Civil Administration Research Articles

Analysis of issues of e-government in Indian police

This paper reports the proliferation of e-government in a critical domain of civil administration, namely, police in India. The research brings out a whole array of issues, possible relationships, trends and impacts of e-government in the given domain. The paper also serves to suggest a possible framework for studying the response of a segment of governance to embracing e-government. A questionnaire-based survey was used to elicit the responses. The findings help point to which direction the policymakers need to redirect their attention to reinforce the momentum of e-government.

International Transitional Administration: The United Nations in East Timor, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Eastern Slavonia, and Kosovo – A Bibliography

Between 1995 and 1999, the United Nations established transitional administrations over four war-torn territories – East Timor, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Eastern Slavonia, and Kosovo. These transitional civil administrations began as part of a peace agreement and have or will end with either independence of the territory, as with East Timor, or the reuniting of a war-torn state, as with Eastern Slavonia's return to Croatia. As of this writing, the United Nations’ mission in Kosovo has not ended.

A Greek Roman Empire: power and belief under Theodosius II, 408-450

Preface Abbreviations Ancient Sources: Texts, Editions, and Translations I. Roman and Greek: State and Subject 1. Introduction: Roman and Greek 2. Imperial Legislation 3. Theodosius's Greek Empire 4. Latin and Greek 5. The Greek City, and Greek Literary Culture 6. Letters and the Rhetoric of Persuasion II. Security and Insecurity 1. Introduction 2. The Military Structure 3. Constantinople and the West 4. Border Wars in Libya and Egypt 5. The Eastern Frontier: Sasanids and Saracens 6. The Danube Frontier and the Huns III. Integration and Diversity 1. Latin in Government 2. Greek as the Lingua Franca 3. Greek and Other Languages at the Church Councils 4. The Public Role and Status of Syriac in the Fifth-Century Church 5. The Empire, the Church, and Paganism 6. Samaritans and Jews IV. State and Church: Civil Administration, Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, and Spiritual Power 1. Religious Conflicts and Spiritual Authority 2. State and Church: Regional Structures of Hierarchy and Authority 3. State and Church: Contested Borders 4. Theodosius and Heresy 5. The Nestorian Controversy and the Two Councils of Ephesus V. State Power and Moral Defiance: Nestorius and Irenaeus 1. Introduction: Sources and Perspectives 2. Episcopal Persuasion and the Imperial Will 3. Nestorius: Return to Monastic Life, Condemnation and Exile 4. Renewed Controversy, Imperial Condemnation, and Popular Reaction VI. Persuasion, Influence, and Power 1. Structures and Persons 2. The Routine of Public Persuasion: The Suggestio 3. Identifying Powerful Intermediaries 4. Approaching the Emperor Appendix A. The Acta of the Fifth-Century Councils: A Brief Guide for Historians Appendix B. Verbatim Reports of Proceedings from the Reign of Theodosius II Illustrations IA. The Theodosian Empire: Civil Government, Northern Half IB. The Theodosian Empire: Civil Government, Southern Half II. The Syriac Codex of 411, written in Edessa III. Autograph Greeting by Theodosius on a Letter to an Official IV. Church Built at Dar Qita, Syria, in 418 V. Statue of the Governor Oecumenius from Aphrodisias VI. Reconstruction of the Statue of the Governor Oecumenius with its Inscribed Base VII. The Structure of the Army of Theodosius's Empire VIII. Legionary Dispositions on the Danube Frontier IX. Legionary Dispositions on the Eastern Frontier X. Cities in the Balkan and Danubian Region whose Bishops attended one or more of the Fifth-Century Church Councils XI. The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy in the Northern Part of the Secular Diocese of Oriens General Index Index of Sources

Jewish forced labor under the Nazis: economic needs and racial aims, 1938-1944

Forced labor was a key feature of Nazi anti-Jewish policy and shaped the daily life of almost every Jewish family in occupied Europe. This book systematically describes the implementation of forced labor for Jews in Germany, Austria, the Protectorate, and the various occupied Polish territories. As early as the end of 1938, compulsory labor for Jews had been introduced in Germany and annexed Austria by the labor administration. Similar programs subsequently were established by civil administrations in the German-occupied Czech and Polish territories. At its maximum extent, more than one million Jewish men and women toiled for private companies and public builders, many of them in hundreds of now often-forgotten special labor camps. This study refutes the widespread thesis that compulsory work was organized only by the SS, and that exploitation was only an intermediate tactic on the way to mass murder or, rather, that it was only a facet in the destruction of the Jews.

Welfare Regimes, Welfare Systems and Housing in Southern Europe

Are housing provision systems in southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) different from those in northern Europe? Answering this question requires a way of theorizing housing systems, which locates them within their broader societal contexts. After setting out some of the key empirical differences between northern and southern, the paper reanalyses Esping-Andersen's work on welfare regimes and reviews housing-specific work using these ideas as a basis for identifying differences between northern and southern European welfare and housing systems. Three key factors emerge from this analysis: the capacity of civil administration, the linkages between formal and informal segments in the labour market, and the operation of extended familial networks in welfare distribution. On this basis, the paper presents a more institutionally robust analysis of the relationships between welfare and housing provision systems in southern Europe. The conclusions address the problems of using welfare regime theory to analyse housing provision as well as some of the specific housing problems associated with socio-economic change in southern Europe.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: undoing government by predation

This paper draws on two periods of field research, conducted in 2004, to consider the state of governance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The first measures the paralysing impact of illegal taxation on riverine trade in the western provinces; the second documents civilian attempts to seek safety from violence in the troubled east, and evaluates third-party efforts to provide protection and security. Analysis of study findings suggests that the DRC's current governance crisis is neither historically novel nor driven exclusively by mineral resources, extraction rights or trafficking. Rather, government by predation is an endemic and systematic feature of the civil and military administration, ensuring the daily economic survival of soldiers and officials, who are able to wield their authority in a 'riskfree' environment, without oversight or accountability. The paper's conclusion tries to make sense of the persistence of corruption in social and political life, and assess the capacity of ordinary citizens to reverse their predicament.

Responses of the Anglo-American military authorities to the eruption of Vesuvius, March 1944

Vesuvius, which last erupted in 1944, is one of the world's most perilous volcanoes and around 600,000 people live on its flanks. In March 1944 the Anglo-American Allies had still to complete their conquest of southern Italy from the Axis forces and, although in control of Naples and the region of Vesuvius, civil administration had only recently been established. Economically the region was severely depressed and much of its population was destitute. Notwithstanding these difficulties, a fine volcanological description of the March 1944 eruption was produced by Professor Giuseppe Imbò, Director of the Reale Osservatorio Vesuviana. In contrast, although some valuable accounts were published at the time and subsequently, the management of the emergency by members of the Allied Control Commission was neither comprehensively described nor evaluated. In this paper a day-by-day – at critical stages an hour-by-hour – chronology of the effects of the 1944 eruption on the local population and the role of the military authorities in responding to it, is presented, based primarily on archival research, together with written and oral testimony from British and American personnel directly involved. Material has also been compiled from newsreel films and previously unused, in some cases unpublished, archival photography. Meteorological data-bases have been interrogated to provide information on the effects of weather conditions on plume directions and tephra deposition. Finally, using all these sources plus information collected from local authorities ( comuni) in the areas affected by the eruption, we describe and discuss recovery and reconstruction following the eruption and the dangers faced by the population today. We conclude that, despite all the problems of wartime, management of the emergency by the Allied Control Commission was both impressive at the time and holds important lessons about the manner in which eruptions may be handled in the future.

Letting in the Light: The emergence of an information‐based civil society in post‐dictatorship Argentina, 1984‐2004

In 1983, democratic elections ended a seven‐year military dictatorship in Argentina, bringing the end of a violent military dictatorship and its campaign to eliminate what it labelled ‘subversive elements’ within Argentine society. Alongside the regime’s human victims, information and archives also suffered severely. Document raids of social organisations were common, and the military junta worked to actively destroy any records it deemed threatening or simply inappropriate. When civilians returned to power, they moved to initiate wide‐spread educational reforms, many of which focused on the development of libraries and archives. This article examines information repositories ‐ archives, libraries, and museums ‐ as small organisations and institutions empowered by the new civilian administration to emerge as prominent players in Argentina’s democratic transition.

Autobiography of Colonial Angola: Memoirs of a Civil Administrator's Wife (1945-1975)

Autobiography of Colonial Angola: Memoirs of a Civil Administrator's Wife (1945-1975)

Como güelfos y gibelinos: los colegios de San Bernardo y San Antonio Abad en el Cuzco durante el siglo XVII

This article deals with the conflicts that involved the San Bernardo and San Antonio schools all along the seventeenth century. The author proposes a new approach to explain the social history of colonial Cuzco. He mantains that the root of the confrontation has to do with the privileges that enjoy the jesuits in the provision of academical degrees, a basic requirement to obtain appointments in the civil and eclesiastical administration. To understand this social dinamic, he reconstructs the institutional history of both schools, and reveals the interests that defend the main actors of this secular conflict.

Reinforcing the Lessons of Postwar Reconstruction

International Governance of War-Torn Territories: Rule and Reconstruction. By Richard Caplan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 304 pp., $99.00 (ISBN: 0-19-926345-0). In recent years, the international policy community has been notably and understandably preoccupied with the effort to find the best ways to organize and use international resources to repair war-torn societies. This preoccupation has been evidenced by the variety of documents and research reports that have appeared, including such high profile studies as the 2000 report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (also known as the Brahimi Report) and the 2001 report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Responsibility to Protect . By addressing themes familiar to the literatures on postconflict reconstruction, peace support operations, and war-torn societies, Richard Caplan's International Governance of War-Torn Territories: Rule and Reconstruction reflects this preoccupation. With examples drawn from the Balkans and East Timor, Caplan analyzes the impact of what he calls “international administrations” in such areas as public order and internal security, refugees and internally displaced persons, civil administration, political institution-building, and economic reconstruction and development. He looks, in particular, at their success with respect to planning operations, exercising executive authority, ensuring accountability, developing exit strategies, and enhancing their effectiveness. Although Caplan does not claim to offer a primary argument or defend a thesis, his objectives are to create a new way of analyzing the international community's efforts to rebuild war-torn societies and to reclassify these efforts as either “international transitional authorities” or “international administration.” The shortcomings of the book are located here. Rather than suggesting a convincingly new approach or offering …

The Yijing and Chinese Politics: Classical Commentary and Literati Activism in the Northern Song Period, 960-1127 (review)

Reviewed by: The Yijing and Chinese Politics: Classical Commentary and Literati Activism in the Northern Song Period, 960-1127 Bent Nielsen (bio) Tze-ki Hon . The Yijing and Chinese Politics: Classical Commentary and Literati Activism in the Northern Song Period, 960-1127. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. xi, 217 pp. Hardcover $55.00, ISBN 0-7914-6311-7. The preliminary material includes a "Chronology of Northern Song Emperors" (p. xiii), followed by an "Introduction" (pp. 1-14). Two introductory chapters-"The Northern Song Historical Context" (chapter 1, pp. 15-27) and "The Northern Song Yijing Text" (chapter 2, pp. 28-48)-prepare the ground for Tze-ki Hon's skilful and luminous examination of classical Yijing exegesis and political discourse during the Northern Song: "Mission of Civil Bureaucrats: The Yijing of Hu Yuan, Li Gou, and Ouyang Xiu" (chapter 3, pp. 49-76); "Inner Roots of Ordering the World: The Yijing of Zhang Zai, Sima Guang, and Shao Yong" (chapter 4, pp.77-109); and "Coming to Terms with Factional Politics: The Yijing of Cheng Yi [End Page 129] and Su Shi" (chapter 5, pp. 110-140). The "Conclusion" (pp. 141-150) wraps everything up with a discussion of "Text, Tradition, and Time" and "[A] Historical Understanding of Northern Song Yijing Commentaries." Finally, there are two appendixes with the Chinese names (and English translations) and images of the eight trigrams and the sixty-four hexagrams (pp. 151-155), notes (pp. 157-190), a glossary of Chinese terms and names (pp. 191-195), a bibliography divided into primary (pp. 197-199) and secondary sources (pp. 200-211), and an index (pp. 213-217). This is a very significant contribution to the studies of the role of the Yijing (I ching or Book of Changes) in Chinese politics. As the title indicates, Tze-ki Hon concentrates on the period of the Northern Song (960-1127), a period that witnessed major changes in the organization of the state and the bureaucracy. The core of the book is chapters 3 through 5, which correspond to Hon's division of the Northern Song into three periods of roughly sixty years each: 960-1022, 1023-1085, and 1086-1127. Each period is represented by a major commentary to the Yijing: Hu Yuan's (993-1059) Zhouyi kouyi (Oral exposition of the Changes of the Zhou [dynasty]), Zhang Zai's (1020-1077) Hengqu Yishuo (Account of the Changes by [the gentleman from] Hengqu), and Cheng Yi's (1033-1107) Yichuan Yizhuan (Commentary on the Changes by [the gentleman from] Yichuan), respectively. Hon compares these three commentaries to each other, to the very influential commentary by Wang Bi (226-249) and the orthodox edition of the Tang dynasty (618-907) compiled by Kong Yingda (574-648), and to a number of other Northern Song commentaries, primarily by Li Gou (1009-1059), Ouyang Xiu (1007-1070), Sima Guang (1019-1086), Shao Yong (1011-1077), and Su Shi (1037-1101). No wonder this book was a decade in the making! By implementing a synchronic rather than a diachronic comparison, Hon hopes "to demonstrate how the Yijing commentaries can be an important source of information on the momentous political and social changes of eleventh-century China" (p. 1). The major challenges for the newly established Song dynasty were setting up a civil administration to curb the influence of the large landowner families and the military on the one hand and dealing with the ever increasing military expenditure and annual tributes to the semi-nomadic peoples on the western and northern frontiers on the other. Whether "writing an Yijing commentary to come to terms with major setbacks in . . . life" (p. 135), using "the Yijing to address the pressing political problems" (ibid.), or responding "to the core questions of the Yijing by reflecting on the sociopolitical changes" (p. 145), it is evident that the Yijing does lend itself rather easily to multiple and vastly differing interpretations. Reading Hon's knowledgeable presentation of the Northern Song exegetes, it quickly emerges that the main concern of these scholars is to find support for their own ideas in the Yijing. This is true to such an extent that some commentators are "at risk...

Quantitative Determination of Sildenafil (Viagra®) and Its Metabolite (UK-103,320)in Fluid and Tissue Specimens Obtained from Six Aviation Fatalities*

During the investigation of aviation accidents, postmortem samples from victims are submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological analysis. This report presents a rapid and reliable method for the identification and quantitation of sildenafil (Viagra) and its active metabolite, UK-103,320. This procedure utilizes sildenafil-d(8) as an internal standard for more accurate and reliable quantitation. The quantitation of sildenafil and UK-103,320 in postmortem fluid and tissue specimens obtained from victims from six separate aviation fatalities is described. The method incorporates solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and MS-MS-MS utilizing an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap MS in the positive chemical ionization mode. Solid-phase extraction provided an efficient sample extraction yielding recoveries ranging from 79 to 88%. The limits of detection for sildenafil and UK-103,320 were 0.39 and 0.19 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range for both compounds was 0.78-800 ng/mL. The current method proved to be simple, accurate, and robust for the identification and quantitation of sildenafil and UK-103,320 in postmortem fluids and tissues.

Benin: Under new management

Extracted from text ... African Security Review 15.1 Institute for Security Studies Benin: Under new management Richard Cornwell* In the middle of the 1970s there were few observers who would have predicted that Benin would come to provide Africa with examples of peaceful political transition. Benin's ethno-regionally fractured polity traditionally has pitched the south-east, south-west and north of the country into a bitter rivalry for national political power. Throughout the 1960s the army had frequently intervened to break the political deadlock created by civilian administrations, and in 1972 Mathieu K?r?kou seized power and then sought to broaden his appeal to the militant student ..

The Evolution Of Human Resource Management In Reforming The Health Sector In Nigeria

The civilian administration in Nigeria had ushered in a ‘new breeze' of socio-economic reforms across the country. The reform in all sectors aims at addressing dissatisfaction of the Nigerian populace restlessly desiring change for a better Nigeria. The National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy, (NEEDS), was adopted as Nigeria's national reform programme and it involve all sectors including health. It was obvious even before the advent of democracy that the strategy \health for all by the year 2000\, would not succeed without fundamental changes in the prevailing culture in public health services in the country. More- so the challenges pose by the Millennium Development Goals declaration on all the UN member countries makes Nigeria to recognize the underlying need to undertake necessary radical changes against the traditional approaches in the provision of its health care delivery in other to meet the goals of these global initiatives. These gave birth to the Health Sector Reform programme of the Federal Ministry of Health. The Health Sector Reform is focusing on making efficient use of resources, especially human resource in order to achieve a sustainable healthcare development. The evolution of health sector reform and its relationship to the Human Resource for Health (HRH) in Nigeria is quiet topical for the Health System development. This article intends to review the evolvement of Human Resources for Health and how it is shaping the reform process in the Nigerian Health Sector. Keywords : human resources, health sector reform, nigeria Annals of Nigerian Medicine Vol. 2 (2) 2006: pp. 1-8

Political Democracy and Archival Development in the Management of Presidential Records in the Republic of Korea

This article reviews the modern history of presidential records management in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Each of the different phases of archival development in presidential records management was triggered by democratic developments in the country's political system, which illustrates the close relationship between political structure and public archives in modern Korea. To examine this relationship, this study investigates the history of presidential records in Korea during three eras: the era of the absence of public records under authoritarian regimes (1948-1993), the era of the establishment of the basic principle for managing presidential records under two civilian administrations (1993-2003), and the era of new prospects for public archives under a new government (2003-present). This historical approach emphasizes that democratic entities are necessary to set up and manage an archival system for presidential records and to ensure public access to these records.

Establisghing the Criteria for Public Administration: An Evaluation of Chinese Government in the New Era

China has entered a new period in its history. In order to foster economic development and preserve a balanced development of society, it is imperative that the Chinese government execute the country's criteria of public administration as institutional administration, legal administration, democratic administration, efficient administration, regular administration, credit administration, civil administration, professional administration, developent administration, and so on.

An appraisal of the legal and institutional framework for combating corruption in Nigeria

PurposeTo examine the adequacy or otherwise of the existing legal and institutional mechanisms for combating corruption in Nigeria and suggest useful strategies for achieving this.Design/methodology/approachThe pre‐existing statutory enactments, the Criminal and Penal Codes governing corruption in Nigeria were examined to assess their effectiveness in dealing with the crime of corruption. In addition, the two main enactments under the present civilian administration dealing with corruption, namely, the Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Act, 2000 and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Act, 2004 were also X‐rayed.FindingsIt was found that the earlier statutory enactments have proved ineffective in combating corruption in contemporary Nigeria, hence the enactment of the Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Act, 2000 and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Act, 2004, with the objective of dealing with various aspects of corruption.Practical implicationsThe implication of this finding is that to be effective, legislative measures to tackle corruption must take cognizance of the multifarious nature of the menace coupled with the requisite political will to enforce the provisions of such statutory enactments.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the great benefit of the use of additional legislative measures in tackling corruption in Nigeria. It suggests the strengthening of these mechanisms and a re‐orientation of social values as the best strategy for dealing with the corruption virus in the country.

De la reconfiguration de l’espace politique au Sénégal: les alliances de la post-alternance

Senegal has long enjoyed a positive reputation for its unique pohtical culture in sub-Saharan Africa. Indeed, it was one of the first African countries to institute a multiparty system and of one the rare ones to sustain regular presidential and legislative elections. As a result, Africanists have used the term exceptionnahsm to characterize the Senegalese pohtical experience. However, with the spread of the multiparty system throughout most of Africa during the 1990s, does Senegalese pohtics retain its exceptional status* This article aims to show that this exception continues not so much in terms of its multiparty system or its unique civil administration but more in terms of the way that the pohtical arena has been restructured since March 2000. In a historically unprecedented turn of events, pohtical power was wielded by an elected right-wing minority with the support of a left wing majority that had the right to rule but remained confined to its role as the opposition. This article argues that this instrumental alliance, the result of the erosion of sociahst power and of the need to complete the long maturation process of Senegalese democracy, foreshadows the reahgnment of ideologically consistent alliances, and thus the reconfiguring of pohtical space into two distinct poles: one on the left made up of multiple parties which cannot hope individually to achieve an electoral majority and one on the right, the outlines of which remain to be clarified.

Achieving more intelligent cities

Knowledge-based revision of the planning, design and maintenance of infrastructure and civil administration by tapping the efficiencies of emerging information tools (such as the digital communication network) and/or engineering technology is a pivotal step in achieving an intelligent city which would ensure an enhanced well-being of the city's inhabitants and visitors alike.