Civil Engineering Disciplines Research Articles

A Substructure-based Model Updating Method to Damage Detection for Large-scale Structures

The health monitoring and damage detection of structures are major scientific issues that the civil engineering discipline, which made great achievements in the 20th century, has bequeathed to the 21st century. Despite the installation of health monitoring systems in many large structures, implementing damage detection through finite element model updating is often time-consuming or even infeasible due to the size of the model and the presence of numerous uncertain parameters. To address this issue, this paper proposes a substructure-based model updating method. The entire structure is divided into substructures with reduced degrees of freedom, allowing for the simplification of the motion equation by employing only a small number of low-order modes from each substructure. Consequently, the analysis scale of the structure is effectively reduced. The discarded higher modes are compensated by residual modes to ensure the accuracy of structural response and sensitivity. Subsequently, a damage identification program substructure-based model updating is developed, which is applied to component mode synthesis and damage identification for large structures. By precisely detecting damage in critical areas, accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the global structural safety are achieved. The results validate the implementation, computational efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed substructure-based model updating method. This approach shifts the focus from model updating of the entire structure to model updating of substructures, with the aim of fundamentally resolving the technical challenge of accurate damage detection of large and complex structures. Furthermore, it provides theoretical support for the practical application of damage detection in large civil structures.

EDITORIAL SCOPE: GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING EDITION

One of the main civil engineering disciplines is currently the focus area of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science, and Technology (JCEST): geotechnical and earthquake engineering. We are honoured to present this editorial focusing on the dynamic and evolving field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, with an emphasis on seismic soil-structure interaction (SSI). These studies offer valuable insights into novel design methodologies, materials, and analysis approaches, which are crucial for ensuring the safety and resilience of infrastructure. This editorial paper collected information from the freely-accessible SCOPUS database to identify common keywords used in published papers pertaining to geotechnical earthquake engineering from 2015 to 2023. The analysis reveals that the ‘seismic’ and ‘structure’ terms are the most frequently utilised keyword in articles related to this field. As the editors of our esteemed journal, it is our privilege to shed light on this critical area of research that plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and resilience of civil infrastructure subjected to seismic forces.

Implementing GIS and linear regression models to investigate partial building failures

One of the most dangerous field problems in the civil engineering discipline is the suddenly developed cracks in the building, which could be caused by the swelling of the subsurface soil. Thus, this work has focused on employing a procedure in the geographic information system known as the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique, to analyze the extent of cracks in a residential complex in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq using the physical and chemical soil data for seven boreholes from the field of the study. Physical soil parameters such as liquid limit (LL), gravel, sand, silt and clay percentages were characterized first, followed by chemical properties such as gypsum content (GYP), total suspended solids (TSS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and organic content (ORG). Furthermore, statistical studies such as plasticity index (PI) and soil characteristics association, linear single, and various linear multi-regression models were used. The data analysis shows that there are significantly positive and negative relationships between PI as a swelling indicator and the physical and chemical soil properties, although weak to moderate correlations were observed between PI and these variables. The PI values were accurately predicted by the proposed linear multi-regression models of the physical and integrated physical and chemical soil characteristics, with multiple R values of 0.92 for both models. As a result, the suggested statistical models can provide complete geographic and mechanical explanations for the crack sources in the investigated residential complex.

Preface

3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering Science (ICCES-2023) College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq 15-16 March 2023 The ICCES-2023 was a premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of civil engineering. The conference brought together leading researchers, engineers, and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. The main objective of ICCES-2023 was to provide a platform for civil engineers and scientists to discuss and share recent research findings in multi disciplines of civil engineering and for knowledge transfer.This conference is a periodic conference held every two years at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq and organized by Department of Roads and Transport Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering. It is an important event for university professors and postgraduate students in Iraq for continuous learning, sharing new findings and ideas, and also for making new connections for future collaborative research.The conference included an opening session have been done at the campus of the University of Al-Qadisiyah. The number of participants who attended the opening session was 300. The time of the opening session was about 90 minutes which included the opening ceremony and two keynote presentations by Professor Liberato Ferrara and Prof. Dr. Haitham Hassan Muteb.The conference also included 14 topical sessions that covered all of the conference topics. The researchers presented their work in these sessions for duration of 10 minutes for each presentation with extra five minutes to answer questions from the audience and to allow time for discussion and stimulating ideas. The total number of participants in the sessions was 300. The majority of the participants were from the well-known universities in Iraq. Also, there were participants from UK, Turkey, Iran. Russia, and Italy.This proceeding contains the peer-reviewed papers which have been presented in the conference. We hope that you enjoy reading this proceeding and find the published papers useful. Also, we look forward to your participation in the next version of this conference.List of Editors of the proceeding, Steering committee, Scientific committee, Organizing committee are available in this pdf.

Research on Discipline Construction of Civil Engineering Based on Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is gradually changing the development direction of civil engineering, and the traditional civil engineering specialty needs to be transformed. This paper discusses the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of civil engineering, and analyzes the opportunities and challenges brought by the combination of artificial intelligence and civil engineering. A feasible scheme for the integration of artificial intelligence and civil engineering disciplines is proposed to help civil engineering majors better adapt to market demand and technological development trend, and realize transformation and upgrading.

Preface

Civil engineering has played a pivotal role in shaping the world we live in today. With the constantly evolving world, the need for sustainable development has become more crucial than ever before. The Civil Engineering International Conference on “Novel Sustainable Concepts and Technologies in Engineering (NSCTCE 2022)” aims to address the current trends and put new research and advances into practice. As engineers, it is essential to prioritise public safety, and welfare and uphold the ideals of sustainable development without jeopardising the future generations’ ability to do the same.The NSCTCE-2022 abstract proceedings offer a suitable space for trending themes with well-balanced material and a manageable quantity of submissions. The program covers a wide range of civil engineering disciplines, including structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering, transportation engineering, and environmental engineering.The event was graced by 12 keynote speakers from India and overseas, who presented their exceptional research in a range of civil engineering topics, making it a valuable resource for both academics and practicing engineers. The conference received an overwhelming response, with about 86 abstracts being submitted, out of which 40+ were chosen for full-length presentations. The selected papers will be published in the journal 1OP: Earth & Environmental Sciences, further contributing to the dissemination of knowledge.We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all the authors who showed keen interest in the three-day NSCTCE-2022 conference. We are also incredibly grateful to the management of SJEC, Mangalore, sponsors, and exhibitors for their support, which the conference’s success was only possible if it had been successful. We hope that NSCTCE-2022 has encouraged fruitful discussions, sparked new ideas, and provided a platform for sharing research and experiences, ultimately contributing to the betterment of society through sustainable development.List of Editors, Chief Patron, Patrons, Conference Chair, Advisory Committee, Technical Committee are available in this Pdf.

EDITORIAL SCOPE – WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING

The present editorial scope of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science, and Technology (JCEST) emphasizes one of the main disciplines of civil engineering: waste management and recycling. Waste management studies provide insights into new waste management techniques, such as recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy technologies, all of which are essential in reducing the volume of waste in landfills. In this brief editorial paper, information is gathered from the freely-accessible Scopus database to identify common keywords found in published papers related to waste management and recycling in the past decade. Based on the analysis, “waste” is found to be the top keyword in articles published on this topic in JCEST. The primary aim of this exercise is to provide researchers with a brief guide to explore the latest knowledge and advancements in waste management and recycling, in safeguarding the cleanliness and safety of our environment.

Effect of nozzle type on local scour in water jets: An experimental study

Water jets are generally used in civil, environmental, and chemical engineering and other disciplines. Venturi nozzles are crucial devices that are applied in jet aeration systems. The prediction of scour hole geometry in non-cohesive sands is a challenge for hydraulic engineering. Thus, this study presents the results of a laboratory investigation on the geometric properties of the scour produced by jets with different nozzle types in non-cohesive sands. Several experimental runs were conducted to investigate the scour geometry caused by inclined water jets from Venturi and circular nozzles for unsubmerged conditions. The results were analyzed to discover the influence of the densimetric Froude number, relative tailwater depth, impact angle, and dimensionless impingement length on the scour hole geometry based on the jets from circular and Venturi nozzles. Consequently, the maximum scour depths obtained for the Venturi nozzle were approximately 1.4 times deeper for the small diameters of the circular nozzle and 2.4 times deeper for large diameters. In conclusion, the findings can be useful in hydraulic applications such as agricultural irrigation, liquid-fertilizer injection, aeration, oxygen transfer, and wastewater–potable water treatment and aquaculture, outlets of culverts, pond water aeration systems, and storm drainage pipes.

Integration of Traction Electricity Consumption Determinants with Route Geometry and Vehicle Characteristics

Traction electricity (TE) consumption in rail transportation (rail transport) is determined by factors (determinant) related to the characteristics of railway lines and vehicles. They have an impact on driving speeds, which, in turn, affect energy consumption. The scientific research presented here combined the results of expert, direct and indirect measurement methods, including brainstorming, mind mapping, system approach, heuristics, failure mode and effect analysis. The main objective was to demonstrate the influence of the determinants of TE consumption, depending on the route (road) geometry and characteristics of the traction of electric vehicles and whole trains (catenary-supplied electric vehicles, non-autonomous electric vehicles, and network traction vehicles, especially electric locomotives and electric multiple units, electric multiple-units (EMUs)). Using a new approach, the TE consumption equation, we applied values for the movement resistances of electric locomotives during braking for a jointed railway track Mres JRT braking and continuous welded rail tracks Mres CWRt braking. The values of the movement resistances of the electric locomotives during startup on the jointed railway track Mres JRT startup and continuous welded rail tracks Mres CWRt startup were also applied. They showed a strong correlation with the existing speeds of catenary-supplied electric vehicles. The implementation of the new innovative approach is an important contribution to the development of engineering and technical sciences, in particular, the disciplines of civil engineering, surveying/geodesy, and transport.

Architecture, Engineering and Building Science: The Contemporary Relevance of Vitruvius’s De Architectura

Conferences worldwide focus on a range of disciplines relating to the construction of the built environment. They tend to emphasize either the art or the science of building, the former focusing on architectural theory and design while the latter targets a range of topics from civil and/or building engineering to building physics. Vitruvius’s De Architectura Libri Decem is a seminal treatise more than two millennia old which addresses these themes in a holistic manner. This text remains valid today for students and professionals engaged in architecture and building engineering. Translated as Ten Books on Architecture, it not only presents an overall view of the disciplines of town planning, architecture and civil engineering, along with the qualifications required to practice them, but also addresses building materials, civil-engineering structures and the science influencing buildings. Although grounded in the practice and technology of Ancient Rome, the principles put forward in this treatise are still valid nowadays for effective, sustainable architectural-engineering design based on rigorous education and good knowledge of building materials and construction. Vitruvius’s definition of architecture—the one still customarily used—is an inclusive philosophical statement on the essence of building for humanity to house humanity. It recalls the symbiotic relation between architecture and building engineering that is often forgotten in the contemporary emphasis on specialization.

Proposing a framework for introducing the concept of engineering digitization to develop curricula: case study - Tishreen University, Faculty of Civil Engineering

The emergence of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has made a major development in the fields of engineering and construction and has provided a means for documentation and design management throughout the building's life cycle. Despite this, the construction sector suffers from a clear shortage of specialists equipped with work skills, and therefore there is a gap and lack of skills. In order to meet the future needs for the skills of using (BIM) technology in the labor market, it was necessary to take serious steps to introduce BIM in education programs in Syrian universities to prepare future specialists, so this study aimed to identify the current reality of teaching Building Information Modeling (BIM) and to identify obstacles and challenges that prevent the application of (BIM) and propose a framework for introducing the concept of engineering digitization to develop curricula at Tishreen University, Faculty of Civil Engineering. The study used the descriptive survey method, and to collect data, two questionnaires were developed, which were applied to a sample of (32) faculty members from all disciplines of the Faculty of Civil Engineering. The study also used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) program to analyze the results of the questionnaire. The study showed a positive awareness of the culture of building information modeling among the various disciplines of civil engineering, despite the presence of many challenges and obstacles facing the implementation of BIM, and the study provided a general framework for the integration of building information modeling (BIM) technology with curricula The most important recommendations indicate the need to enhance awareness of the BIM culture and its applications by offering specialized training courses for academics in the use of modern technological tools based on BIM as an effective educational tool that can be integrated into the teaching curricula.

Ispitivanje otpornosti prema požaru požarno otpornih klapni

Passive fire protection is civil engineering discipline which is very popular for research and development of new construction products and test standards. The primary function of passive fire protection product is to achieve the declared fire resistance. Fire resistance of a construction product is expressed as a time interval (30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min ...) in which certain properties of the tested product are preserved. In the given time intervals, it is necessary for the tested product to maintain the thermal insulation properties (I), integrity (E) and additional properties prescribed by the test standard related to the tested product. The fire damper represents part of HVAC system installed on walls which are fire resistance barriers [2]. Additional properties related to fire-resistant service installations- fire dampers (hereinafter only fire dampers) are the leakage on the fire damper in the cold state and the leakage of fire damper (S) during the fire test. In order to determine the previous properties, a test installation for fire dampers was formed, which consists of: installed damper in the test wall, duct and pipeline system, system for measuring the volume flow, cooler and a fan. All the obtained results are graphically presented in the paper and serve for the purpose of determining the mentioned fire properties of dampers and for the purpose of fire resistance classification of construction products.

Cost Prediction for Roads Construction using Machine Learning Models

Predicting conceptual costs is among the essential criteria in project decision-making at the early stages of civil engineering disciplines. The cost estimation model availability that may help in the early stages of a project could be incredibly advantageous in respect of cost alternatives and more extraordinary cost-effective solutions periodically. There is a lack of case datasets. Most of the proposed dataset was inefficient. This study offers a new data set that includes the elements of road construction and economic advantages in the year of project construction. Real project data for rural roads in the State of Iraq / Diyala Governorate for the years 2012 to 2021 have use to train a predictive model with a high rate of accuracy based on machine learning (ML) methods. Ridge and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Regressions, K Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms have employ to create models for estimating road construction costs based on real-world data. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and R-squared (R2) coefficient of determination are utilize to assess the models' performance. The analysis indicated that the RR is the best model for road construction costs, with results R2 = 1.0, MAPE =0.00, and RMSE=0.00. The results showed that the cost estimates were accurate and aligned with the project bids.

Frame Structure Fault Diagnosis Based on a High-Precision Convolution Neural Network

Structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis are important scientific issues in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and other disciplines. The basic premise of structural health work is to be able to accurately diagnose the fault in the structure. Therefore, the accurate fault diagnosis of structure can not only ensure the safe operation of mechanical equipment and the safe use of civil construction, but also ensure the safety of people's lives and property. In order to improve the accuracy fault diagnosis of frame structure under noise conditions, the existing Convolutional Neural Network with Training Interference (TICNN) model is improved, and a new convolutional neural network model with strong noise resistance is proposed. In order to verify THE superiority of the proposed improved TICNN in anti-noise, comparative experiments are carried out by using TICNN, One Dimensional Convolution Neural Network (1DCNN) and First Layer Wide Convolution Kernel Deep Convolution Neural Network (WDCNN). The experimental results show that the improved TICNN has the best anti-noise ability. Based on the improved TICNN, the fault diagnosis experiment of a four-story steel structure model is carried out. The experimental results show that the improved TICNN can obtain high diagnostic accuracy under strong noise conditions, which verifies the advantages of the improved TICNN.

Android application of rapid visual screening for buildings in Indian context

Computers lessen all the laborious work, specifically by introducing software applications following mobile applications and IoT (Internet of Things) in numerous civil engineering disciplines. Prevention of forfeiture of life and property is becoming the prime agenda, and seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings is one of the quickest methods for an earthquake disaster mitigation plan. In this study, an attempt is made to modify the commonly used FEMA rapid visual screening score sheet concerning Indian building typology and the age of the building. Also, to make RVS further rapid an RVS tool named RVS_IND App is developed using the android App, particularly for the seismic performance evaluation of buildings at the visual inspection level. The application reduced the time taken for RVS from 15 to 20 mins per building to <2–3 mins per building and all the building score sheets can be stored during a walk down, apprising the speed of assessment of huge building stock.

Non-destructive testing in civil engineering: A memorandum for teaching at German-speaking universities

This contribution summarizes actual developments and draft fundamental teaching topics in the field of non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDTCE). It is based on the first memorandum on teaching and research in the field of NDTCE at Germanspeaking universities and provides an overview of the academic education and highlights possible focuses, especially in regards to teaching but also takes into account noteworthy developments and topics in research in the field of NDTCE. Suggestions are given for the development and advancement of the teaching curricula in regards to a comprehensive and sound professional education of students in civil engineering and adjacent disciplines. In terms of content and form, this contribution is based on the memorandum of university teachers in the sister field of “Building Materials”. Resulting parallels are therefore not by chance but rather intended. The memorandum was developed out of an initiative of the Subcommittee on Education – Workgroup Education in Universities – of the technical committee NDT in Civil Engineering of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP).

EDITORIAL SCOPE – BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT EDITION

The second editorial scope of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science, and Technology (JCEST) emphasizes one of the main disciplines of civil engineering, namely building and construction management. The continued development of management theories has continuously influenced construction project delivery practices. The knowledge gained from R&amp;D could enhance construction management practices towards excellent performance in the delivery of built-environment projects. This brief editorial piece highlights the themes of building and construction management in the last 10 years by gathering information from the freely-accessible Scopus database and the most published area of JCEST from the perspective of common keywords found in published papers. Based on the civil, building and construction management research field, the top 10-ranked keywords were found based on Scopus database and “Construction” is the top keyword found based on the articles on building and construction management published in JCEST. The aim of this exercise is to provide a brief guide to researchers to explore the state-of-the-art knowledge in the area of building and construction management in the construction industry.

Multimodality and English for Special Purposes: Signification and Transduction in Architecture and Civil Engineering Models

The applied disciplines of architecture and civil engineering require students to communicate multimodally, and to manipulate meaning across media and modes, such as image, writing or moving image. In their disciplinary studies for example, students must be able to transform the language of lectures and textbooks into models and diagrams. In their future workplaces, they will commonly be required to transform reports and legal documents into floor plans and digital &amp;amp; physical 3D models. Such multimodal literacy, however, is not typically reflected in their related subject-specific English language courses, especially in Germany, where a text-centric approach is favored. To better reflect the demands placed upon them, students in two courses of English for Architecture and Civil Engineering were tasked with creating digital, multimodal artifacts to explain a concept from either of these fields to a lay audience. The resultant artifacts used a wide variety of semiotic resources to make meaning, including a total of 26 separate architectural and civil engineering models. This is a quantity sufficiently large enough to invite closer examination, and also reflects the important role models play in the fields of architecture and civil engineering, both at university and in the workplace. This paper suggests that models of this kind exist within a system of signs, in which meaning is created in the relationships between the signs. The process of transforming one resource into another also invites the consideration of the artifacts in terms of the notion of “transduction”, to discern how meaning changes between contexts, practices and modes and to contribute to existing literature on multimodal texts in tertiary education, particularly within a language-learning context.

The Learning Outcomes’s Increasing Of Basic Engineering Mechanics Students Of Civil Engineering Study Program Through The Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model

Basic Engineering Mechanics is a science that plays an important role in civil engineering disciplines, especially in the construction sector. In studying Basic Engineering Mechanics, a Project Based Learning model is needed that can help students to more easily apply it. This study aims to determine the increasing in learning outcomes of Basic Engineering Mechanics of Civil Engineering Study Program students through the application of Project Based Learning model. The type of research to be conducted is experimental research using the pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were students of the Civil Engineering Study Program, Graha Nusantara University, Padangsidimpuan for first semester in Academic Year 2021-2022, totaling 60 people. Research instrument in the form of pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique used in this research is comparative descriptive analysis, while the increasing in student learning outcomes through the application of Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is calculated using g-factor (normalized gain score). Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning model can increase the learning outcomes of Basic Engineering Mechanics for Civil Engineering Study Program students by 37.74%. While the conventional learning model can only increase the learning outcomes of Basic Engineering Mechanics for Civil Engineering Study Program students by 31.41%. So that the Project Based Learning model is more effectively used in Basic Engineering Mechanics courses than conventional learning model.

Numerical study on dynamic properties of rubberised concrete with different rubber contents

As a green environmentally-friendly material, rubberised concrete (RuC), which has the characteristics of low elastic modulus, large deformation capacity, high damping, good energy dissipation and good crack resistance, has attracted extensive attention and research in the civil engineering discipline. However, most of existing studies are based on experimental tests on RuC material properties, and there has been no numerical study based on meso-scale modelling of RuC yet. To more comprehensively investigate the RuC dynamic material properties without conducting intensive experimental tests, this study developed a high-fidelity meso-scale model considering coarse and fine aggregates and rubber crumbs to numerically investigate the mechanical properties of rubberised concrete under different strain rates. The meso-scale model was verified against both quasi-static compressive testing data and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) dynamic testing data. Using the verified numerical model, the dynamic properties of rubberised concrete with various rubber content (0%–30%) under different strain rates were studied. The numerical results show that the developed meso-scale model can use to predict the static and dynamic properties of rubberised concrete with high accuracy. The dynamic compressive strength of the rubberised concrete increases with the increment of the strain rate, and the strain rate sensitivity increases with the rubber content ranging from 0 to 30%. Based on intensive numerical simulation data, empirical DIFs is used as a function of strain rate and rubber content to predict the dynamic strength of rubberised concrete.