Position Of Civil Servants Research Articles

How Can Law and Policy Reform Shape Human Resource Strategies in Indonesian State Universities Post-Law No. 20 of 2023?

Dialectics always arise with the introduction of new policies in laws, and Law No. 20 of 2023 concerning State Civil Servants is no exception. The latest provision in Chapter XIII, Article 65(1), prohibits Personnel Supervisory Officials from appointing Non-Civil Servants to fill civil servant positions, sparking debates on its implications for human resource (HR) management in Indonesian state universities. This study aims to evaluate HR management strategies in state universities, identify obstacles in implementing the law, and propose solutions to optimize its adoption. The research adopts a qualitative method with an analytical descriptive approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with HR managers from several public universities in Central Java, supported by a review of relevant documents. The study reveals that while some universities have begun to adopt the provisions of the law, they still face significant challenges, including a lack of professional training and development, complex bureaucratic processes, and budget constraints. Adjusting organizational structures and enhancing staff competencies remain major hurdles. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the intersection of legal reform and HR strategies in higher education. The urgency is underscored by the immediate need to address inefficiencies and adapt to the law’s mandates. This study contributes by offering actionable recommendations, including increased training and awareness campaigns, simplifying bureaucracy, and expanding budgets for HR development. These insights are essential for policymakers and university administrators to ensure the efficient implementation of Law No. 20 of 2023, ultimately enhancing governance and operational efficiency in Indonesian state universities.

Efektivitas Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Administrator (PKA) oleh BPSDM Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2023

The State Administration Institute of the Republic of Indonesia (LAN) has issued Decree of the Head of the State Administration Agency Number 2 of 2023 concerning Guidelines for Implementing Structural Leadership Training Activities which is the basis for holding education and leadership training activities for administrator officials. This research will discuss the 2023 Class IV Administrator Leadership Training (PKA) activities which were held in order to meet managerial competency standards in structural civil servant positions. The method used in this research is a qualitative method to analyze the effectiveness of implementing structural leadership training activities which is based on measuring sources, processes and targets. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out through interviews, observation, literature study and documentation. The results of this research show that the implementation of managerial leadership training for the position of Administrator (PKA) Class IV in 2023 carried out by the West Java Province Human Resources Development Agency is hampered by the limited number of class observers, the ability of participants who have not yet adapted to the learning methods applied, as well as disrupting participants' concentration because they had to carry out work tasks in their work unit in between training activities, so that aspects of the process did not run optimally.

Analysis of the State Archives Republican Archives Documents on Tuberculosis and Fight Against Tuberculosis in the Early Republican Period in Turkiye

Purpose: To share information obtained as a result of examination of archival documents related to tuberculosis and the fight against tuberculosis between 1923-1938. Method: Study, which is a qualitative research, was designed as a document analysis. Previous publications on subject were examined. State Archives Republican Archives Catalogue was scanned. Documents found were analysed. Selected documents were included in study. Study covers the period of Atatürk (1923-1938). Results: In early Republican period, Turkiye gave importance to fight against tuberculosis together with infectious diseases such as malaria, trachoma and syphilis. successful works initiated in Ottoman period were continued and additional works were initiated according to new practices and principles. Tuberculosis and fight against tuberculosis were discussed in "National Turkish Medical Congresses". In following period, main theme of the 11th Congress would be tuberculosis. The Ministry of Health has defined a concept for the fight against infectious diseases and implemented it. Guideline on fight against tuberculosis has started to be published. New dispensaries and sanatoriums were built. Efforts were made to increase existing bed capacity. use of BCG vaccine was introduced. New facilities were built at "Central Institute of Hygine" to start vaccine production. Participation in international exhibitions and congresses was ensured. Arrangements were made regarding the staff and salaries of doctors and nurses, and new civil servant positions were created for the fight against tuberculosis. Conclusion: It would not be wrong to say that works carried out in early Republican period were a stepping stone for the great successes to be achieved in the fight against tuberculosis in future.

Regulation on the Position of the State Civil Apparatus in the General Sorting of Indonesia

This study examines the regulation of the position of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the context of General Elections (Pemilu) in Indonesia. This research uses normative juridical method with qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Regulations on the position of civil servants are very clearly regulated in the legislation on how to regulate civil servants to be more optimal in supporting government activities to benefit the community as much as possible and be fair and always maintain neutrality in elections. Based on the results of the study, there are several regulations governing the position of civil servants in elections in Indonesia, namely the 1945 Constitution, the Civil Service Law, the Election Law, the Corps Life Government Regulation and the Civil Servant Code of Ethics, the Government Regulation on Civil Servant Discipline, and the Circular Letter of the Chairman of KASN concerning the Neutrality of Civil Servants.

Penerapan Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Pengadilan Negeri Ambon

Introduction: The position of civil servants has a strategic role in governance. Civil servants as an instrument of government are very central because they carry and carry out components of government regulations and policies to realize the goals of the state. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of irregularities in the implementation of duties or violations of the behavior of court officials, it is necessary to carry out continuous supervision and guidance by each direct superior to his subordinates.
 Purposes of the Research: to review and analyze the implementation of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Discipline for Civil Servants at the Ambon District Court.
 Methods of the Research: normative juridical research, namely a research in the field of law that aims to examine legal principles, legal principles and legal systematics. The legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The problem approach used in this study is the statutory approach, and the conceptual approach.
 Results of the Research: Discipline violations are any words, writings, or actions of civil servants that do not comply with their obligations and/or violate the prohibition of civil servant disciplinary provisions. In November 2021 one ASN PN Ambon disobeyed obligations and violated the prohibition on civil servant disciplinary provisions both carried out inside and outside working hours by using Office Cooperative money and other deductions that were taken intentionally to be used to play online gambling and used to fulfill needs the day-to-day family according to the reasons conveyed by the civil servant, the husband of the civil servant stated that the money taken by his wife was not to meet the daily needs of the house.

Penerapan Sistem Merit dalam Mutasi Jabatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Kantor Camat Sungai Beremas Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

This research aim of being able to describe how the Implementation of the Merit System in Transfers of Civil Servant Positions at the Sungai Beremas Sub-district Office, West Pasaman Regency and to find out the Inhibiting Factors and Also whether there are supporting factors in the implementation of the System the merits. The application of the merit system at the Sungai Beremas Subdistrict Office, Pasaman Regency in implementing promotion of positions prioritizes employees who have managerial competence and technical competence. Promotions are given to employees who have above average abilities. It is hoped that this will provide competition for employees to improve performance in their respective work units at the Sungai Beremas District Office, Pasaman Regency. The obstacle faced in the implementation of the Merit System in Sungai Beremas District, West Pasaman Regency, is the replacement of the Head of Sub-District Head at the Sungai Beremas District Office, Pasamanya Regency, once every 5 years. With the substitution of this Camat, of course there will be other management changes. Then the Camat's Commitment as PPK emphasizes loyalty rather than qualifications, education, competence and performance. So that sometimes employees do not know their main duties, because they are not experts in the field, with the Camat's commitment as PPK which places more emphasis on loyalty than qualifications, education, competence and performance.

The Modern Russian Leader in the Representations of Civil Servants

The article analyzes the results of the study of the content and structure of public servants’ representations about the most characteristic personal and activity properties of modern Russian leaders. The relevance of the research is determined, on the one hand, by the requirements of modern management practice to the structure of personal and activity characteristics of managers at all levels and in any field, and on the other hand, by the significance of social representations as subjective factors in the formation of relations between participants in managerial interactions and increasing the productivity of their joint activities. A questionnaire based on the method of free descriptions was used as a diagnostic tool. When processing the received data, content analysis and a set of statistical methods were used. The concepts identified with the help of content analysis describe the personal and activity properties of the head, which act as subjective factors that contribute to or hinder the implementation of the functions of the head as a subject of management. The analysis and generalization of the research results made it possible to obtain a psychological portrait of a modern Russian leader from the position of civil servants. It is shown that the most characteristic for the modern Russian leader in the view of the study participants are personal and activity properties related to the spheres of goal-setting and goal-attainment, communication and interaction and subjectivity. The hierarchically organized structure of representations of civil servants about the most characteristic personal and activity properties of modern Russian leaders is described. It is established that the core of ideas includes seven characteristics of a modern Russian leader (purposefulness, competence, education, responsibility, ability to assume the function of a leader, determination, sociability), which are complemented by personal and activity properties included in the semi-periphery of ideas (authoritarianism, benevolence, charisma, fairness, activity, self-confidence, stress tolerance, demanding, honest). It is also shown that part of the periphery of the ideas of the study participants are personal and activity characteristics, which largely contradict those that entered the core and semi-periphery. The practical significance of the research is connected with the fact that the identification of the content and structure of ideas about the most characteristic personal and activity properties of modern Russian leaders opens up great prognostic opportunities for use in the framework of personnel work, as well as in the process of individual counseling of management personnel and psychological support of their professional activities.

Developing digital module of intermediate writing subject in virtual class (V-Class) unila learning management system in English Education Study Program University of Lampung

The objective of the research is to develop digital module of Intermediate writing subject in Virtual Class (V-Class) Unila Learning Management System (LMS) English Education Study Program University of Lampung. This issue concerns the author, since the digital module of Intermediate Writing subject is not yet available. Due to the covid-19 pandemic which had been outbreak, the activities of teaching and learning must be implemented online at that time. The lecturers of Unila were assigned to utilize Virtual Class (V-Class) as a Learning Management System to accommodate teaching. Unavailability of integrated materials in V-Class became the problem occurred. The author made the idea to develop Digital Module for Intermediate Writing subject to tackle this problem. The research consists of several procedures that has been conducted such as: 1) Conducting a survey of students which is divided into three stages of activity, namely, making a questionnaire, distributing questionnaires, and analysing questionnaires, 2) Conducting literature review, 3) Developing e-RPS, 4) Making digital modules, 5) Determining the validator who will validate the digital module, 6) Validation of digital modules (expert judgment), 7) Finalization and socialization of digital modules, 8) Evaluation and follow-up. The methodology of this research was Research (R) and development (D) which comprises survey, expert validation, try-out and evaluation as research and develop learning contract, lesson planning in online version (e-RPS), digital module as doing development part. The result of the research is that there are several products that has been made such as Power Point Presentation (PPT), learning video, materials which uploaded in V-Class and integrated with other online materials and online learning contract and lesson planning (e-RPS). Besides, the learning contract/course outline and lesson plan (e-RPS) were appropriately made and adapted with the new curriculum and the situation while fighting pandemic era. The development of Digital Module on the UNILA V-Class LMS for the Intermediate Writing Course of the English Education Study Program has several impacts, individually it is able to improve technical competence and provide learning innovations. In groups, learning outcomes can be achieved maximally, effectiveness in online learning, and increase students’ motivation. Organizationally, it can improve the quality of the institution and increase public trust in the institution. This research was done as a report of the implementation of the actualization of basic training participant which implemented basic values of the civil servant. The hope is that there is an internalization of the basic values of Civil Servant (ASN) into the author and can also implement the role and position of Civil Servant (ASN) in the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: digital module, virtual class, Intermediate writing subject, Actualization of Civil Servant

Development of Career Patterns of Civil Servants in the Human Resources Staff Unit of the National Police

The existence of civil servants in the National Police institution is something unique and distinctive because in the National Police organization, the position of civil servants is in one organization with the National Police in all units of the National Police in charge of carrying out administrative activities and tasks that require special expertise to support the activities of the National Police. For civil servants of the National Police, personnel regulations apply to the National Police and personnel regulations regulated by BKN. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of the lack of optimal implementation of career patterns for civil servants in the Human Resources Staff (SSDM) of the National Police and provide a description related to career pattern models that are more professional and appropriate for civil servants in SSDM Polri which can be used as a career pattern model for National Police Civil Servants. This research uses a mix method approach, quantitative data collection which is then deepened qualitatively through interviews, observations and collection of supporting documents. The result is that the career pattern of civil servants in the Human Resources Staff Work Unit is constrained by human resource management governance in the aspects of planning, organizing, procuring and directing, developing and integrating. A more provective career pattern model obtained from the results of discussion and analysis in this study is the placement of civil servants in predetermined functional and structural positions, the implementation of internships for employees who newly recruited, implementation of performance evaluation for promotion followed by attending education and training in accordance with the field of work, providing space and opportunities to actualize themselves to the duties and responsibilities that given in order to be promoted to the top posotion intended for civil servant after attending a series of education and training for competency development.

PENGARUH PRESTASI KERJA TERHADAP PROMOSI JABATAN PNS PADA KANTOR KECAMATAN PITUMPANUA KABUPATEN WAJO

This research was conducted at the Pitumpanua District Office, Wajo Regency by raising the research problem about the Effect of Work Performance on the Promotion of Civil Servant Positions at the Pitumpanua District Office, Wajo Regency. The population in this study were all civil servants at the Pitumpanua District Office, Wajo Regency, totaling 17 people. This type of research is a census research type with a quantitative research approach, which intends to test the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, namely work performance on the promotion of civil servant positions at the Pitumpanua District Office, Wajo Regency.

Theoretical and legal aspects of combating corruption in Ukraine

It was determined that corruption is a complex not only legal, but also social phenomenon. The factors of successful anti-corruption have long been known and tested by the international community. These are, first of all, openness of government,transparency and clarity of state decision-making procedures, effective mechanisms of control over the activities of state bodies by civil society, freedom of speech, freedom and independence of mass media.Under the conditions of large-scale corruption, the emphasis is on the elimination of the causes, and not on the fight against specific manifestations.Thus, for the legal systems of some developed countries, the use of the term «struggle» in the legislation is not characteristic at all - the legislators lay down in the normative legal act the principles of the prevention of offenses related to a certain sphere of activity.
 It was established that the formation of the content of the concept of undue advantage in the legislation of Ukraine is influenced by two different factors at once: 1) a broad understanding of this term in accordance with the tradition of the EU countries and 2) a narrow understanding in accordance with the tradition of the majority of CIS member states and the Istanbul Action Plan.In the author’s understanding, corruption is a socially dangerous phenomenon caused by the crisis features of the country’s social development, which is characterized by a deliberate violation of legal and ethical norms in the exercise of power by officials, on the one hand, and by interested subjects, on the other, which leads to negative consequences in all spheres of social life. This term is broader than the interpretation of the concept of corruption in the current legislation and in the concepts of many scientists, but it covers the main approaches to understanding the concept of corruption as a phenomenon. At the same time, it is possible to formulate the basis of the characteristics of the concept of corruption - the violation of social norms in the process of exercising power.At the same time, the concept of corruption without the element of exercise of power cannot be applied, since the process of exercise of power is the main categorical element of the concept of corruption. In normative acts, it is necessary to generalize the conceptual structure of corruption not as a crime, but as a phenomenon, because the processes that objectively exist in society, caused by the abuse of the official position of civil servants, need to be covered by this concept of various spheres of society’s life, in particular, political, socioeconomic and cultural and humanitarian. Such a state of affairs arises when, as a result of improper prevention and fight against the phenomenon of corruption, a subculture is formed among civil servants who equate civil service with the possibility of systematically using the official position for personal gain.In the future, the concept of the phenomenon of corruption must continue to be studied at the interdisciplinary level, when the methodological apparatus of political, economic and complex humanities will make it possible to categorically enrich legal science in the process of effective comprehensive interpretation of the concept of «corruption».

“Local cooperation has been the cornerstone”: facilitators and barriers to resilience in a decentralized health system during COVID-19 in Finland

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to elucidate facilitators and barriers to health system resilience and resilient responses at local and regional levels during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized a qualitative research approach and conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 32) with study participants representing five different regions in Finland. Study participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. All study participants had been in management and civil servant positions during the first year of the pandemic, representing municipalities, municipalities' social and healthcare services, hospital districts and regional state administrative agencies. All interviews were completed remotely from April to December 2021 and the recordings transcribed verbatim. The authors coded the transcripts in ATLAS.ti 9.1 using directed content analysis.FindingsThe findings highlighted a wide range of localized responses to the pandemic in Finland. Facilitators to health system resilience included active networks of cooperation, crisis anticipation, transitioning into crisis leadership mode, learning how to incorporate new modes of operation, as well as relying on the competencies and motivation of health workforce. The authors found several barriers to health system resilience, including fragmented organization and management particularly in settings where integrated health care systems were not in place, insufficient preparedness to a prolonged crisis, lack of reliable information regarding COVID-19, not having plans in place for crisis communication, pandemic fatigue, and outflux of health workforce to other positions with better compensation and working conditions.Originality/valueFactors affecting health system resilience are often studied at the aggregate level of a nation. This study offers insights into what resilient responses look like from the perspective of local and regional actors in a decentralized health system. The results highlight that local capacities and context matter greatly for resilience. The authors call for more nuanced analyses on health systems and health system resilience at the sub-national level.

The influence of occupational values on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants: The mediating role of political efficacy.

At present, civil servant positions have become the main employment target of many college students in China, and there is a deep motivation behind this phenomenon. This research conducted an empirical study on college students in 2022 with 566 valid data by using the convenience sampling method. The occupational values scale, political efficacy scale, and the willingness to apply for civil servants scale were used. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and common method deviation were performed by SPSS 26.0 to test the reliability of each scale and the discriminant validity of variables. In addition, the structural equation model and bias-corrected bootstrap were used to explore the influence of occupational values on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants and analyze the mediating role of political efficacy. The results show that: (1) The dimensions of career stability, prestige value, and public service motivation of occupational values have significant positive impacts on college students' willingness to apply for civil servants, among which public service motivation has the most significant impact. (2) Occupational values have significant positive impacts on college students' political efficacy. (3) Political efficacy has a significant positive impact on the college students' willingness to apply for civil servants. (4) Political efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the transmission path of occupational values and willingness to apply for civil servants. These findings further clarify the logical relationship between occupational values and civil servants' willingness, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for college educators to implement college students' career education.

The Employment of People with Disabilities as Office Employees in the Public Administration in Poland

Unemployment among people with disabilities of working age is a problem throughout Europe, including Poland. Here, the national employment rate is only 26.5%, almost twice as low as the European Union average. Private sector is the main workplace for people with disabilities in Poland. In the last decade, hope for improvement in the employment situation of this social group has been discerned in the public sector. Legislation obliging employers to employ people with disabilities and giving people with disabilities priority in public sector employment was expected to mobilize them. The article verifies the compliance of the state of practice with the current law within the framework of the title issue. The article presents basic legal regulations in the field of employment of people with disabilities in the public administration including civil service, both international and national. It then presents the recruitment procedure for civil servant positions in the public administration. The paper concludes with a presentation of the state of the practice of hiring people with disabilities in the public administration, distinguishing between systemic barriers, barriers on the part of public employers and barriers on the part of people with disabilities.

Testing a model of Thai nurses' intent to stay in employment.

To test the causal model of intent to stay in employment of nurses in regional medical centers. Effectiveness and quality of nursing care are determined by an adequate number of nursing staff; however, there is an ongoing challenge of nursing shortage. Improving nurses' intention to remain in employment is an effective way to address the problem of nursing shortage. This study employed a cross-sectional design. The sample was 1224 registered nurses from nine regional medical centers across Thailand, selected using multistage random sampling. Data were collected between January and July 2019 and analyzed with structural equation modeling. The final model could explain 40.3% of the variance in intent to stay. Transformational leadership, coworker support, professional autonomy, opportunities for promotion, marital status, and job satisfaction positively affected intent to stay, while burnout negatively affected intent to stay. This indicates that seven factors that should be considered by nurse managers in developing a framework for constructing interventions to increase nurses' intention to continue working in their organization. Nurse managers should strengthen the intent to stay of nurses by providing consultations, building a positive work atmosphere, and encouraging nurse leaders to apply transformational leadership behaviors to the organizational administration. Policymakers should consider enacting policies and regulations for nurses' benefits, such as allocating civil servant positions to temporary nursing staff, expanding the framework of career advancement to a senior professional position, and considering salary and overtime pay, to increase nurses' intent to stay in an organization.

Kontrol Negara Terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil (Studi Atas Peraturan Pemerintah No.10 Tahun 1983 Jo No.45 Tahun 1990 Tentang Perkawinan)

This study explains how the state controls the Civil Servants (PNS). The research uses the Library Research method with the type of normative legal research through a statute approach. The method used is to analyze the laws and regulations and the Presidential Decree (PP). There are three forms of regulatory data analyzed, first, primary data consisting of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Law No. 8 of 1974 concerning Basic Personnel, Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning ASN, Law No. 17 of 2014 concerning the MPR, DPR, DPD, DPRD PP No. 10 of 1983 in conjunction with PP No. 45 of 1990 concerning Marriage and Divorce Permits for Civil Servants. Second Secondary which consists of legal writings, expert opinion focused on family law. The second secondary data consists of legal writings, expert opinions focused on family law. Third, tertiary data, information obtained from primary and secondary legal materials; legal dictionaries, world encyclopedias, and also the Big Indonesian Dictionary in order to provide an understanding of the terms used by the law. The approach in this study uses the theory of the state, law and function in looking at the position of civil servants and the involvement of the state in regulating marriage for civil servants. The results of this study indicate that there are two forms of state interest in regulating the behavior of civil servants; 1) political loyalty, 2) sexuality restrictions on civil servants (PNS).

Does human resource knowledge moderate the effect of good governance and regional financial performance?

This study aims to examine the effect of professionalism, accountability, transparency, excellent service, participation, and rule of law on the regional financial performance of East Tanjung Jabung regency moderated by human resource knowledge. This research was conducted on 89 respondents in 28 OPDs of the Government of East Tanjung Jabung Regency. The data analysis method used SEM-PLS with the WarpPLS 7.0 application. The results of this study indicated that the principles of good governance which referred to Government Regulation Number 101 of 2000 concerning Education and Training for Civil Servant Positions that can positively affect the regional financial performance of East Tanjung Jabung Regency include professionalism, accountability, and participation. Meanwhile, the principles of transparency, excellent service, and rule of law have not been able to maximally affect the regional financial performance of East Tanjung Jabung Regency. Human resource knowledge as a moderating variable was able to strengthen several variables from the principles of good governance, namely human resource knowledge was able to strengthen the effect of professionalism, accountability, transparency, and excellent service. However, the result of research on human resource knowledge was also unable to moderate the effect of participation and rule of law on regional financial performance.

Implementasi Disiplin Aparatur Sipil Negara Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 Tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil

The position of Civil Servants (PNS) is vital and determines the success of the government's mission. One of the factors considered important is creating a clean and authoritative state apparatus, namely the discipline of civil servants. To discipline Civil Servants, the government issued Government Regulation No. 53/2010 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. The purpose of this study was to determine and study: (1) the implementation of the Discipline of the State Civil Apparatus at the Cakrabhuwana Airport Office in Cirebon, and (2) the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Discipline of the State Civil Apparatus at the Cakrabhuwana Airport Office in Cirebon. This research approach is a combination of normative legal research with empirical legal research,.Namely, this research examines data based on existing norms regarding the implementation of Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. All data obtained from the research results were analyzed qualitatively, then presented descriptively based on the existing problem formulations, and finally, a conclusion was drawn. The results showed that: (1) in implementing the work discipline enforcement of employees at the Cirebon Cakrabhuwana Airport Office refers to Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 concerning Civil Servant Work Discipline. When there are civil servants who violate disciplinary rules, they will be subject to disciplinary sanctions or penalties according to the type of violation committed. The imposition of sanctions or disciplinary penalties for civil servants who violate discipline is carried out by direct superiors as long as they are under their authority, and (2) factors that affect the implementation of discipline enforcement of Civil Servants at the Cirebon Cakrabhuwana Airport Office are divided into 2 (two). First, the supporting factors are the factors of rules (law), facilities and infrastructure, and respect for Civil Servants. Second, the inhibiting factor is the self-awareness of Civil Servants and the budget factor.

Türk Kadınının İlk Defa “Polis” Olması

This study examined the process through which Turkish women become police officers together with the enforcement of this right throughout the world. In the 19th century, radical changes occurred in domestic security throughout the world, and military organizations withdrew from this field with the development of an understanding of the law and the democratic state. Internal security services have been increasingly provided by civilians, and well-equıpped law enforcement and police agencies have been established around the world. Women, who are accepted as an important part of society, have taken their places in police organizations over time. The first female police recruitment was a matter of wonder in the Turkish Police Organization, which was established with 46 male soldiers in 1845. The main data sources of this study were periodicals, especially the Police Journal. Otoman Archive documents and EGM Archive documents were also used. Our study covers the 1930s during which Turkish women became police officers for the first time. The first female police recruitment process in Turkey has been revealed. Although female officers were employed in different civil servant positions within the police organization during the Ottoman period, it was concluded that recruitment of female police officers was conducted for the first time during the Atatürk Period of Turkish history. Turkish womens’ entry into the police force should be regarded as an important revolutionary movement and its anniversary should be celebrated every year.

Pengawasan Terhadap Penggunaan Kendaraan Dinas di Instansi Pemerintah

The Indonesian state adheres to the Presidential system of government. In running the government, a president is assisted by his staff. We call this line of government. The government that we often know as Civil Servants. The position of civil servants has an important role carrying out government functions in a country. Based on this there are formulations of the problem as follows: (1) How to regulate the use of official vehicles in government agencies (2) How to monitor the use of official vehicles in Government Agencies. This type of research used is the type of normative legal research, the discussion conducted by the study of legal materials. Analysis of legal material uses legal interpretation, namely providing interpretation in terms of law. Based on the results of the study that regulations related to the use of official vehicles in government agencies are regulated in ministerial regulations and further regulated by each region in the form of governor regulations or regional regulations and Supervision of vehicle use in government agencies is carried out by Direct and Indirect Supervision . In addition to paying attention to the products of the laws and regulations, also pay attention including official vehicles, are not misused.