CK-BB In Serum Research Articles

Impact of REM sleep deprivation and sleep recovery on circulatory neuroinflammatory markers.

ObjectivesSleep loss may contribute to neuroinflammation, which might increase neuroinflammatory markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatine kinase-brain fraction (CK-BB), lactate dehydrogenase brain fraction (LDH-BB) in blood. Hence, we evaluated the effect of REM sleep deprivation and recovery on these markers.Material and MethodsTwenty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as control, environmental control, REM sleep deprivation, and 24 hour sleep recovery. The rats were sleep deprived for 72 hours and recovered for 24 hours. NSE, CK-BB, and LDH-BB levels in serum were measured using ELISA.ResultsThe serum NSE, CK-BB, and LDH-BB were significantly higher in 72 hour sleep deprived group compared to control (p<0.01). After 24 hours of sleep recovery, the levels of NSE, CK-BB, and LDH-BB were comparable to control (p>0.05).DiscussionREM sleep deprivation increased serum NSE, CK-BB, and LDH-BB, which might be due to neural damage. However, 24 hours of sleep recovery restored these markers.

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on children with cerebral palsy

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on children with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 68 children with cerebral palsy who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, 34 in each group. The control group was treated with Bobath therapy combined with Vojta therapy for rehabilitation training, while the observation group was treated with acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Modified Ashworth method was used to assess the muscular tension of lower limbs, the gross motor function scale was used to assess the gross motor function, and the Fugl-Meyer motor function evaluation method was used to evaluate the limb motor function of children. And the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and creatine kinase brain isoenzyme (CK-BB) were detected by ELISA. Results After treatment, the muscle tension score (1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.7 ± 0.4, t=4.108) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the GMFM score (55.7 ± 13.7 vs. 37.8±11.4, t=5.881) significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The serum VEGF (145.67 ± 19.78 ng/L vs. 171.35 ± 22.54 ng/L, t=4.993) in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). The levels of CK-BB (71.46 ± 17.62 U/L vs. 95.76 ± 19.65 U/L, t=5.368) in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 94.1% (32/34) in the observation group and 73.5% (25/34) in the control group. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=5.314, P=0.021). Conclusions Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training can improve the muscle tension and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy, reduce the levels of VEGF and CK-BB in serum of children with cerebral palsy, and improve the clinical effect. Key words: Cerebral palsy; Child; Body acupuncture; Points, scalp stimulation areas; Rehabilitation training; Limb function

Neuroprotection of mild brain hypothermia against cerebral ischemic injury

Objective To study the effect of mild brain hyothermia on cerebral ischemic injury. Methods Global cerebral ischemia was established by modified Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion model. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 group: a sham-operated group, a normothermia (37～38℃) ischemic group and a mild is-chemic hypothermia (31～32℃) group; the mild ischemic hypothermia was subdivided into 4 groups with the hypo-thermia lasting for 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 240 min, respectively. After 240 rain of reperfusion following 20 min cerebral ischemia, the levels of nitric oxide products nitrite (NO2) ,endothelin-1 (ET1) , tumor necrosis fac-tor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in brain tissue and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) , creatine kinase(CK) and its brain band isoenzyme (CK-BB) in plasma were measured. Results The levels of IL-1β,TNFα, ET1 and NO2. in brain tissue, and the amounts of LDH, AST, CK and CK-BB in serum were higher in normothermia ischemic group than those in sham-operated group (P 0.05). Con-clusion Mild brain hypothermia post-ischemia can significantly suppress the inflammation response in ischemic brain tissue and stabilize the function of cell membrane. The best neuroprotection of mild brain hypothermia must be carried out immediately and last for more than 60 minutes. Key words: Mild hypotherrnia ; Cerebral ischemia ; Rats ; Therapeutic window ;

Therapeutic effect of post-ischemic hypothermia duration on cerebral ischemic injury

Objective: To study the efficacy of post-ischemic mild brain hypothermia lasting for different time intervals on cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.Method: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group, normothermia (37–38° C) ischemia group and mild hypothermia (31–32° C) group. The last group was subdivided into four groups: 30 minute hypothermia plus 210 minute normothermia, 60 minute hypothermia plus 180 minute nomothermia,120 minute hypothermia plus 120 minute normothermia, and 240 minute hypothermia (n=8). Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model. Brain tissue was collected following a 20 minute cerebral ischemia and 240 minute reperfusion, and was used to measure the levels of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), glycine (Gly), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin(5-HT) and hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), nitrite (NO2), endothelin-1 (ET1), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Serum was collected to measure the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and its brain band isoenzyme (CK-BB).Results: Hypothermia lasting for 60–240 minutes delayed the decrease in these amino acids, postponed the decrease in DA, NE and 5-HT and increase in hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and decreased the levels of IL-1β, TNFα, ET1 and NO2 in brain tissue. Hypothermia also decreased the levels of LDH, AST, CK and CK-BB in serum as compared to normothermia group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Hypothermia lasting for 30 minutes delayed the decreases in these amino acids and 5-HT and increase in 5-HIAA in brain tissue (p<0.05), but failed to influence the levels of IL-1β, TNFα, ET1 and NO2 in brain tissue and the amounts of LDH, AST, CK and CK-BB in serum as compared to normothermia ischemia group (p>0.05).Conclusions: Post-ischemic mild brain hypothermia can significantly suppress the excessive release of amino acids, monoamine neurotransmitters and inflammation response in ischemic tissue. It can also stabilize the function of the cell membrane, which is associated with the mechanism of cerebral protection by mild hypothermia. These results suggest that mild hypothermia should be applied immediately after ischemia and last for more than 60 minutes in order to obtain neuroprotective effects.

Quantification of creatine kinase BB isoenzyme in tumor cytosols and serum with an ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric technique

Objectives: To develop a highly sensitive immunofluorometric procedure for creatine kinase BB isoenzyme and use it to measure CK-BB in tumor cytosolic extracts and serum of cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Design and Methods: For assay development, we used two monoclonal antibodies in combination with time-resolved fluorometry and the biotin-avidin system. We measured CK-BB in breast tumor cytosols and studied its association with steroid hormone receptors. We also measured CK-BB in the serum of healthy subjects and patients with prostate cancer. We have examined the molecular weight of CK-BB in serum using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The evaluation of the method revealed good precision and accuracy. Study of 336 breast tumor cytosols and 9 normal breast cytosols has shown that CK-BB is overexpressed by 95% of breast tumors and that CK-BB is present in its 80 kDa form. A close association between CK-BB and estrogen but not progesterone receptors was found, suggesting that CK-BB overexpression is another marker of estrogen sensitivity of these tumors. Previous studies, using CK-BB radioimmunoassay could not detect CK-BB in the serum of about 50% of healthy subjects. We have assessed CK-BB levels in 80 male volunteers, detected CK-BB in all sera and provided a detailed distribution of values. We further demonstrated that 30% of prostate cancer patients in remission (PSA < 0.4 μg/L) post radical prostatectomy and 50% of patients with active prostate cancer (PSA > 20 μg/L) have elevated serum CK-BB levels. The patients with highly elevated CK-BB also had highly elevated serum PSA. We have demonstrated that some patients who have elevated serum CK-BB also have macromolecular CK complexes in their serum with molecular weights of 700 and 350 kDa as well as the 80 kDa CK-BB isoenzyme. Only the latter was recognized by the assay developed. Conclusions: CK-BB is a marker of estrogen sensitivity in breast cancer; Patients with prostate cancer have elevated CK-BB in their serum; The new highly specific and sensitive assay may be further used to study the role of CK-BB in various malignancies.

Estimation of brain lesion size based on quantifying CK-BB in serum.

Estimation of brain lesion size based on quantifying CK-BB in serum.

Elevated CK-MB and CK-BB in serum and tumor homogenate of a patient with lung cancer

Elevated CK-MB and CK-BB in serum and tumor homogenate of a patient with lung cancer

Creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum from children--especially focusing on CK-BB.

In 161 children with ages ranging from 7 months to 18 years the concentration of CK-BB in serum was measurable in 58%. The activity in serum of CK-BB (cCK-BB(S] in children varies with age and is not significantly influenced by seizure, epilepsy or body temperature. The values are most elevated during the first year of life and show a rapid fall, never reaching adult levels. Comparing mean cCK-BB(S) values in children to growth charts the resemblance is striking. CK-BB is the only CK-isoenzyme that changes with age. We postulate that cCK-BB(S) is related to growth as a physiological phenomenon. CK-MB was found in serum in 7% of the children and could not be of cardiac origin. Therefore CK-MB cannot be regarded as cardiac specific in children.

A study of ECG abnormalities and myocardial specific enzymes in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Twenty-two patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage were investigated for changes in myoglobin, total CK, CK-MB and CK-BB in serum and for the incidence of ECG abnormalities. Serial ECG's showed abnormalities in 20 patients; 15 of these had T wave changes, 15 Q-Tc prolongation, ten had S-T depression and nine U waves and in seven cases arrhythmias were found. The purpose of the study was to find out whether a relationship could be established between the ECG abnormalities and changes in serum myoglobin and enzymes. However, in no patient could myoglobin or enzyme patterns consistent with acute myocardial or cerebral damage be observed and therefore the ECG abnormalities do not seem to be related to detectable myocardial damage.

Studies on the change of electrophoretic mobility and the decay of catalytic activity of brain-type creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) following incubation at 37 °C

Incubation of CK-BB in serum (1:3, v/v) at 37°C for 3 h caused a change of its electrophoretic mobility and decay of its catalytic activity. Similar effects were observed following incubation in water. Incubation in saline somehow preserved the electrophoretic mobility but not the catalytic activity. No effect was noted when incubated at 4°C for 3 h. Further study on the rate of decay revealed that the decay in albumin solution (1:50, v/v) is quite similar to that in serum. More dramatic decay was noted when incubated in water and less when incubated in saline. It was further shown that the higher the incubation temperature (4°C, 25°C or 37°C) the faster the decay. The rate of decay of CK-MM was much slower in all conditions of incubation. Determination of isoenzyme activities by means of an immunoprecipitation method again demonstrated that CK-BB lost a great deal of its catalytic activity following incubation at 37°C for 1 h, and hence falsification of the isoenzyme pattern.

Brain-typical creatinekinase in the serum of newborn infants with perinatal brain damage.

The normal values of serum-CK-activity in healthy newborns varied greatly (95% range: 4--165 U/l; 257 probands) and the borderline to pathological values was not sharp. Brain-typical CK-isoenzyme (CK-BB) could be detected in serum of 6 of 8 infants with perinatal brain damage by means of agar gel electrophoresis. The combination of neuropathological symptoms, increased total-serum-CK-activity, and significant amount of CK-BB in serum seemed to be a sure sign of severe CNS-damage in newborns.