Civilization Research Articles

The place and role of Chinese themes in Russian literature of the XIX – early XX centuries

The article presents the artistic perception of Chinese culture in the Russian literature of the XIX – early XX centuries. The author sets out to show a generalized image of China in the works of Russian prose writers and poets in a given historical period of time. The relevance of the research lies in the increased interest of modern linguistic science in the problems of intercultural dialogue. It is noted that the study of Chinese subjects in Russian literature is of indisputable interest for understanding the peculiarities of intercultural communication between Russia and China. The multifaceted Chinese culture is revealed through the eyes of Russian writers of the past centuries, who were attracted by Chinese images, plots, and motives. The history of Russian-Chinese relations is traced in the mirror of advanced Russian culture of the XIX – early XX centuries. The tendency to understand China as a unique civilization distinct from the European one, which had already emerged at that time, stands out. It is stated that the substantial development of ideas about China in Russian literature, at the time interval of interest to the researcher, is directly related to the emerging socio-political situation in the Russian Empire, the emergence of alternatives, both in terms of determining the further vector of social development, taking into account the problem of "West – Russia – East", i.e. the emerging situation of internal choice, self–determination and awareness by the ruling circles of the urgent need to work out a further path for the development of Russian statehood, taking into account the borrowing, on the one hand, of the Western, on the other – of the eastern model. This, in the author's opinion, explains the interest of representatives of Russian literature in the culture of the East, spiritual and moral values, philosophical reflections on the nature of goodness and justice, which had a centuries-old tradition in China.

Comparison of Educational Development Trends in Ukraine and the World

The article examines the trends in the development of the educational system in recent years in Ukraine and the world in the context of neuropedagogy. Particular attention is paid to the factors that have influenced the strengthening of the role of education in the world, in particular, the strengthening of the state's interest in financing education. The article updates the inextricable connection between the country's economy and the level and quality of education. The author points out the advantages of education support systems in some advanced countries of the world, which can be used as a model experience for domestic educational reform, in particular due to the use of neuropedagogy. The most important trends in the development of education in the world educational space are analyzed. The author notes that the quarter-century experience of the 21st century civilization determines a number of trends according to which it should develop in the future. Among them, for example, the transition of most nations and cultures to market relations is leading in the economy; in politics - to democracy; in social communication - to tolerance; in the general organization of life activities - to an open society and models of sustainable human development, etc. Because education (and science), which prepares a person for independent life, shapes his view on the future development of civilization.

Был ли Сталин пламенным революционером, или «Творческий ответ» вождя в ракурсе противостояния цивилизаций

This publication is a fragment of a planned, extensive and not yet fully published study on the destiny of Russia as a unique civilization. The focus of the study is on the biographies of famous people whose activities have left a significant mark on the history of Russia, including politicians, scientists and artists. The book examines the biographies of F. Dostoevsky, M. Gorky, A. Solzhenitsyn, I. Stalin, L. Gumilev, A. Tarkovsky, and others. The fragment of the manuscript published in this issue of the journal examines the activities of Stalin. The peculiarity of Stalin's activity is usually associated exclusively with the history of revolution, collectivization, modernization, etc., i. e. it is considered within the boundaries of the national political history and the named processes. The attention of those writing about Stalin is entirely determined by the Russian revolution of 1917 as one of the most significant events of the twentieth century and its consequences that determine the construction of a new society and state. However, there is a need – and it arises precisely in the first decades of the 21st century – to try to understand the leader's activity at the level of the problem identified by S. Huntington in the title of one of his books, i. e. as “the clash of civilizations”. In other words, the leader's activity can be viewed not in the context of the history of the revolution and the history of the Soviet state with their inherent positive and negative manifestations, but in the context of history as the history of civilizations, i. e. in the paradigm set by historians such as, for example, A. Toynbee. The conclusions and conclusions made by the author in this article are not taken in order to divert from Stalin all the criticism against him that has taken place since the era of the thaw and the subsequent thaw – perestroika. But this does not negate the significance of the creative response given by the leader to those Challenges that could have been dramatic for Russian civilization at that time. However, by giving such a “creative response” at that time, the leader did not solve the questions for the rest of his life at all. That time has passed, and Russia is again facing Challenges. It is up to us to give new creative responses to them, and we would like them to be correct.

Studies on Performance of Bt Cotton Hybrids against Jassids (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida) During Summer Season

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L) is indeed a significant cash crop grown in three agro-climatic zones of India. The Indian subcontinent is considered the birthplace of cotton, and it has been a crucial part of human civilization for centuries. It is renowned as the most important natural fibre or vegetable wool and has been cultivated for both domestic consumption and export purpose for proximately 111 countries worldwide. Cotton is a vital crop that plays a significant role in the global economy. It provides livelihoods for over 250 million people worldwide and accounts for nearly 7% of the labour force in developing countries. The field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Telangana during summer 2022-23. A Total of 8 Bt cotton hybrids were evaluated against jassids of cotton under unprotected conditions. Lowest population of jassids were recorded in hybrid NCS-2778 (3.76 jassids per 3 leaves), followed by RCH-659 (5.41 jassids), PRADEEP (6.27 jassids), MOKSHA (6.45jassids per 3 leaves). The highest population of jassids were recorded in JADHU (9.91 jassids) and MONEY MAKER (7.70 jassids).

The neuropsychological mechanism in loci memory using 7T fMRI

Memory has been a preoccupation of human civilization for centuries, and people have been searching for ways to increase its capacity and special memorisation methods tend to get more attention. Though efficient memory methods have always been a goal pursued by humans, the physiological nature still demands proper explanation. In this paper, a memory method called loci memorize is explored in the hope of obtaining a comparison of the level of activity in a particular region. This work utilized a 7T fMRI with a high resolution to unlock the neurological activity during quick memory of unordered numbers in eleven right-handed memory athletes. By designing a specific numerical memory task and initiating the task in two different groups of people, the coordinates of activated brain regions were located by analysing the degree of activity, with reference to the corresponding recall data. Results showed that brain activations associated with the loci memory were found in the middle cingulate, left precuneus, left supramarginal gyrus, left insula, left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle occipital, and right superior parietal lobule. These brain regions were more active in the group using loci memorise compared to that not using loci memorise under the same memory task. The preference for loci memory provides a possibility for the memory improvement. The work can be a reference of studying the memory mechanism in the neuropsychological science.

Assessing the Vulnerability of the Betawi Language: A Multidisciplinary Approach toward Preservation amidst Rapid Urbanization

The Betawi language, which is the indigenous language of the original inhabitants of Jakarta, is currently in a precarious state due to rapid advancements and changes within the city's social and cultural landscape. This creates an urgent need for robust and effective strategies to conserve this linguistic heritage. The concern is rooted in the fear that the extinction of the Betawi language would result in the failure to transmit valuable Betawi traditions, technology, cultural norms, and customs to subsequent generations. Such a loss would signify the decay of a rich and unique civilization. This study is designed to assess the current health and vitality of the Betawi language, drawing upon the disciplines of Social Semiotics, Demography, and Sociology for its methodological framework. Rather than relying exclusively on quantitative data, this research employs a qualitative approach to capture the subtleties, nuances, and specific preferences related to the language's use and significance. The study's findings point out that the Betawi language is in an even more vulnerable state now than it has been in the past, and this decline has severe ramifications for the Betawi community. Despite these challenges, educational interventions show promise to aid in the preservation of the language. Going forward, it is imperative to develop a well-rounded strategy for the preservation of the Betawi language that involves collaboration from a variety of stakeholders across different sectors

DIMENSION OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIAN IDENTITY OF THE PAST AND PRESENT

Based on the specificity of political science, which requires placing power as the central category of politics and the political system when analyzing various social phenomena and processes, the author of the article presents their vision of Russian identity in the past and present. The aim of the study is to determine the main stages of the formation of Russian identity and reveal its specific features, reflecting the specificity of state power and the political system of the country as a unique civilization model of human development. Research Methods: The nature of this work is based on the use of systemic, functional, value-oriented, historical, and some other methods of political analysis, representing a harmonious combination of their general scientific and specific fundamental directions. Research Findings. In the course of the analysis conducted, the author arrived at several conclusions. According to them, at the state level, Russian identity had a completely sovereign character in two cases. The first instance was related to Moscow’s refusal to submit to the resolutions of the Florence Union Council, which preserved Russia as the only Orthodox state until Peter the Great. The second time our country became a civilization-state was in October 1917. The collapse of the Soviet Union positioned Russia as a peripheral element within the framework of the North Atlantic civilization and contributed to the establishment of a regime of “neo-Bonapartism” on its territory.

Mutual scientific trips between scholars of Basra and Yemen

The importance of scientific trips between Islamic countries lies in the fact that they represent a manifestation of civilization and intellectual sophistication.
 The exchanged trips of scholars between the scholars of Basra and Yemen contributed to the deepening of scientific ties between the two countries, and given their distinguished scientific weight and their leading intellectual role in Islamic civilization for many centuries

Functional Fiber Materials to Smart Fiber Devices.

The development of fiber materials has accompanied the evolution of human civilization for centuries. Recent advances in materials science and chemistry offered fibers new applications with various functions, including energy harvesting, energy storing, displaying, health monitoring and treating, and computing. The unique one-dimensional shape of fiber devices endows them advantages to work as human-interfaced electronics due to the small size, lightweight, flexibility, and feasibility for integration into large-scale textile systems. In this review, we first present a discussion of the basics of fiber materials and the design principles of fiber devices, followed by a comprehensive analysis on recently developed fiber devices. Finally, we provide the current challenges facing this field and give an outlook on future research directions. With novel fiber devices and new applications continuing to be discovered after two decades of research, we envision that new fiber devices could have an important impact on our life in the near future.

Mâverâünnehir'in İslâmlaşma Süreci

Bugün önemli bir kısmı Özbekistan Cumhuriyeti sınırları içinde yer alan coğrafya, IX. yüzyıldan itibaren kaynaklarda Mâverâünnehir olarak zikredilmektedir. Bu coğrafya, ilim-kültür ve sanata hayat veren, fikrî akımlara ev sahipliği yapan özel bir bölgenin adıdır. Asırlar boyunca İslâm bilim-düşünce tarihine yön veren ve İslâm medeniyetinin gelişimine katkı sağlayan sayısız bilim insanı yetiştirmiş olan bu bölge; tarih-kültür ve evrensel değerlerin buluştuğu ayrıcalıklı niteliklere sahip bir coğrafyadır. Buhara, Semerkant, Tirmiz, Taşkent ve Fergana gibi şehirler, birer ilim merkezi olmuştur. Öte yandan bu şehirler fikrî, felsefî ve dinî akımların doğduğu ve birçok ekollerin oluştuğu şehirlerdir. Önemli bir kısmı günü-müze kadar ulaşan; Tıp, Dil, Edebiyat, Felsefe, Kelâm, Tefsir ve Hadis gibi farklı alanlarla ilgili çok önemli eserler yine bu coğrafyada kaleme alınmıştır. VII. Yüzyılın ortalarında bölge insanının İslâmiyet hakkında dolaylı da olsa bilgi sahibi olduğu var sayılmaktadır. Henüz İslâm orduları tarafından bölgenin fethi gerçekleştirilmeden buralara seyahat eden Müslüman tacirlerin, İlim adamlarının ve manevî rehberler olarak bilinen gönül adamlarının Müslümanlığın yayılmasındaki rolü ve etkisi araştırılacak olup mevcut tartışmaların da bu çalışmada analiz edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Mâverâünnehir’de İslâmlaşma sürecinin başlangıçtan itibaren nasıl geliştiği değerlendirilecek ve bir dönemlendirme yapılacak olsa hangi olayların hangi devletlerin ya da hangi şahsiyetlerin faaliyetlerinin esas alınacağı belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır. Türklerin Müslümanlarla ilk temasının Emeviler döneminde Nihavend Savaşı (21/642) sonrası olduğu bilinmektedir. Müslüman Arapların Mâverâünnehir’de Türklerle ilk karşılaşması ise 644 yılında olmuştur. Bu tarih esas alınacak olursa bölgedeki İslâmlaşma sürecinin ilk yüzyılda resmen tamamlandığı söylene-bilir. Ancak tüm Türkistan dikkate alındığında sürecin üç yüzyıl sonra tamamlandığını belirtmek gerektir. Özellikle Mâverâünnehir’de Müslümanlar ile bölge sakinleri arasında sürdürülen güç mücadelesi nedeniyle, şehirler sık sık el değiştirmiş ve tahrip edilmişti. Yaklaşık yüz yıl bölgede temin edilemeyen istikrarın İslamlaşma sürecini etkilediği muhakkaktır. Ancak İslâmlaşma çalışmalarında belli dönemlerde bir yavaşlamadan söz edilse de inkıtaya uğramadan sürdürüldüğü de belirtilmelidir. Bu çalışmada ilk temasla birlikte yaklaşık bir asırlık İslâmlaşma süreci değerlendirilecektir.

ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИОННЫЙ СТАТУС КАВКАЗА: ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОДХОДОВ

The relevance of the civilizational approach to the consideration of the Caucasus is due to the need to study it as a subject capable of countering the processes of entropy, providing protection from innovations that threaten the integral identity of ethnic groups. A separate group of scientists, highly appreciating the centuries–old unique cultural heritage of the Caucasian peoples, comes to the conclusion that the Caucasus is, first of all, a contact zone between the West and the East, and not an independent civilizational phenomenon. This position has found its consolidation in the works of L. N. Gumilyov, V. V. Chernous and others. The second group of scientists expresses the opinion that the interaction and interpenetration of ethnic groups served to the emergence and development of the distinctive Caucasian civilization. Despite the differences of the peoples of the Caucasus, they are characterized by a significant similarity of historical and cultural features that allow us to consider the Caucasus as a unique cultural and historical civilization. This position is held by such researchers as R. G. Abdulatipov, B. H. Bgazhnokov, V. E. Davidovich, K. F. Dzamikhov, T. U. Ktsoeva, A. A. Magomedov, G. H. Mambetov, S. H. Mafedzev, K. H. Unezhev, etc. The article considers the argumentation of the authors of both approaches. In addition, the main elements of civilizational identity – mentality, locality and globality – are considered in relation to the Caucasian Civilization

A Solution Management in Handling Economic Inequality Among Agrarian Communities

Agriculture has been an inherent part of human civilization for centuries. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between agricultural production and agricultural community income. The pattern of their relationship followed the dynamics of the Lotka-Volterra model. Two of the six critical phenomena that might occur: first, if the farmer's crop were abundant, the farmers' income would increase rapidly; second, if the farmers' yields decreased, the farmer's income would automatically decrease. Low and unstable farmer income could lead to poor productivity and low economic growth. Thus, monitoring and early warning were essential to effectively prevent possible negative impacts on agricultural product production, consumption, and changes in market prices. Sustainable agricultural systems included maintenance or enhancement of environmental natural resources, food supply, and social welfare. In brief, good agricultural management could maintain the balance of the ecosystem, contribute to the economy continuously, and increase agrarian communities' economic resilience. Keywords: agrarian community; ecosystem; harvest cycle; income; Lotka-Volterra

THE PLACE AND ROLE OF YRYM IN THE FORMATION OF THE CULTURAL CODE OF THE KAZAKHS

If we consider the Kazakh custom as an unwritten law of the steppe, then superstition is one of the points of this law, that is, the main means of education. In the article, the authors analyzed the superstitions of the Kazakh people, which, from the accumulated experience for years associated with the Oriental life, natural phenomena, stopped with ritual rituals. These are Kazakh rituals originating from beliefs and sorted by life description in the context of modern civilizational processes emanating from ritual rituals. In addition, the article makes deep horizons of the views of swollen and foreign researchers of superstition concerning the upbringing of children, the rejection of other people’s podvechek, the preliminary revival of lofty risks. Kazakh superstitions are interested in a special place in the formation of a unique civilization, which is absorbed by the cultures of the world. Therefore, today it is important to systematize the superstitions that make up the code of Kazakh culture.

The Civil War and Russian Society: Relapses of Confrontation and Stages of National Reconciliation (To the 100th Anniversary of the End of the Russian Civil War)

This article examines the consequences of the Civil War, that had an impact on the life and functioning of the political system of Soviet society, as well as modern Russia. In the citizenries mass mind complex and contradictory processes are still going on. It indicates that the social split has not been completely overcome. Despite the large number of works devoted to the issues of the Civil War, it is not paid enough attention to the political, moral and mental consequences of the Civil War. This circumstance significantly hinders the process of national reconciliation on the most important issues of the country’s past and hinders the formation of socio-political unity of Russian society. The authors substantiate the need for a consolidated view of the Russian nation on the events of the Civil War, based on the absolute priority of the self-value of Russian statehood as the main form of survival of the people and the special mission of the unique Russian civilization in a multipolar world. In modern Russian society there is an extremely acute need to form a stable rejection of violent ways to resolve social problems and contradictions, radical methods of transforming various spheres of public life. The creation of an effective state-legal mechanism based on the development of a national consensus may prevent the repetition of such tragedies in the future of our country.

ARCHITECTURE OF MUSLIM MOSQUES IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the historical prerequisites for the penetration of Islam into the territory of Ukraine and the formation of Islamic architecture.
 It was revealed that the geographical position of Ukraine contributed to the emergence of Muslims in Ukrainian lands, especially in the south, on the border of two great civilizations – Christian and Muslim. At the same time, Islam in Ukraine played a significant ethno-forming role in the life of the Turkic peoples.
 Evidence of the permanent presence of Muslims in Kievan Rus dates back to the 11th century, when the Pecheneg Muslim cavalry was in the service of the Kievan prince. The second period is defined as a military-colonization period, which refers to the settlement in a permanent place of the peoples who professed Islam, as well as the colonial policy of the Ottoman Empire in the Northern Black Sea region and Transnistria. The Crimean peninsula became the main area for the spread of Islam in the lands that became part of independent Ukraine, where a unique Muslim civilization was born and strengthened.
 With the development of migration processes, the need arose for the construction of Muslim mosques on the territory of Ukraine. And if in the XVI-XVII century. mosques were built of wood, then starting from the 19th century. - stone and brick. The first mosque in Ukraine appeared in the XVI-XVII centuries. in the city of Ostrog in Volhynia in the Tatar suburb, built by Prince K. Ostrozhsky, which has not survived. From the beginning of the nineteenth century Mosques were built in the cities of Ukraine (Kyiv, Kharkiv), and the modern history of Islam and Muslims of Ukraine begins with the acquisition of Independence. So, in 1998-2000 the prayer-Muslim complex was built in Kyiv and the Arab cultural center in Odessa (2000). In addition, Muslim mosques have been built and are being designed in Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhye, Mykolaiv, Kherson regions, as well as in the cities of Kyiv, Odessa, Donetsk, etc.
 In order to perceive a renewed direction in the architecture of public buildings, lost in Soviet times - sacred architecture, including Muslim architecture, Muslim architecture is being formed. It is determined that the modern architecture of mosques is created on the basis of the synthesis of traditionalism and the modern creative nature of the architectural method of designing a three-dimensional image of an Islamic shrine.

Якісна клінічна практика стартової інтенсивної терапії при бойовій і цивільній політравмі (огляд літератури)

В огляді літератури наведено сучасні погляди щодо стартової інтенсивної терапії при політравмі. Обґрунтовано важливість визначення факторів ризику і превалюючих травматичних пошкоджень для вибору складу і обсягу інфузії залежно від особливостей клінічної ситуації (черепно-мозкова травма, проникаюча/тупа травма, триваюча кровотеча, компартмент-синдром). Показана необхідність використання протоколу масивного крововідновлення при масивній крововтраті з прогнозуванням передбачуваної крововтрати, оцінкою ризику і вираженості коагулопатії. Акцентовано увагу на необхідності забезпечення раннього введення продуктів крові в співвідношенні еритроцитів : свіжозамороженої плазми : тромбоцитів, рівному 1 : 1 : 1 або 1 : 1 : 2. Описано переваги, недоліки та потенційні ризики використання різних кристалоїдних і колоїдних плазмозамінників. Ключове завдання інфузійної терапії — забезпечення перфузії тканин, адекватної доставки і споживання кисню з урахуванням небезпек як гіповолемії, так і надмірної гемодилюції, тканинних набряків і дисфункції органів. Збалансовані кристалоїдні розчини рекомендовані як препарати вибору, а синтетичні колоїди можуть знадобитись для підтримки життєзабезпечення при тривалому транспортуванні в стаціонар і відсутності продуктів крові. Наведено стратегічні завдання, цільові кінцеві точки і рекомендований моніторинг при інфузійній терапії у пацієнтів із політравмою. Оцінку гемокоагуляції необхідно проводити доступними методами (протромбіновий індекс, активований частковий тромбопластиновий час, міжнародне нормалізоване співвідношення, фібриноген, тромбоцити) з перевагою для тромбоеластографічного аналізу. Ультразвукові методи оцінки функції серцево-судинної системи (серцевий викид) у режимі реального часу рекомендовано співвідносити з іншими клінічними параметрами. Переважно рекомендоване поєднання динамічної оцінки аортального потоку зі змінами тесту пасивного підйому ніг. При відсутності ультразвукового дослідження повинні бути використані доступні динамічні параметри, такі як тест пасивного підйому ніг, хоча вони можуть мати обмежену користь в екстреній ситуації. При неможливості використання ультразвукового дослідження або тесту пасивного підйому ніг можна використовувати інші динамічні маркери, хоча вони можуть бути непрактичними в екстреній ситуації. Оцінка реакції пацієнта на повторні болюси внутрішньовенної рідини (100–250 мл) може бути використана з обережністю щодо ризику перевантаження рідиною. Наведено особливі клінічні ситуації (діти, літні пацієнти, вагітні, опікова травма, рабдоміоліз), а також окремі питання damage control surgery і її роль при тяжкій політравмі.

Spiritual Heritage as the Basis of Russian Civilizational Identity

This article examines psychohistorical and ideological aspects of origin, formation and transformation of the system of spiritual and value orientations and ideals that form the basis of the socio-cultural code of Russian unique civilization in the rapidly changing world. The article is devoted to the analysis of a national system of basic moral values of Russia and the Russians, that has been formed over millennia, which, despite all the conflicts in history has stood the test of time, although it has un-
 dergone serious deformations. In the course of comparative-historical comparative analysis concerning the history of Russian unique civilization formation, the article reveals features of Russian spirituality further development.
 The circumstances of the modern period make it vital to preserve the national historical heritage, strengthen spiritual foundations, protect the Russian language and literature from decay, preserve the people’s identity «matrix», a cultural code of our civilization, the system of life-affirming ideals and values laid down by our ancestors millenniums ago. As a result, they have adapted it to the changing conditions of life.

Pauli Murray: A Personal and Political Life

When trying to make sense of the twentieth century—civil rights, feminism, religion, literature, law, sexuality, and more—all roads lead to Pauli Murray. Her pathbreaking role in multiple movements for social change has made her an attractive subject for biographers and historians, most recently Rosalind Rosenberg, Patricia Bell-Scott, and Glenda Gilmore. Troy R. Saxby enters this historiographical terrain by staking out his own claim: to look at the “complicated personality behind the achievements” and “to describe as fully as possible her lived experience” (p. xiv). Wary of imposing a coherent narrative, triumphant or otherwise, on her often messy and complicated life, he aims to give as much attention to what she felt as to what she did. Of course, this juggling act between the personal and the political is central to the biographer's craft. What is special or distinctive about Saxby's intervention? The events in Murray's life do not change in...

Simplification of Internet Services in the Knowledge Society

For several years, observable are processes of simplifying IT systems and collectivization of network services. An example is the simplification of Linux operating system, which in first versions from clumsy, based on the command line and virtually devoid of the graphical elements evolved towards an open and user friendly operating system. The same applies to the posting of data on the Internet – work in cloud computing, building web pages. In addition, it is difficult not to agree with the fact that information is now one of the key consumer goods, and dynamic scientific and technological development in the twenty-first century civilization fosters referred to as a knowledge society. These considerations seem to indicate an increase simplification of communication systems and collective web services with the idea of the knowledge society. Undoubtedly, this issue deserves deeper consideration, and this article is a contribution to reflect on the issue of dissemination and simplify the network in the perspective of the knowledge society.

Educational System and Institutions in Persian Civilization: An Historical Description and its Impacts on Present Iran

Persian civilization had its rich culture since the pre-Islamic era. It left its impacts on those areas where the Persian language had adopted like contemporary India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Tajikistan, and the Central Asian States. Its pre and post-Islamic educational system-generated hundreds of scholars which are well-nominated all over the world along with their inventions, philosophies, literature, and poetry. This article highlights an educational system in the Persian civilization since 2500 BC. Educational institutions before the conquest of Islam and post-Islamic changing patterns in it are going to be discussed in this article. There is also a focus upon educational institutions in modern Iran before the Islamic Revolution of 1979 that became the reason for the end of Pehlavi dynasty. Its hypothesis is that the present socio-economic and political development in Iran is a reason to strengthen the educational system that is protecting Persian civilization for centuries. The research is based on theoretically and historically descriptive, analytical, comparative, and qualitative and methods. The data is collected from books, research journals, newspapers, internet interviews, results of different dissertations, and personal visits to Iran in which attending several seminars, workshops, and training classes including visiting several universities and Research Centers in Qom and Tehran