Civil Protection System Research Articles

METHODS AND MODELS OF SAFETY-FOCUSED STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT IN CIVIL PROTECTION PROJECTS

The information analysis of successful practices of implementation of life safety projects was conducted, which allowed determining necessary models and methods of safety-focused stakeholders management in civil protection projects. Fire risk assessment at public gathering places has shown that the risks of human deaths in such structures to a large extent depend on the duration of the maximum permissible values of dangerous fire factors, which make it impossible to conduct safe evacuation of people. Improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the program for the creation and development of a security system at public gathering places, which include protective structures, requires the use of methods and models based on the use of information technology, system approach and security-focused man-agement. To construct stakeholder management models, based on the analysis of causative relationships and the use of the Japanese P2M knowledge system, a conceptual model of security-focused project management in the civil protec-tion system was initially constructed, which takes into account: the state of the turbulent environment of civil protection projects implementation, scale of emergency situation, key factors for the success of civil protection projects implemen-tation, regulatory framework of Ukraine and world methodologies for project management, physiological and physio-logical condition of people, strategic objectives, and performance indicators. Stakeholder management models reflect the evacuation routes of traffic flows from the public gathering places to the shelter facility, as well as the parameters that influence the movement of people in separate evacuation areas that need to be taken into account when calculating the time of implementation of civil protection projects. Using system analysis and topological synthesis of flexible technological lines, the mathematical apparatus describing the stakeholder management in civil protection project, the requirements of the regulatory framework for ensuring safety of people in protective structures, the calculation of opti-mal placement of people in the shelter facilities, which makes it possible to implement the project of ensuring the safety of people at the public gathering places in the neighborhood of the Lviv State University of Life Safety.

Linking Flood Susceptibility Mapping and Governance in Mexico for Flood Mitigation: A Participatory Approach Model

In many countries of the world, floods continue to cause extensive damage to people and properties. This is also the case of Mexico, where meteorological phenomena cause flooding every year. In order to mitigate continuous losses and damages, crucial tools like hazard maps are essential for prevention. This review article analyzes the main reasons for the shortcomings on disasters caused by floods in Mexico. We argue that strong linking between the realm of technical hazard mappings and local governance as an integrated approach to manage disasters can be a basis for a new prevention policy in Mexico. This consideration is achieved through the description of the available information on the meteorological events that have caused major damage in recent years and the analysis of the interventions carried out at decision-making level by the government and the national civil protection system. The application that hazard maps have in the world and their usefulness is also discussed. From the analysis carried out it emerges that the inefficiency of the system in preventing damage caused by floods in Mexico is due to both the lack of high-level expertise in hazard maps design and the lack of their use in decision-making policies at the local level.

Architecture of emergency medical services in Germany

In part I, the emergency medical services (EMS) which is part of the public protection system in Germany that works together with police and fire departments is described. Both the development of the EMS and the public protection system are examined. The public protection system of fire departments and EMS is structured into a system for everyday use and an additional system for major accidents and disasters (civil protection system). Fire departments protect people from “external (technical) threats”, while EMS mainly treat and protect from “illness and injuries (internal threats).” The associations and interactions between these actors are described. This article is freely accessible via the “Editors Pick” Choice.

Державне управління у сфері цивільного захисту: грані міжнародного співробітництва в контексті євроінтеграції України

Проаналізовано стан міжнародного співробітництва України у сфері цивільного захисту. Основний акцент зроблено на співробітництві в рамках Європейського Союзу, Організації Північноатлантичного договору. Обґрунтовано та запропоновано шляхи подальшого поглиблення співробітництва в межах Механізму цивільного захисту Європейського Союзу, двостороннього співробітництва з країнами-членами Європейського Союзу.

LEGISLATIVE MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL DEFENSE DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The article explores theoretical and practical issues of civil protection as an object of the public administration system in Ukraine regarding the use of the organizational and legal mechanism of public administration and administration. The categories and public relations in the field of emergency risk management are revealed, in particular, the theoretical achievements and views of scientists on the status and goals of the civil protection management system (mechanisms) in Ukraine are investigated The purpose of the article. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the categories of “organizational and legal mechanism”, “civil protection (CP)” and “public risk management” as separate management categories, the definition of which is related to the use of modern mechanisms and methods (tools) public administration in the country. Investigate the latest theoretical studies and positions of Ukrainian authors on the formation of organizational and legal mechanisms (legislation) in the field of CP in the context of reforming the entire national governance system, in particular in the security field. Scientific novelty. In work with the use of modern methods of knowledge, taking into account the latest achievements of the science of public administration, the theoretical issues of organizational and legal support of the functioning of the mechanisms of public administration and administration are investigated. The theoretical understanding of the content of the category “organizational and legal mechanism”, “civil protection” and “public risk management” is substantiated, namely, the necessity of updating and modernization of organizational and legal mechanisms of public administration and administration is substantiated. The article examines the directions of development of the CP Institute in Ukraine and theoretically proves that the modern purpose of the process of improving the efficiency of the CP is to reform and update the regulatory support of the decentralized management model of the CP in Ukraine. Conclusions. As a result, the scientific provisions on the improvement of the use of public management mechanisms in the field of CP are substantiated, which are still in the initial stage. It is established that in the present conditions the leading normative legal act in this sphere is the Code of Civil Protection, which regulates relations related to the protection of the population, territories, environment and property from emergencies, responding to them, functioning of the unified state system of civil protection. The Code eliminates contradictions and duplication of legislation, the separation of powers and functions of central and local executive bodies, economic entities, and defines in a single legislative act the basis of state policy in the field of civil protection, but today it needs to be changed and updated.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE IN CASE OF RADIATION ACCIDENT

In Ukraine the activities aimed at prevention of radioactive accidents are conducted on a high level. Among these, a system of preparedness and emergency response is of great importance.
 This work describes the experience of collaboration of central executive authorities, functional and territorial subsystems of general state civil protection system and operating organizations within the framework of the system of preparedness and emergency response to radiation and nuclear accidents. This is done for popularization and using of this experience in other spheres of man-made safety.
 An important aspect of management of radiation emergencies is the ability to respond immediately and adequately, that is, emergency response. This requires is to identify the response strategy in accordance with the dynamic of the situation, namely: needs in organizing protective measures, actions for protection the population and emergency personnel, using of all available information for the assessment of radiation situation.
 Emergency Response is defined by IAEA as implementation of measures aimed at reducing the disaster consequences for human health and safety and environment. It can also provide the basis for renovation of normal social and economic activity.
 Accidents with radioactive sources or materials are a broad category, including a source found or radioactive material, contaminated areas or objects, unprotected sources, accidents in laboratories, on industrial or scientific facilities, as well as transport accidents.
 In case of nuclear or radiation emergency on the operating nuclear stations of Ukraine, central and local authorities should, in accordance with the local legislation, make decisions and act based on the existing institutional and territorial plans, taking into consideration the recommendations of IAEA and operating organization, as well as regulations of other responsible institutions.
 The data of analysis identified that priority and prospective tasks of functioning and development of the system of Emergency preparedness and response to radiation accidents in Ukraine are prevention and liquidation of nuclear and/or radiation accidents.

REGULATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A GENERAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN A SPECIAL PERIOD

The research article examines the issues of increasing the readiness and efficiency of the functioning of a single state civil protection system (SSСPS). Ensuring implementation of state policy in the field of civil protection is carried out by the SSСPS. The main objective of the SSСPS is to ensure the readiness of the central and local executive authorities, the forces and means subordinated to them for actions aimed at preventing and responding to man-made, natural, social and military emergencies.
 The most difficult regime of the functioning of the SSСPS - the regime of martial law (special period) is established in the event of armed aggression or the threat of an attack on the state. A feature of this mode is in a volume that sharply grows amount of emergencies, human and material losses.
 The article defines the quantitative criterion (indicator) of the level of functioning of the SSСPS, which enables to evaluate the functioning of the SSСPS with the given forces, means and time of the assessment of functioning. Mathematical model allows you to calculate how much and who should formations and units in order to provide a level of performance sufficient SSСPS (adopted) level for a given time and that should be performance units to ensure recovery operation SSСPS to a specified level.

Civil protection in Italy - coping with multiple disasters

ABSTRACTIn Italy, 2017 was a period of intense natural disasters but also of laboured reforms to the national civil protection system, which was under strain after a series of damaging earthquakes and other extreme events. The 2009 L’Aquila earthquake cast a long shadow in terms of the aftermath of the (ultimately unsuccessful) prosecution of members of the National Major Risks Commission for providing misleading information on seismic risk. The trial involved some serious issues of trust in government and science, but it also stimulated the authorities to look more closely at building public warning systems. Recovery solutions applied to L’Aquila were not followed in the aftermath of the later central Apennine earthquakes, which returned to models that had been current in 1980, particularly those involving growth poles. While emergency response remains Italy’s forte, there is little progress in insuring people against natural perils. How to achieve the transition from response to prevention remains a largely unanswered question.

The role of media in community resilience: Hindsight bias in media narratives after the 2014 Genoa flood

Abstract Aim: A massive flood due to exceptional rainfalls devastated the town of Genoa on 9 October 2014. Media reports focused on the disaster, its causes and the political accountabilities. Reading facts after the event is commonly biased by the hindsight perspective and the aim of the paper is to investigate the amount and the potential effects of hindsight bias in terms of citizens risk perception and community resilience. Method: We performed a qualitative analysis of the narratives in the national and local news reports during the aftermath to investigate occurrences of a blaming attitude and cognitive biases. Results: The results showed a considerable amount of sentences that were focused on blaming the forecasters, the Civil Protection System, and the local administration. Many narratives were affected by hindsight bias and described the events as simple and linear chain reactions. This led to counterfactual biases, assuming that a simple intervention on a single factor could have prevented the tragic outcome. Conclusion: We claim that the biased nature of the media narratives could affect the citizens’ risk perception and their attitude towards the institutions, increasing their exposure to future flood-related threats. We propose the appropriate language would generate correct cognitive frames and, therefore, safer behaviour.

The effectiveness of national and EU-level civil protection systems: evidence from 17 member states

ABSTRACT A number of high profile crises and disasters have driven the EU to increase cooperation among its member states in the area of civil protection and to enhance its capacity to conduct civil protection operations in Europe and around the world. However, in the light of recent transboundary crises in the EU, manifested by the refugee crisis, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters, it is far from clear how effective such cooperative EU arrangements can be due to differences in the way national civil protection has been organized and due to the question of whether sufficient trust exists within and between the involved organizations. In this article, drawing from a unique study of civil protection agencies in 17 EU member states, and utilizing theories on crisis management, public administration and trust, we shed light on the factors that promote national and EU-level effectiveness in civil protection and crisis management.

Перспективы создания государственной системы гражданской защиты

Дана характеристика существующих зарубежных государственных систем защиты населения от чрезвычайных ситуаций в мирное и военное время. Рассмотрена возможность создания в Беларуси и предложена структурная схема государственной системы гражданской защиты, выполняющей функции защиты населения от чрезвычайных ситуаций как в мирное, так и военное время.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВІТНІМИ ПРОЕКТАМИ В БЕЗПЕКО-ОРІЄНТОВАНИХ СИСТЕМАХ ЗАСОБАМИ ВІРТУАЛЬНОГО СИТУАЦІЙНОГО ЦЕНТРУ

In the article a thorough analysis of the conducted researches on the implementation of information and web-technologies in educational projects has been conducted. It allowed to form the problems of the formation of a safe-oriented culture and to form the relevance of conducting research on the implementation of an educational project for the creation of a virtual situational centre. The profiling of project mission of "Virtual situational centre for the formation of a security-oriented culture" which defines the main vectors of the project's development was formulated and described. For creation of virtual situational centre online platform for the development of a security-oriented culture, the Moodle system has been used. The use of this system, distributed under the GPL license and verified by international practice, is a significant advantage of using the virtual situational centre for formation of a security-oriented culture, in addition to provide efficient access to electronic teaching materials at a user-friendly time. The main criteria of educational projects functioning effectiveness are determined, which allow to substantiate the configuration of educational projects in the system of vocational education. The communicational model of project management of a virtual situational centre implementation, which describes the dependencies of creating a virtual situational centre and the functioning of its components, has been formed. The influence of the project environment on the project of a virtual situational centre creating and the consequences of its influence on the success of the centre’s implementation was explored. Practical results from the implementation of the educational project of the virtual situational centre are described and the didactic possibilities of using the online platform of the centre are presented. There are formed the additions to the terminology database of management the projects, programs and portfolios of projects by introducing new definitions. The result of the study is the implementation of an Internet platform with educational projects for specialists in the civil protection service, which will form a safe-oriented culture and promote the implementation of cross-border projects for the integration of the civil protection system of Ukraine into European security structures to ensure the safety of the vital activities of the population and territories.

ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ОБ’ЄКТИВАЦІЇ НОРМАТИВНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ КЕРІВНИКА РОБІТ І ШТАБУ З ЛІКВІДАЦІЇ НАСЛІДКІВ НАДЗВИЧАЙНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ

Problem setting. The global trend of growth in the disaster risk is largely associated with climate change, manifested in an increase in the intensity and frequency of the occurrence of destructive storms, increasing extreme temperatures, changes in precipitation characteristics, etc. It is assumed that the disaster risk due to global transformations will increase significantly in the near future. Domestic researchers acknowledge that the natural and manmade emergencies risks in Ukraine are constantly increasing. Therefore, the state, in the person of the authorities and individual officials, must ensure the consistent implementation of a set of measures aimed at regulating natural and man-made security, in particular, the liquidation of emergency consequences, as well as recovery. Recent research and publications analysis. The problems of ensuring the readiness of the unified state civil protection system to liquidation of emergency consequences are discussed in a number of scientific papers. Certain aspects of regulating relations in the emergency situation regime and the legal grounds for introducing such a regime has been outlined in the scientific works of such scholars as S.A.Andreev, P.B.Volyansky, N.G.Klimenko, A.S.Pronevich, A.V.Terent'eva et al. Some questions concerning the organization of the work of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation in the event of such situations were considered by A.A.Gavaz, R.V.Gudak, A.D.Gudovich, D.I.Leshko, V.I.Mazurenko, I.P.Sokolovsky and others. At the same time, the normative model of the appointment of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation was not the subject of a special study, what led to the choice of the topic. The paper objective is to develop proposals aimed at bringing the activities of the executive authorities on the established by the law requirements on the appointment of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation. The paper main body. The article examines the content of the normative model of the appointment of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation and the means of its implementation. Based on the assessment of the existing practice of implementing this regulatory model, gaps in the legislative regulation of the relevant legal relations have been identified. It is noted that the authorized subjects have disregarded the established requirements on the appointment of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation. In order to bring the actual activities of the executive authorities in line with the established norms, proposals have been formulated regarding the perfection of this normative model. Conclusions of the research. The normative model of the appointment of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation provides for mandatory administrative actions, namely the temporary installation of an emergency regime in a clearly defined territory, the appointment of the head of works for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation, and the transfer of the relevant components of the unified state civil protection system to the daily functioning regime after the liquidation of the consequences of an emergency. The presence of cases when the appointment of the head of works and the headquarters for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation does not happen indicates the need for a legislative settlement of the administrative responsibility of officials for non-compliance with legislative requirements, as well as in case of negative consequences from actions or inaction of the head of works for liquidating the consequences of emergency situation. Functions of supervision over observance of requirements of the legislation in case of occurrence of an emergency situation are proposed to be assigned to the body that decides on the appointment of such the head of works. It seems necessary to submit the relevant changes in the Code of Civil Defense of Ukraine and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses.

On building systems and improvement of activity of the state system of civil protection of Ukraine

On building systems and improvement of activity of the state system of civil protection of Ukraine

Problematic issues of regulatory and legal support of the civil protection administration system operation

This article examined the legislation of Ukraine as well as studies on public administration in the field of civil protection. It has been revealed that far too little attention has been paid to the problematic issues regarding the structure and tasks of the civil protection administration system which are not covered properly in the provisions of legislative and regulatory acts. Analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine that regulates public administration bodies and local self-governments in the field of civil protection was carried out. It is emphasized that in the legislative acts, the issues regarding the civil protection administration system and information and analysis system as its component are introduced in a fragmented manner, not in full.The provisions of legislative and regulatory acts in the field of civil protection shows controversy and duplication of tasks on emergency notification and informing the authorities as well as population including their training to act in emergency, on information and analytical support for decision-making under the circumstances as well. It is proposed to identify separately the analysis and information system of civil protection as a component of the civil protection administration system in the legislative acts.

Визначення раціонального методу функціонування системи інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення цивільного захисту

У статті запропоновано системний підхід до визначення раціонального методу функціонування системи інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення цивільного захисту. Науково обґрунтовано доцільність використання методу аналізу ієрархій для оцінювання системи інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення цивільного захисту у різних режимах функціонування. Виявлено, що у законодавчих актах та у попередніх наукових дослідженнях не розкрито методи функціонування системи інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення у їх взаємозв’язку з режимами функціонування єдиної державної системи цивільного захисту. Розроблено алгоритмічну модель визначення раціонального методу функціонуваннясистеми інформаційного забезпечення цивільного захисту на основі методу аналізу ієрархій

Armed Attack Situations over Sakishima Islands and Contemporary Issues of Japan's Civil Protection System: Focusing on the Situation of Full Evacuation from Islands and Role of Local Authorities

Armed Attack Situations over Sakishima Islands and Contemporary Issues of Japan's Civil Protection System: Focusing on the Situation of Full Evacuation from Islands and Role of Local Authorities

GB-InSAR monitoring of slope deformations in a mountainous area affected by debris flow events

Abstract. Diffuse and severe slope instabilities affected the whole Veneto region (north-eastern Italy) between 31 October and 2 November 2010, following a period of heavy and persistent rainfall. In this context, on 4 November 2010 a large detrital mass detached from the cover of the Mt. Rotolon deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD), located in the upper Agno River valley, channelizing within the Rotolon Creek riverbed and evolving into a highly mobile debris flow. The latter phenomena damaged many hydraulic works, also threatening bridges, local roads, and the residents of the Maltaure, Turcati, and Parlati villages located along the creek banks and the town of Recoaro Terme. From the beginning of the emergency phase, the civil protection system was activated, involving the National Civil Protection Department, Veneto Region, and local administrations' personnel and technicians, as well as scientific institutions. On 8 December 2010 a local-scale monitoring system, based on a ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GB-InSAR), was implemented in order to evaluate the slope deformation pattern evolution in correspondence of the debris flow detachment sector, with the final aim of assessing the landslide residual risk and managing the emergency phase. This paper describes the results of a 2-year GB-InSAR monitoring campaign (December 2010–December 2012) and its application for monitoring, mapping, and emergency management activities in order to provide a rapid and easy communication of the results to the involved technicians and civil protection personnel, for a better understanding of the landslide phenomena and the decision-making process in a critical landslide scenario.

Legal principles of information provision of the unified state system of civil protection of Ukraine

The article deals with the basic approaches to the solution of problems of increasing efficiency of the unified State civil protection system of Ukraine by means of information and legal support of its functioning. The author proves the need to improve the mechanisms of legal regulation in this sphere.

The crisis management system and the civil protection system. Similarities, differences, possibilities of standardisation

<i>Crisis management, civil protection and civil defence are terms which are used every day by theoreticians and practitioners. Are they really diff erent or are they synonyms? Using various research methods (analysis of expert literature, analysis of legal acts, comparison, synthesis and reasoning) in the following article, the author makes an attempt at providing answers to such questions. Th e article also presents the author’s opinion on the future of the above-mentioned systems, indicating that with some modifi cation and legal regulations, it would be possible to develop a uniform system which would be able to function effi ciently in crises, emergency situations, during armed confl icts or in a time of war, providing a proper level of management to all the operations involving civil protection and rescue services.</i>