXT on the energy metabolism of CHF is unclear. In this study, we probed the regulating effects of SXT on energy metabolism in CHF rats using various research methods.MethodsHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to perform quality control of SXT preparations. Then, SD rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups: sham, model, positive control (trimetazidine) and high-, middle-, and low-dose SXT groups. Specific reagent kits were used to detect the expression levels of ALT and AST in rats’ serum. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function. H&E, Masson and TUNEL staining were performed to examine myocardial structure and myocardial apoptosis. Colorimetry was used to determine myocardial ATP levels in experimental rats. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of myocardial mitochondria. ELISA was used to estimate CK, cTnI, and NT-proBNP levels, and LA、FFA、MDA、SOD levels. Finally, Western blotting was used to examine the protein expression of CPT-1, GLUT4, AMPK, p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, mtTFA and ATP5D in the myocardium.ResultsHPLC showed that our SXT preparation method was feasible. The results of ALT and AST tests indicate that SXT has no side effect on the liver function of rats. Treatment with SXT improved cardiac function and ventricular remodelling and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress levels induced by CHF. Moreover, CHF caused decrease ATP synthesis, which was accompanied by a reduction in ATP 5D protein levels, damage to mitochondrial structure, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, and changes in the expression of PGC-1α related signal pathway proteins, all of which were significantly alleviated by treatment with SXT.ConclusionSXT reverses CHF-induced cardiac dysfunction and maintains the integrity of myocardial structure by regulating energy metabolism. The beneficial effect of SXT on energy metabolism may be related to regulating the expression of the PGC-1α signalling pathway.

Vitamin D3 supplementation could ameliorate the inflammatory and redox status in the muscular phase of trichinellosis.

Nutritional supplements, particularly vitamin D, have been widely used worldwide in the treatment of various infections, including parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the muscular phase of trichinellosis in experimental animals. Mice were divided as follows: (group I): infected untreated, (group IIa) infected and treated with vitamin D3 for 12 doses beginning 2weeks before infection and continuing after infection, (group IIb) infected and treated with vitamin D3 for 8 doses beginning on the same day of infection, (group III) normal control, (group IVa) which received vitamin D3 for 12 doses and (group IVb) which received vitamin D3 for 8 doses. Mice were sacrificed 35days after infection and total muscle larval count, and histopathological examination of muscle samples with immunohistochemical staining of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were performed. Muscle relative cathelicidin mRNA expression was assessed, as well as serum levels of muscle enzymes CK and LDH, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-17 and interferon-gamma (INF-γ). Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly reduced muscle larval count, inflammatory cellular infiltration, COX2 and iNOS expression. Furthermore, it increased cathelicidin gene expression, decreased serum levels of CK and LDH and affected serum cytokine levels, increasing serum IL-4 and IL10 levels while decreasing serum INF γ and IL-17. In conclusion, vitamin D3 supplementation has favorable outcomes on the muscle phase of trichinellosis, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects.

THE INFLUENCE OF CREATINE MONOHYDRATE ON THE INDICATORS OF SPEED ENDURANCE AND CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

The relevance of the research is to maintain an optimally high level of activity of energy supply systems for muscular work and special physical performance with the help of ergogenic means for football players in the process of competitive activity is an urgent problem in sports of the highest skill level. The aim of the research is to study the effect of multiple intake of creatine monohydrate for 28 days by football players at a dose of 0.1 g/kg of muscle mass on speed endurance and biochemical parameters after a test load. After passing bioimpedance measurement and calculating the doses and implementing them into the training system of football players, research results were obtained. Statistically significant difference in the test among football players from the Experimental Group indicates a clear improvement in the level of speed endurance. The obtained data of other indicators are also indicators for inclusion in the daily diet of taking this ergogenic agent. The reduction in lactate, creatinine, and CK levels after 4 weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation suggests that supplementation may also be effective in both increasing training volume and post-exercise recovery. Based on the data obtained, it was clearly shown how taking 28 days of creatine monohydrate at a dosage of 0.1 g / kg of muscle mass per day significantly increased performance in a test exercise (increase in the number of steps) by 8,29% and affected biochemical parameters after a test exercise, where creatinine values were lower by 3,50%, CK values by 7,20%, and lactate concentration after exercise decreased by an average of 18,00%.

Investigation of the biochemical and histopathological effects of vitamin C, selenium, and therapeutic ultrasound on muscle damage in rats.

Muscle injury is a common type of soft tissue injury. Increased oxidative damage has been reported after muscle injuries. Therapeutic ultrasound is commonly used for such injuries. This study compared the efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound treatment and various antioxidant agents in experimental muscle injuries. For this purpose, some serum enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were evaluated together with histopathological examinations. Six groups were formed with 6 male Wistar albino rats in each group. These groups were control, only injury (OI), ultrasound (U), vitamin C (Vit C), selenium (S), and mixture (M). Muscle injury was caused by a laceration of the gastrocnemius muscle in all groups except the control group. No treatment was performed in the OI group. At the end of the 6-day application, all rats were sacrificed. As for serum enzymes, CK, ALT, and AST levels returned to control values in almost all treatment groups. Total oxidative status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased in the OI group, while they decreased in the S and M groups. In addition, the decrease in MPO activity in the blood tissue of the Vit C group was statistically significant. There were no significant changes between groups in terms of serum inflammatory markers and histological findings. This study has shown that the ingestion of vitamin C and selenium may contribute to the treatment of muscle injury in addition to therapeutic ultrasound treatment. However, further studies are needed to support these results.