Civil Works Research Articles

Analysis of the Role of Training and Development in Improving Employee Performance at PT. Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan.

PT. Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan is one of the companies engaged in providing heavy rental equipment, civil works, production of mineral water management, and steam washing which requires special skills. For that, the company has provided training for the employees, but it only runs for one year which causes frequent work accidents. The objectives of this study are to determine the role of training in improving employee performance at PT Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan and to determine the role of development in improving employee performance at PT Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan. This study is conducted by a qualitative method using purposive sampling method to select informants who are determined by several criteria. Technique of collecting data uses three ways by conducting in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study are 1) After PT. Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan carries out training on employee performance, the company can improve the performance of its employees, can reduce the number of work accidents and can make the company better. 2) The role of development at PT. Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan is that the employee performance is getting better. From the training, employees gain new knowledge and new experiences so that their performance can be maximized and have a positive impact on the company and also for consumers. The conclusions of this study are 1) Performance training for employees of PT. Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan is getting better than before in heavy equipment operation, heavy equipment maintenance, mineral water management and mineral water management machine maintenance. 2) Development of employee performance at PT. Karya Muda Mandiri Bangkalan is getting better. When employees are included in the training, the development of employee knowledge, skills and behaviors that bring changes to the company can be seen. Employees can further increase the service users and the employee performance can also be maximized.

Application of seismic refraction tomography for detecting a hidden potential fault

Seismic refraction technique is an increasingly useful geophysical tool for geotechnical studies in civil engineering work including the mapping of different soil formation of subsoil and detection of the bed rock. Additionally, wave velocity is a key parameter which correlates directly with significant geotechnical parameters of soils and rocks. Today, the evolution of the measurement technique in the field and the data processing allows to obtain tomographic images which increases its potential for applications to evaluate structuration of rock mass. This work describes the basic principles of seismic tomography and a case history of an application in civil works used to evaluate the foundation conditions of a site were a new structure for a spillway for the Gatun lake, north Panama, was projected. The study allowed to detect a destructured band sector in the bedrock which was covered by more modern sediments and vegetation just in the site of interest for the foundation of a project. The magnitude of the destructured bedrock forced to relocate the structure.

Geovisor implementation for visualization of geodynamic and geomorphological properties of the subsoil: Case study Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador

Globally, the development of cities and the increase in their population accelerate construction processes, significantly contrasting with soil studies of the soils on which buildings are built, whose. research results advance at a slower pace than required, often resulting in the occupation of spaces without these previous studies. Mainly due to the null or limited available information is scattered across different sources, files, and formats, and searching for it is a long and difficult process that generates unproductive spaces. This leads to high vulnerability of structures to different events that modify soil behaviour. To address these limitations, the present study aims to generate a standardized database that compiles existing information and processes it so that it can be easily and quickly accessed. A geovisor (based on geographic information systems GIS) is proposed as an ideal way to geographically display on the web the collected data from the studied region (for this work: Cuenca – Azuay – Republic of Ecuador). The information for this study has a seismic focus, being the variables of interest: primary wave speed Vp, secondary Vs, soil type according to the classification of local regulations (NEC-SE-DS) and international SUCS, and soil period. It also incorporates geological and geotechnical information, and stratigraphic subsurface profiles. This constitutes the first national-level database that combines all this information in a single format, forming a great tool for professionals and the community in general in making decisions when infrastructures are emplaced. This information is presented in a geovisor designed for quick access and easy understanding, avoiding the omission of important processes in civil works.

Flexural behavior of composite section of multiple full-culm bamboo beams with mortar infill bolted joints

Full-culm bamboo has several characteristics that make it an excellent alternative construction material due to its rapid growth rate, high strength-to-weight ratio, and high carbon sequestration. Thus, it becomes crucial to study the mechanical and structural performance of bamboo within an engineering framework, such as flexural behavior of multi-culm elements, since it is a key issue of typical elements of building such beams, joists, and others. While there is a general understanding of the composite section behavior in materials such as timber, steel and concrete, there is a lack of experimental evidence concerning bamboo in this regard. Therefore, an experimental program was undertaken by the Center of Research in Materials and Civil Works (CIMOC) at the Universidad de Los Andes in Colombia. Two- and three-culm elements of Guadua angustifolia Kunth from a Colombian plantation using a Bolted-Mortar Infill connections were tested in a bending setup. The gamma method, extensively employed in timber standards, was used to find the percentage of composite section for different number of shear connectors. Montecarlo simulations were performed to deal with uncertainty of the modulus of elasticity and the slip modulus (stiffness) of the Bolted-Mortar Infill connection. Additionally, a design factor FI was proposed that allows to find the ratio of increment of the effective moment of inertia of partially composite section for different connection configuration. Equations were derived and proposed for C and FI through linear regression.

Assessment Performance of Public Disbursement in Civil Maintenance Railway Projects (A Post Audit–Covid Pandemic)

This paper examined the impact of COVID-19 using a quantitative approach on disbursement of maintenance railway projects. Information was gathered by deploying questionnaire survey to practitioners who involved in railway maintenance projects. Primary factors effected to disbursement procedure were identified from 70 major railway maintenance projects (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical works). Thirty-two (32) factors effected to the disbursement procedure were then distributed in the form of questionnaire. A total 115 respondents were sent back and ranking the severity of effective factors to disbursement procedure. Findings revealed in submission stage that contractor’s failure to follow the procedures submitting invoices. contractor submits claims with errors and government prevention policies were mainly factors which effected the performance of submission. While, quarantine period and adverse weather factors were the main factor which effected the performance of inspection stage. Financial crisis and shortage of staff were main factors which effected the payment execution period. All mentioned factors effected to disbursement procedure were caused by contractors and engineers and owner staffs. It appeared factors effected to performance of disbursement procedure that were normally occurred in construction projects.

Seismic resilient performance of code-designed, base-isolated slender steel buildings in firm soils

The seismic response of slender base-isolated structures can be significantly compromised during strong earthquakes, as significant tensional forces or uplifts can be demanded to exterior and corner base isolators. Nevertheless, there are few studies published in the literature where the expected seismic response of fully-designed base-isolated buildings according to a given base-isolation code or standard is shown and discussed when subjected to ground motions records related to the design earthquake scenario. In this paper, the authors present the results obtained from the cases of study of four code-designed base-isolated buildings, from 8 to 24 stories in height, with different global slenderness ratios H/L: 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 and 6.0. Subject buildings were assumed to be located at the city of Puebla, Mexico, in firm soil sites. Buildings were designed according to current base-isolation guidelines for the Manual of Civil Works (MOC) using the modal response spectrum analysis method while neglecting the vertical component in the design process. The base isolation system was composed of high-damping rubber bearings (HDRB). The considered structural system above the isolation system was a dual system composed of special concentrically steel braced frames (SCBFs) and special moment steel frames (SMFs). The resulting base-isolated (TI) to fixed-base (Tfb) natural periods ratio for the designed buildings was within the range 2.55 ≤ TI/Tfb ≤ 3.02. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted for the designed buildings when subjected to five strongest pairs of orthogonal ground motions recorded during the September 19, 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake, which correspond to the design earthquake scenarios considered in MOC. In addition, the impact of the vertical ground motion component was evaluated for the most critical station. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that for the studied buildings, the modal response spectrum design method was safe enough to achieve resilient seismic designs. Nevertheless, net tensile forces and uplifts were triggered in corner base isolators, particularly for ground motion records which corresponding displacement spectra was close to the code displacement spectra for the target design base-isolated period TI. Tensile forces and uplifts in base isolators were slightly increased when considering the action of the vertical ground motion component of the critical station. In addition, peak accelerations at the floor levels were moderately increased when considering the vertical component, which may have detrimental effects in acceleration-sensitive non-structural components and the shear capacity of floor systems.

Reuse of Tunisian excavated material into composite soil for rainwater infiltration within urban green infrastructure

Excavated material or soil is one of the most abundant types of waste produced by civil works. The study draws a methodology for assessing through selected standard tests the environmental, geotechnical, and agronomical features of excavated material to highlight the most ecological way to reuse it. In view of making a constructed soil to be implemented within green infrastructure part of new urban landscape, imperative skills of soil or material are referred to as SWOFI: safety, workability, fertility, infiltrability, and guidelines are derived accordingly. As a practical case of the application of the methodology, a non-cohesive sedimentary parent rock with a sandy loam texture excavated at Bou Argoub in Tunisia has been characterised. This excavated material is a negligible source of pollution hazard by heavy metals. It classifies in a category very sensitive to compaction and strongly influenced by the clay content, so difficult to reuse in road applications. It is very poor in organic matter and too much alkaline, so grape marc waste is used to improve its fertility, thus making a composite soil that prefigures a constructed soil. This allows the valorisation of local agriculture waste throughout the designed strategy.Novelty resides in the selection of tests and the association of technics issued from usually separated disciplines and the integrated workflow of the soil at three stages of the value-chain: excavated-homogenised, amended, then repacked at a given bulk density as a composite soil. Immediate compactibility changes as a linear function of repacked bulk density BD; from the literature, this result is assumed true in the composite soil as well as the excavated material. Based on required intervals of permeability for the projected use in green infrastructure requiring rainwater infiltration, a decision-making table is applied with, as input, the most probable value of permeability determined from pedotransfer function as topsoil or as subsoil. Combining pollution hazard assessment, geotechnical improvement, agronomical amendment, an innovative approach leads to pedological and hydrological functionality for constructed soil, a nature-based solution.

Survey, classification and organization of use salt-contaminated sand as aggregates for reinforced concrete

The survey results of some types of saline-contaminated sand show that the mechanical and physical properties of this sand are similar to that of yellow sand, but most of the surveyed salt-contaminated sand samples have a higher chloride content than the allowable level, so when using For reinforced concrete structures, measures must be taken to protect against corrosion from the beginning. In this paper, on the basis of testing the physical and chemical properties of 19 types of saline-contaminated sands in Vietnam's sea, initially synthesized and classified the basic properties of sand according to chloride content, proposing requirements Corrosion protection for reinforcement in concrete using saline-contaminated sand aggregates based on research results on using saline sand as aggregate for reinforced concrete structures used in civil works, suitable for environmental zoning Vietnamese marine.

Legal Aspects of the Evaluation of Tenders in Public Procurement Procedures in the Polish Mining Industry

Public procurement procedures facilitate the purchase of products, services, or civil works by public administrations. In Poland, they follow the national rules specified in the Public Procurement Act. Public procurement aims to ensure a transparent and competitive purchasing process, effective use of public resources, equal treatment of all tenderers, and supply of the best products and services. Various aspects of tender evaluation often determine public procurement and the actual process. Of fundamental importance are price and quality. The Polish mining industry is very mature and includes many stakeholders, such as underground, surface, and borehole mines. Public procurement in the mining industry is specialised and involves complex contracts between the contracting authority and the contractor. Additionally, the mining industry involves very high-risk levels and requires special safety efforts. Therefore, this article presents the analysis results related to evaluating offers in public tenders in the most prominent Polish enterprises of the mining industry. The results indicated what procedures should be carried out and what offer evaluation criteria are essential. The emphasis was placed on ensuring that the selection of offers in this industry are not based only on one criterion: price.

Structuring risks for a comprehensive understanding of cost overruns in power plant projects

Purpose Power plant projects are very complex and encounter serious cost overruns worldwide. Their cost overrun risks are not independent but interrelated in many cases, having structural relationships among each other. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to establish the complex structural relationships of risks involved. Design/methodology/approach In total, 76 published articles from the previous literature are reviewed using the content analysis method. Three risk networks in different phases of power plant projects are depicted based on literature review and case studies. The possible methods of solving these risk networks are also discussed. Findings The study finds critical cost overrun risks and develops risk networks for the procurement, civil and mechanical works of power plant projects. It identifies potential models to assess cost overrun risks based on the developed risk networks. The literature review also revealed some research gaps in the cost overrun risk management of power plants and similar infrastructure projects. Practical implications This study will assist project risk managers to understand the potential risks and their relationships to prevent and mitigate cost overruns for future power plant projects. It will also facilitate decision-makers developing a risk management framework and controlling projects’ cost overruns. Originality/value The study presents conceptual risk networks in different phases of power plant projects for comprehending the root causes of cost overruns. A comparative discussion of the relevant models available in the literature is presented, where their potential applications, limitations and further improvement areas are discussed to solve the developed risk networks for modeling cost overrun risks.

Mapping the integrity of rock mass with GPR: case study in decommissioning mining

Slopes are built for the purpose of extracting ore, in the case of mining, or access roads in civil works. The excavation of slopes in tropical countries is facilitated by the thick layer of soil formed from the more intense weathering when compared to other countries. However, the residence time of water in the soil is relatively longer and consequently allows the accumulation and percolation of water through rock fractures even in the dry period. These factors induce a greater probability of occurrence of ruptures. Mines in the decommissioning phase must guarantee slope stability conditions even after closure in order to comply with legislation and environmental safety. In this work, the slopes of a decommissioning mine were investigated using geophysical methods (GPR) and structural analysis of the rock mass. The results were presented in the form of radargrams that correlate distance and depth of investigation. Structural data served as the basis for the execution of kinematic analyzes for planar and wedge ruptures. The analysis of the results allowed the correlation between electromagnetic signal attenuation zones, with the presence of water and the occurrence of ruptures. Thus, the GPR results allowed the recognition of structural discontinuities, accumulation zones and water flow.

Application of Cross-hole Seismic Tomography to Inferred Cavities Condition.

The construction of the Rajamandala hydroelectric power plant civil works has experienced critical problems that arise in the implementation process, with the occurrence of cracks cavities conditions in the headrace tunnel locations. We applied the cross-hole seismic tomography to detect important heterogeneities and mechanical proprieties of the formations between two boreholes in this case inferred cracks cavities condition. The seismic source is inside the borehole “a sparker” and the receivers “hydrophones” are in an adjacent one, the sparker is lowered into the borehole one step at the time. Seismic waves, propagating in the tunnel wall rock, spread widely, and are reflected and refracted when encountering interfaces between rocks with different acoustic impedances. Reflected waves returning to the receivers are recorded. After the processing of the first arrivals of the P waves we obtain a cross section of the seismic velocities in between the two wellbores. With the cross-hole seismic tomography, the basis could be provided to the tunnel construction and parameter adjustments to guarantee the construction safety. Our result shown that there is a weak zone above the tunnel with low Vp zone (~1.2 km/s) may be related to weak zone (may be fracture, unconsolidated rock, and fluid-filled rock or landslide caving). Checker-board resolution test is also conducted to determine the tomogram areas that are reliable to be interpreted. Our challenges are we have poor resolution due to not enough raypath. The Cross-hole seismic tomography can effectively and safely guide the excavation of the tunnel section working surface in combination with reconstructed images and excavation technology.

Technical, Economic and Environmental Feasibility for the Construction of an Interactive Solar Classroom in Lérida, Tolima; Colombia

Currently, the growth in energy demand in all sectors and the excessive use of fossil fuels has generated negative environmental impacts on the environment. Countries in Latin America are committed to increasing their school coverage, with projects that use renewable energy. In the municipality of Lerida, Tolima, Colombia; there is a need to expand school infrastructure in order to provide access to technology and reduce school dropout with the construction of solar classrooms.
 Aims: This research aims to evaluate the technical, economic and environmental feasibility for the construction of a classroom with photovoltaic energy system and technology equipment in the municipality of Lérida, Tolima, Colombia.
 Study Design: Case study, with quantitative, descriptive and prospective approach.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The case study was conducted in the municipality of Lérida, Department of Tolima, 73 kilometers from Ibagué in Colombia; between 2022 and 2023.
 Methodology: The methodology consisted in determining the size of a photovoltaic system based on the consumption of the selected equipment, the design and construction of the solar classroom with recyclable materials. Subsequently, the project was financially evaluated based on the social benefits that the project would provide. Finally, the environmental impact was evaluated to determine if the construction of the classroom is technically, financially and environmentally viable.
 Results: First, the costs and material for the civil works of the classroom were evaluated and it was determined that it was built with Lego-type plastic wood. Subsequently, the energy demand was determined with the technological equipment, identifying a demand of 2587 kW/hour, at 110V and with 8 hours of daily operation. With these data, the design of the photovoltaic system was carried out to cover the estimated demand, adjusted to the theoretical consumption of the equipment to be installed. With the energy demand, the selection of the number of panels was made, which resulted in 10 panels of 330 W with 5 effective hours of sun, a 3000 W inverter, a 4000 W regulator and 3 batteries of 100 Ah to maintain the energy autonomy of the classroom for 1 day. The photovoltaic system is projected with a useful life of 20 years, with the exception of the batteries, which is only 7 years. The next step was to carry out the cost-benefit analysis that determined the economic viability of the project, with a rate of return on investment of 3.6 years. Likewise, the benefits that the classroom would bring to the community and that are related to the objectives of developing quality education, with affordable energy and modern infrastructure were determined. The economic and social impacts were analyzed, which were positively high by making available technology available to the young people of Lérida that allows reducing the technological gap that generates inequalities and finally the environmental impact was evaluated, which turned out to be of low impact.
 Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that the construction of a solar classroom in Lérida, Tolima in Colombia is technically, economically and environmentally feasible.

Arduino-Based Low-Cost Device for the Measurement of Detonation Times in Blasting Caps.

The use of equipment such as oscilloscopes, high-speed cameras or acoustic sensors is quite common to measure detonation times from surface connectors and detonators. However, these solutions are expensive and, sometimes, not adequate to use in field conditions, such as mining or civil works. In this regard, a low-cost portable device is designed and tested using the Arduino platform, achieving a simple, robust and precise system to carry out field measurements. This study describes the characteristics and working principles of the designed device, as well as the verifications carried out to check the accuracy of the Arduino ceramic oscillator. Additionally, a field test was carried out using 100 actual detonators and surface connectors to verify the correct operation of the designed equipment. We have designed a device, and a methodology, to measure detonation instants with a minimum accuracy of 0.1 ms, being sufficient to carry out subsequent studies of detonation time dispersion for non-electric detonators.

Combining 3D textiles and synthetic microfibers for a sustainable strain-hardening behavior in cementitious materials

Concrete and traditional cement have a significant environmental impact. As they will continue to be used abundantly, solutions are necessary to ensure a more sustainable application. The use of metallic reinforcements in cementitious material leads to environmental and durability concerns as well, such as corrosion. A new way of reinforcing cementitious materials is combining 3D textiles with synthetic microfibers. This reinforcement combination, with naturally higher corrosion resistance, can lead to slender, lighter, and more durable structures. The 3D textiles guarantee the loadbearing capacity while the synthetic microfibers limit the crack widths to an acceptable range in which the cracks can be healed through the autogenous healing of the cementitious material. This limits the necessity for maintenance and repair works, increasing the service life of future civil works. Synthetic microfibers, 3D textiles and cementitious matrix synergistically interconnect, leading to a different mechanical performance which needs to be studied. In this paper, the effect of the addition of microfibers to 3D Textile Reinforced Cements (3D TRCs) is investigated, evaluating the influence of the fibers themselves, as well as their content and length. Two types of polypropylene (PP) microfibers with a length of 3 mm and 6 mm are selected. Using four-point bending tests linked with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) monitoring, the strain-hardening behavior, bending behavior and crack formation of 3D TRC specimens with and without added microfibers are investigated. Generally, using 3D textiles, a superior flexural response is already obtained compared to 2D textiles due to the anchorage mechanism of the transversal connections. However, a higher ultimate load and post-cracking stiffness are achieved upon using synthetic microfibers, showing the positive effect of the reinforcement combination. A higher fiber content and longer fiber length amplify this effect. Furthermore, the addition of microfibers generally results in the formation of more and narrower cracks.

Systematic Literature Review of Open Infrastructure BIM

Representation and modeling using the building information modeling (BIM) methodology of civil works have become the subject of increasing attention in recent years, thanks to the potential offered by Open Infrastructure BIM (I-BIM). However, the complexity of infrastructure works, i.e., the variety of construction and technological systems, makes Open I-BIM very complex and challenging. The lack of systemic knowledge on the subject is another challenging factor. The aim of the following research work is to provide a synoptic overview of the existing scientific research, accompanied by the most recent studies in the field of computer modeling, its applications, and the main opportunities that Open I-BIM offers to the infrastructure sector. After a thorough review of 198 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023, this study systematically presents a holistic review and critical reflection on the current status of the use of Open BIM in the infrastructure sector, with a focus on the development of the tools and methods used. The outcome of this work constitutes a systematic review of the literature with a bibliometric analysis on Open I-BIM, which is able to provide a knowledge base for identifying research trends, common problems, and the potential of developed methods.

Perceived Impact of Affect Labeling and Social Sharing in Healthcare: Insights from a Pilot Study and Opportunities for Future Investigation

Perceived Impact of Affect Labeling and Social Sharing in Healthcare: Insights from a Pilot Study and Opportunities for Future Investigation

Innovative Composite Materials for Improving Structural Integrity and Longevity in Civil Engineering Applications

The following research is on substantial developments of composite materials to improve the structural integrity and durability of construction in civil engineering. Traditional materials—like steel and concrete—have a host of problems associated with them, such as being vulnerable to corrosion, requiring frequent maintenance, and having limited lifespan. This paper reviews such issues in relation to the application of composite materials that are known to have improved properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratios, improved corrosion resistance, and better durability. The challenge posed to civil engineering, however, remains to be the limited durability and high maintenance cost of traditional construction materials. Due to environmental and mechanical stresses, these materials degrade and have resulted in frequent repairs and replacements, eventually increasing lifecycle costs of infrastructure projects. Key objectives of this research include the investigation of the very latest developments in composite materials, the assessment of their impact on the structural integrity and longevity of civil engineering constructions, and the economic benefits of reduced maintenance and longer service life for structures due to these improved materials. These are some of the contributions of the study: it showed that composite materials have much better performance than traditional materials in load-carrying capacity, resistance, and life; comparative analyses establishing dramatic money saving by large order in maintenance cost and lifecycle cost using composites, as compared to traditional materials; and showing the versatility of composite materials for general civil engineering applications like bridges, tunnels, pipelines, and building structures. The results show that composite materials increase the life span of constructions and structures related to civil engineering by a tremendous amount: for example, the load-bearing capacity is improved by 20%, the life span of pavement and bridges increased by 200–400%, the maintenance frequency by 50%, and the maintenance cost by 60%, which justifies their economic benefits very clearly. It has improved thermal insulation, reduced weight for the structural components, and more resistance to degradation by environmental elements, which makes composites a better solution compared with conventional materials. Generally speaking, this paper tries to bring out the prospect of composite materials in application for civil works, providing an alternative that will address issues of durability, cost, and flexibility in infrastructure.

THE MEANING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: CIKENDI SPRING PROTECTION FORTRESS

The Cikendi Spring Protection Building is listed in the list of Cultural Heritage sites. From a historical perspective, this building holds a number of stories and memories for the city of Bandung. However, it seems as if Cikendi's struggle is being ignored, the community is less concerned about the existence of the Cultural Heritage Building. In fact, if examined more deeply, the Cultural Heritage Building has so many meanings to be explored. The purpose of this research is to make us aware that the Cikendi Cultural Heritage Site is not just a Dutch heritage building, but it holds history and real evidence that springs are useful for us today, maybe tomorrow, or in the future. This research is qualitative in nature, where the data is obtained based on existing theoretical studies. The existence of the Cikendi Spring Protection Fort is a silent witness to the struggles of our ancestors as well as a tangible result of the work of civilization in the past. The success of our ancestors in utilizing the surrounding environment so that the benefits of Cikendi Springs can still be felt today

Assessing Landslide Drivers in Social–Ecological–Technological Systems: The Case of Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

Urban landslides are increasing globally, mainly caused by human-induced changes in hillsides. Most of these events have caused low-intensity damages to housing and infrastructure. A total of 2038 locations of landslides in the hydrological year of 2010 were used to model landslides’ occurrence in the metropolitan region of São Paulo—Brazil—using a social–ecological–technological system’s approach, which enables the analysis of urban landslides as the outcome of dynamic socioeconomic and infrastructural conditions alongside climatic and geophysical conditions. A multi-step model approach was used to select the best set of variables related to landslides’ occurrence and assess their importance. The value of AUC of the model was 0.9087, denoting the high level of discrimination achieved. Antecedent rainfall played the most important role, followed by terrain slope. Informal settlements, associated with poor constructive practices and a lack of municipal inspection on civil works and buildings, as well as the number of households, which stands for built density and greater alteration in hillsides, yielded a slightly lower contribution. Other variables showed a marginal contribution. These results reinforce the role of local ordinances aimed at restricting occupation in steeper slopes and public policies to promote adequate housing and constructive practices. Future climate projections to MRSP point to the increase in intense rainfall days, making disasters caused by landslides a major source of risk.