Civilian Systems Research Articles

Military Medical Role in Civilian Disaster

US military medical units have responded to natural disasters (eg, hurricanes, earthquakes), relieved overwhelmed civilian health care systems (eg, during the COVID-19 pandemic), and provided support to stabilization efforts after civil unrest. The military will continue to assist civilian agencies with future medical response to similar disasters, contagious outbreaks, or even terrorist attacks. The keys to an effective disaster response are unity of effort, prior coordination, and iterative practice during military-civilian exercises to identify strengths and areas of improvement. Critical care advanced practice nurses are likely to work concurrently with military medical colleagues in multiple scenarios in the future; therefore, it is important for these nurses to understand the capacities and limitations of military medical assets. This article describes the capabilities and collaboration needed between civilian and military medical assets during a variety of disaster scenarios.

Friend-or-Foe Recognition Algorithm Development for the Corresponding Software Building

The year 2022 showed an urgent need to improve the existing systems for recognizing objects in the aerial space, which is caused by the significant increase in the number of technical means (especially unmanned aerial vehicles) on the battlefield. Such a sharp increase in the number of objects that simultaneously take part in combat operations in the air requires the improvement of military object recognition systems, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This requires the development of appropriate new generation Friend-or-Foe algorithms for the objects’ recognition. The main requirements for recognition systems of aerial objects of civil application were determined. They includes: maximum com- patibility; support for a large number of objects; outdated recognition complexes support; support for alternative ways of recognition; support for alternative data entry methods; determining the coordinates of aerial objects in an emergency situation. Friend-or-foe recognition systems for military applications are also considered. In contrast to civilian systems, the following basic requirements have been identified for them: 1) Maximum speed of the recognition process. 2) Protection against false positives. 3) Protection against legitimate aerial object imitation. 4) Support for a large number of objects. 5) Protection against cases of loss of a legitimate aerial object. 6) Rotation of the secret part. 7) Protection against false-negative results to prevent friendly fire. 8) Protection against man-in-the-middle attacks. 9) Flexible integration with the NATO block recognition system. 10) Availability of opportunities for purely domestic production and support of the object recognition system. 11) Protection against electronic warfare means. 12) Support for several recognition modes. 13) Automatic blocking of the launch of ground-to-air and air-to-air weapons against objects that confirm their legitimacy by a correct response to a request. 14) Determining the coordinates of aerial objects in an emergency. Based on the formulated requirements, a new friend-or-foe algorithm for the state identification system for military use is proposed, built based on the state standards, and taking into account the features of its software implementation in order to increase speed. Its implementation will ensure sufficient scalability, stability, reliability, and multi-level recognition.

Military and Civilian Trauma System Integration: A Global Case Series

IntroductionTraumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity globally, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In high-income countries (HICs), it is well documented that military and civilian integration can positively impact trauma care in both healthcare systems, but it is unknown if this synergy could benefit LMICs. This case series examines the variety of integration between the civilian and military systems of various countries and international partnerships to elucidate if there are commonalities in facilitators and barriers. MethodsA convenience sampling method was utilized to identify subject matter experts on civilian and military trauma system integration. Data were collected and coded through an iterative process, focusing on the historical impetuses and subsequent outcomes of civilian and military trauma care collaboration. ResultsEight total case studies were completed, five addressing specific countries and three addressing international partnerships. Themes which emerged as drivers for integration included history of conflict, geography, and skill maintenance for military physicians. High-level government support was a central theme for successful integration, and financial issues were often seen as the greatest barrier. ConclusionsVarious approaches in civilian-military integration exist throughout the world, and the studied nations and international partnerships demonstrated similar motivators and barriers to integration. This study highlights the need for further investigation, particularly in LMICs, where less is known about integration strategies.

Military Medical Provider Perspectives During the New York COVID-19 Response.

The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in New York City (NYC) included unprecedented support from the DoD-a response limited primarily to medical and public health response on domestic soil with intact infrastructure. This study seeks to identify the common perspectives, experiences, and challenges of DoD personnel participating in this historic response. This is a phenomenological qualitative study of 16 military health care providers who deployed to NYC in March 2020. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the USU (No. DBS.2020.123). All participants served on either the United States Naval Ship Comfort or at the Javits Center. We conducted semi-structured interviews exploring the participants' experiences while deployed to NYC. These interview scripts were then independently coded by five research team members. We identified four common themes and 12 subthemes from the participants' responses. The themes (subthemes) were lack of preparation (unfamiliar mission and inadequate resources); confusion about integration with civilian health care (widespread, dynamic situation, and NYC overwhelmed), communication challenges (overall, misunderstanding and miscommunication resulting in tension, and patient handoffs); and adaptation and success (general, military-civilian liaison service, positive experience, and military support necessity). This study provides unique insight into the DoD's initial response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in NYC. Using this experiential feedback from the DoD's pandemic responders could aid planners in improving the rapidity, effectiveness, and safety of military and civilian health care system integrations that may arise in the future.

TriService Nursing Research Program: A critical component to support military nursing science

TriService Nursing Research Program: A critical component to support military nursing science

Congress Reforms Military Sentencing, Creating an Opportunity for a Productive Sentencing Reform Dialogue Between the Military and Civilian Criminal Justice Systems

In recently-enacted legislation, Congress drew upon the 35-year experience with sentencing reform in the federal civilian criminal courts to reform significant aspects of the sentencing process in the military justice system. The article reviews the sentencing reform provisions contained in the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2022 and the Military Justice Act of 2016, which address many of the core elements of sentencing, including: (1) the principles governing sentencing in courts-martial; (2) the use of sentencing “parameters” and “criteria” in the adjudication of sentences by general and special courts-martial; (3) the role of the military judge in the adjudication of sentences; (4) consideration of plea agreements at the trial level; (5) appellate review of sentences; (6) clemency and related actions on the sentence, and more. After summarizing the history of military and civilian sentencing, the article reviews the newly-enacted military justice sentencing provisions, comparing them to the relevant provisions in the federal civilian sentencing system that were enacted as part of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 and subsequent legislation, and implemented by the U.S. Sentencing Commission. Although some of these newly-enacted reforms mirror similar elements of the federal civilian sentencing system, others follow a different approach, reflecting a decision by Congress to adapt rather than simply adopt current civilian practices. As Congress, the Administration, and a new Sentencing Commission focus on criminal justice reform, including possible changes to civilian sentencing law and policy, the recent reforms in military justice sentencing provide an important source of insights worthy of consideration.

CIVIL-MILITARY INTERACTION TO ORGANIZE A MEDICAL EVACUATION SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The article studies the complex problem of formation and development of civil–military interaction in the field of organization of medical evacuation support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the conditions of a unified medical space functioning. The purpose of the study is to substantiate conceptual provisions, generalize organizational and legal principles and methodological approaches, and formulate proposals for arrangement the activities of civil–military interaction structures in the direction of solving a complex of interdepartmental issues regarding the organization and development of the system of medical evacuation support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It was found that an effective tool for solving the problems of medical evacuation support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is the introduction of effective mechanisms of civil–military interaction and the adjustment of the activities of the relevant structures, which includes the formation of the organizational and legal foundations of such interaction in the context of the implementation of the Military Medical Doctrine of Ukraine and on the basis of a clear understanding of the operational needs in the medical evacuation support of the troops in the conditions of martial law. It has been established that the need for integration into the unified medical space of Ukraine involves the construction of an integral system of medical evacuation support for the troops in combination with the resource capabilities of the civilian health care system, and also determines the unity of views on the organization, tactics and procedure for the use of forces and means of medical services and ensures the capacity of civilian health care facilities for medical evacuation support of military personnel, which is an important military medical factor of such cooperation. A clear understanding of the capabilities of the medical evacuation support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on specific approaches is offered, which should include those that will contribute to the management of medical evacuation support at the appropriate levels; conducting effective medical evacuation measures and appropriate support, as well as medical protection measures for the personnel of the troops, etc. The importance of defining and clearly demarcating levels of medical care and necessary resources has been proven, which will provide an opportunity to work out real interdepartmental civil–military interaction and establish a system of medical evacuation support for servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the conditions of the unified medical space.

“She Clearly Thought That Something Bad Had Happened to Her”: How Military Lawyers Construct Narratives of Victim Legitimacy and Perceived Harm in Sexual Assault Cases

It has been well established that survivors of sexual assault are revictimized as they navigate the civilian criminal justice system. Significantly less is known, however, about how sexual violence is navigated within the military justice system. In this study, we use qualitative interviews with military lawyers about sexual assault cases to explore their constructions of victim legitimacy. Lawyers create a distinction between perceived and actual harm done to a victim and perpetuate the notion that victims falsely accuse men of sexual violence. Through these discursive strategies, lawyers suggest that the issue of military sexual violence is inflated. Finally, lawyers blame the institutional structure of the military for teaching victimization to young women. This helps them explain why victims who they do not perceive as legitimate report sexual violence. These findings emphasize the need for further inquiry into how those working in the military justice system perceive and interact with victims.

Applying the Haddon Matrix to Frontline Care Preparedness and Response in Asymmetric Warfare.

Asymmetric warfare and the reaction to its threats have implications in the way far-forward medical assistance is provided in such settings. Investments in far-forward emergency resuscitation and stabilization can contribute to saving lives and increase the resilience of health systems. Thus, it is proposed to extend the use of the Haddon Matrix to determine a set of strategies to better understand and prioritize activities to prepare for and set-up frontline care in the form of Trauma Stabilization Points (TSPs). An expert consensus methodology was used to achieve the research aim. A small subject matter experts' group was convened to create and validate the content of the Haddon Matrix. The result of the expert group consultations presented an overview of TSP Preparedness and Operational Readiness activities within a Haddon Matrix framework. Main strategies to be adopted within the cycle from pre- to post-event had been identified and presented considering the identified opportunities in the context of the possibility of implementation. Of particular importance was the revision of a curriculum that fits the civilian medical system and facilitates its adaptation to the context and available resources. The new framework to enhance frontline care preparedness and response using the Haddon Matrix facilitated the identification of a set of strategies to support frontline health care workers in a more efficient manner. Since the existing approach and tools are insufficient for modern warfare, additional research is needed.

Valuing the Partnership Between the Veterans Health Administration and Academic Medicine.

Valuing the Partnership Between the Veterans Health Administration and Academic Medicine.

Analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in organized military collectives of various types

Against the background of the global spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the prevention of infections with airborne mechanisms of transmission has become a priority in the Armed Forces. The development of effective COVID-19 prevention measures requires consideration of the peculiarities of military service and everyday life due to the inability of organized military collectives to comply with the requirements of the lockdown regime introduced at the peak of morbidity by the civilian health system. The patterns of incidence of COVID-19 in military personnel of the Western Military District in organized military collectives were studied in relation to the conditions of training and combat activities and the characteristics of military service. It was found that the dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19 among military personnel of the Western Military District in 20202021 exhibited a wave-like character and included four epidemic rises that coincided with epidemic waves among the civilian population. At the same time, from April to December 2020, the morbidity rate in military personnel was significantly higher than that in the general population, and from January to December 2021 against the background of mass vaccination of military personnel against COVID-19, the incidence rate in military personnel decreased by 50% relative to that in the general population. The effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures has increased significantly in recent months. The average number of patients in the epidemic outbreak decreased by 46.3%, the average duration of the outbreak decreased by 12.4%, and the proportion of group morbidity in the structure of the overall incidence of COVID-19 decreased by 19.8%. It is shown that the incidence of COVID-19 in various types of military collectives depends on the conditions of military service and the specifics of daily activities. The highest epidemiological significance of COVID-19 was detected in military units of constant readiness, as well as in medical and military educational organizations.

Mental Health Support of Frontline Medical Personnel in the Javits New York Medical Station Federal COVID-19 Treatment Center.

The federal government responded to the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States by mobilizing uniformed services and other federal medical personnel to treat patients at the Javits New York Medical Station. Deployment of large numbers of personnel required flexible psychiatric and psychological support. This report details the establishment of mental health support services for frontline personnel in a large convention center and explores lessons learned to encourage future mental health professionals to apply creative and assertive mental health interventions in disaster settings. Timely and effective interventions included securing safe therapeutic space in high-traffic areas, developing relationships with leadership and frontline workers in their own work environments, and disseminating services throughout the civilian medical system. We suggest mental health supplementation during the medical response mission strengthened morale in frontline workers in a disaster scenario.

MP58-16 DOES VETERAN STATUS MITIGATE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING? ANALYSIS OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN SCREENING PATTERNS IN THE 2018 BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM DATA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP58-16 DOES VETERAN STATUS MITIGATE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING? ANALYSIS OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN SCREENING PATTERNS IN THE 2018 BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM DATA Khalid Alkhatib, Muhieddine Labban, Logan Briggs, David-Dan Nguyen, Peter Herzog, Alexander P. Cole, Austin Haag, and Quoc-Dien Trinh Khalid AlkhatibKhalid Alkhatib More articles by this author , Muhieddine LabbanMuhieddine Labban More articles by this author , Logan BriggsLogan Briggs More articles by this author , David-Dan NguyenDavid-Dan Nguyen More articles by this author , Peter HerzogPeter Herzog More articles by this author , Alexander P. ColeAlexander P. Cole More articles by this author , Austin HaagAustin Haag More articles by this author , and Quoc-Dien TrinhQuoc-Dien Trinh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002641.16AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Limited data exist on prostate cancer screening behaviors in U.S. military veterans who receive universal access to care through the Veterans Health Administration or regular civilian care facilities. We sought to analyze the effect of veteran status on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening to examine the effect of veteran status on receipt of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and more specifically whether access to the Veterans Health System mitigates racial disparities in PSA screening. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) men aged 55-69 who responded to the PSA screening survey was conducted using the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. A bivariate analysis and a complex weighted multivariable logistic regression model were used to evaluate predictors of PSA screening, including the interaction between race and veteran status. an institutional review board waiver was obtained. RESULTS: Screening prevalence was higher among veterans (43.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 41.6% - 44.9%) versus non-veterans (39.6%, 95% CI 38.66% - 40.45%), p<0.001. Among non-veterans, the prevalence of PSA screening was significantly lower in NHB (34.1%, 95% CI 31.1% - 37.1%) versus NHW (40.3%, 95% CI 39.3% - 41.2), p<0.001. Among veterans, NHB men had a significant higher screening prevalence (48.4%, 95% CI 42.9% - 53.9%) versus NHW men (42.3%, 95% CI 40.5% - 44.1), p=0.037. We found that veteran status (OR 1.1, CI 1.01 – 1.20, p=0.030) and NHB race (OR 1.28, CI 1.11 – 1.47, p<0.001) were significantly associated with receipt of PSA screening (Table 1). A significant positive interaction was found between veteran status and race (pint=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Veteran status and NHB race were found to be independent predictors of PSA screening. The interaction between veteran status and race suggests that access to health coverage available to veterans may mitigate racial differences in prostate cancer screening behaviors. Alternatively, differential preventive cancer screening behaviors among military health care providers may explain the differences. Further studies are needed to translate such findings into the civilian health care system. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e998 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Khalid Alkhatib More articles by this author Muhieddine Labban More articles by this author Logan Briggs More articles by this author David-Dan Nguyen More articles by this author Peter Herzog More articles by this author Alexander P. Cole More articles by this author Austin Haag More articles by this author Quoc-Dien Trinh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

The enhancement of civilian military employees system for improving the reserve forces management efficiency in Korean military

The importance of reserve forces is increasing owing to changes in the security environment, such as the promotion of Defense Reform 2.0 and a sharp decrease in military service resources, however, questions are raised as to whether the current system of reserve forces management civilian military employees has appropriate efficiency. As a result of the study, a plan to improve its efficiency was suggested that it is necessary to adjust reserve forces management civilian military employees in a series of multilevel class and to redesign the personnel management system. The measures proposed in the study are required to be promoted for the future trend of development of unit structure and manpower structure of reserve forces units, equity with general civilian military employees. In addition, it should be promoted by comprehensively considering the possibility of meeting the budget. In the follow-up study, if future research is conducted on the role of policy departments to optimize personnel management of reserve forces management civilian military employees and ways to form public consensus essential for system improvement, a comprehensive framework will be established.

Medical care of military personnel during conflict and routine situations in civilian hospitals

ABSTRACT Israel’s civilian health care system doubles as military medical facilities, providing soldiers with care during both conflict and routine times. Previous scholarship indicates that despite medical personnel’s high professionalism and positive intentions, they are not immune to the effects of social and political behaviours that potentially affect patient care. Looking at the way soldiers perceive their care in civilian hospitals in Israel, this article asks in what ways does the nature of conflict affect servicemen/women’s perception of care in the civilian medical system. Using mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative data), the article concludes that satisfaction with care is affected both by how it is measured (quantitative vs. qualitative evaluation) and by the nature of conflict (HIC vs. routine). Explanations include the reality during HIC situations, how civilian medical staff views soldiers, as well as civil-military relations in Israel. Further research is needed to understand these findings in depth.

Initial concurrent and convergent validity of the Perceived Access Inventory (PAI) for mental health services.

Access to high-quality health care, including mental health care, remains a high priority for the Department of Veterans Affairs and civilian health care systems. Increased access to mental health care is associated with improved outcomes, including decreased suicidal behavior. Multiple policy changes and interventions are being developed and implemented to improve access to mental health care. The Perceived Access Inventory (PAI) is a patient-centered questionnaire developed to understand the veteran perspective about access to mental health services. The PAI is a self-report measure that includes 43 items across 5 domains: Logistics (6 items), Culture (4 items), Digital (9 items), Systems of Care (13 items), and Experiences of Care (11 items). This article is a preliminary examination of the concurrent and convergent validity of the PAI with respect to the Hoge Perceived Barriers to Seeking Mental Health Services scale (concurrent) and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ; convergent). Telephone interviews were conducted with veterans from 3 geographic regions. Eligibility criteria included screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use disorder, or depression in the past 12 months. Data from 92 veterans were analyzed using correlation matrices. PAI scores were significantly correlated with the Hoge total score (concurrent validity) and CSQ scores (convergent validity). The PAI items with the strongest correlation with CSQ were in the Systems of Care domain and the weakest were in the Logistics domain. Future efforts will evaluate validity using larger data sets and utilize the PAI to develop and test interventions to improve access to care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Examination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in military and civilian men: analysis of the 2018 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

To determine whether military men report different prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening rates than civilian men and if shared decision-making (SDM) is associated with PSA screening. We used data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and included 101,901 men (26,363 military and 75,538 civilian men) in the analysis conducted in 2021. We conducted binomial logistic regression analyses to determine covariate-adjusted associations between military status and receiving a PSA test in the last 2 years. We then added patient reports of SDM to the model. Finally, we looked at the joint effects of military status and SDM on the receipt of a PSA test in the last 2 years. Military men had 1.1 times the odds of PSA testing compared to civilian men (95% CI 1.1, 1.2) after adjusting for SDM and sociodemographic and health covariates. When examining the joint effect of military status and SDM, military and civilian men had over three times the odds of receiving a PSA test in the last 2 years if they had reported SDM (OR 3.5 and OR 3.4, respectively) compared to civilian men who did not experience SDM. Military men are slightly more likely to report receiving a PSA test in the last 2 years compared to civilian men. Additionally, results show SDM plays a role in the receipt of a PSA test in both populations. These findings can serve as a foundation for tailored interventions to promote appropriate SDM for PSA screening in civilian, active duty, and veteran healthcare systems.

Veteran families with complex needs: a qualitative study of the veterans\u2019 support system

BackgroundFamilies with complex needs face significant challenges accessing and navigating health and social services. For veteran families, these challenges are exacerbated by interactions between military and civilian systems of care, and the density of the veterans’ non-profit sector. This qualitative study was designed to gather rich, detailed information on complex needs in veteran families; and explore service providers’ and families’ experiences of accessing and navigating the veterans’ support system.MethodsThe study comprised participant background questionnaires (n = 34), focus groups with frontline service providers (n = 18), and one-on-one interviews with veteran families (n = 16) in Australia. The semi-structured focus groups and interviews were designed to gather rich, detailed information on four study topics: (i) health and wellbeing needs in veteran families; (ii) service-access barriers and facilitators; (iii) unmet needs and gaps in service provision; and (iv) practical solutions for improving service delivery. The study recruited participants who could best address the focus on veteran families with complex needs. The questionnaire data was used to describe relevant characteristics of the participant sample. The focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns of shared meaning in the qualitative data.ResultsBoth service providers and families found the veterans’ support system difficult to access and navigate. System fragmentation was perceived to impede care coordination, and delay access to holistic care for veteran families with complex needs. The medico-legal aspects of compensation and rehabilitation processes were perceived to harm veteran identity, and undermine health and wellbeing outcomes. Recovery-oriented practice was viewed as a way to promote veteran independence and self-management. Participants expressed a strong preference for family-centred care that was informed by an understanding of military lifestyle and culture.ConclusionThe health and wellbeing needs of veteran families intensify during the transition from full-time military service to civilian environments, and service- or reintegration-related difficulties may emerge (or persist) for a significant period of time thereafter. Veteran families with complex needs are unduly burdened by care coordination demands. There is a pressing need for high-quality implementation studies that evaluate initiatives for integrating fragmented systems of care.

Flying with a Safety Net: Use of REBOA to Enable Safe Transfer to a Level 1 Trauma Center

Abstract &#x0D; Background: Using Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) during air and ground transport requires coordination among the responding clinical team, transport team, and receiving surgical team. Here, we describe the development of a REBOA transport program in a civilian medical system that demonstrates the value of REBOA as part of the toolkit for safe casualty transport.&#x0D; Methods: The regional REBOA program was developed at St. Anthony Summit Medical Center in a multi-step planning and training process to ensure coordination among the facilities and transport resources during trauma patient care. Retrospective record review was performed on all patients (n=5) that received REBOA for transport from the Level 3 Trauma Center to the Level 1 Trauma Center, since inception of the program in March 2019. Data were gathered from hospital electronic medical records.&#x0D; Results: SASMC has transported five trauma patients under the REBOA program; all successfully arrived at the Level 1 Trauma Center to receive definitive care. The integrated arterial blood pressure monitoring capability in the REBOA catheter provided robust physiologic data to enable data-driven interventions during transport.&#x0D; Conclusion: The REBOA program described here is a model of how REBOA can be used to enable safe transport between levels of care, when, without REBOA, such transport might not be possible. The model is applicable during care of civilian trauma patients and combat casualties, where injured patients are initially treated in a prehospital or Role1/2 environment but require transport to a Level 1 Trauma Center or Role 3+ for definitive care. &#x0D; Keywords: REBOA, non-compressible hemorrhage, patient transport

Matrix Pencil Method and Singular Value Decomposition Application for DOA Estimation Using Linear Antenna Array with Multiple Signal Sources

The practice of estimating the direction of the signal emitted from signal sources using linear antenna arrays is used effectively in both military and civilian radar systems. While the number of signal sources was single in the first studies, the systems that estimated the direction angle of the source have now gained the ability to estimate the direction angle of the signals emitted from more than one signal source at the same time with high accuracy, thanks to the deepening researches. In this study, it is aimed to estimate the angle of incidence of noisy signals emitted from multiple signal sources with the least error by using the Matrix Pencil Method and linear antenna array, which is one of the signal subspaceanalysis methods. In addition, the signals are separated from the noise factor by using the Singular Value Decomposition method. Simulations have been carried out in many different scenarios, and it has been shown that the combination of Matrix Pencil Method and Singular Value Decomposition methods can be used for highly accurate results in estimating the direction of multiple signals coming into the antenna array.