Civil Engineering Construction Research Articles

Problems and Advanced Technologies of Green Building Project Management and Materials

With the growing awareness of climate change, green buildings are beginning to win a place in environmental issues. The pattern of green buildings aims to establish an equilibrium between artificial architecture and the natural surroundings. This study proposes to determine problems and solutions for green building project management and green materials. The outcome of this study reveals that high-cost premium and cognitive limitations on green technologies are the main barriers to the sustainable development of green buildings. To deal with cost-related issues, experts utilize AI-based techniques to reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, in the process of civil engineering construction, construction materials determine the cost, quality, and safety of civil engineering. The main characteristics of green building materials are excellent low energy consumption, low pollution and recycling in the production process and use. The mainstream green materials classification is the four types of basic, energy-saving, recycling and health. Currently, the green materials commonly used in engineering construction mainly include ecological sand-based permeable bricks, green paint and diatom mud ecological wall. Among them, the diatom mud ecological wall is widely used in large cities because it does not cause light pollution. The most significant advantage of green materials in engineering is that they can achieve resource savings. In the selection of green materials in construction, it is necessary to fully consider and make use of the characteristics of green materials.

Use of recycled aggregate and fly ash in the development of concrete composite

Continuous economic growth poses severe problems of waste disposal for civil engineering construction and demolition works. In this research work, recycled aggregate (RCA) and fly ash in concrete composites for pavements are presented. The approach adopted here is to replace a large amount of normal aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregate, obtained from various crushed concrete and partial substitution of Portland cement by fly ash to develop rigid pavement concrete. A preliminary test is conducted on the materials which are used in the development of concrete pavement. Results have satisfactory results as per Indian standard guidelines. The compressive strength is determined at a proportion of fly ash varying from 0 to 40%, which gives a wide range of adding fly ash and recycled aggregate to achieve the aggregate's better mechanical property. It also determines the concrete's long-term flexural strength by partially replacing the RCA and fly ash, an important parameter in rigid pavement design. At 28 days and 56 days, the compressive strength is determined for different fly ash and recycled aggregate proportions, and concrete having more fly ash shows better results at 56 days’ compressive strength.

Non-linear geometric analysis of multilayer tensegrity tower

In the 1960 s, Fuller introduced Tensegrity structures having astonishing appearance. Owing to their light weight and deployability, this form was mainly employed in building deployable space structures, controllable structures, tensegrity robots and few civil engineering structures like towers, large dome structures, stadium roofs, temporary structures and tents. Principally owing to its inherently high flexibility, tensegrity structures have been scarcely employed in civil engineering construction. Current work attempts to design 220 kV Transmission Tower using tensegrity form. Geometry, loading and design details of this tower in traditional form are available in the literature.In the current work, tensegrity form has been employed to replace traditional tower structure. The geometric configurations for tensegrity towers are obtained by Force Density Method through MATLAB programming (by varying parameters like number of layers, height of layer, overlap between layers). The obtained configuration with prestresses is then modelled using commercially available software SAP2000 (ver. 23.3.1) and analysed for pertinent load combinations. To bring the top displacement of tensegrity tower in conformity with code stipulations, tie cables were employed to the tensegrity tower. From the present work, it is evident that usage of tensegrity form to construct transmission tower results in significant reduction of base area with marginal reduction in mass when compared to traditional towers and possibility of incorporating deployability.

Underlying topography and forest height estimation from SAR tomography based on a nonparametric spectrum estimation method with low sidelobes

ABSTRACT The underlying topography and forest height play an indispensable role in many fields, including geomorphology, civil engineering construction, forest investigation, and the modeling of natural disasters. As a new microwave remote sensing technology with three-dimensional imaging capability, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR) has already been proven to be an important tool for underlying topography and forest height estimation. Many spectrum estimation methods have now been proposed for TomoSAR. However, most of the commonly used methods are susceptible to noise and inevitably produce sidelobes, resulting in a reduced accuracy for the inversion of forest structural parameters. In this paper, to solve this problem, a nonparametric spectrum estimation method with low sidelobes – the G-Pisarenko method – is introduced. This method performs a logarithmic operation on the covariance matrix to obtain the main scattering characteristics of the objects of interest while suppressing the noise as much as possible. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the use of both simulated data and P-band airborne SAR data from a tropical forest region in Gabon, Africa. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the sidelobes and improve the estimation accuracy for the underlying topography and forest height.

Experimental Investigation of Actively Confined RC Columns Using Iron-Based Shape Memory Alloy Spiral Stirrups

Shape memory alloys (SMA) can be employed as prestressing components in the form of bars and strips in new reinforced concrete (RC) members or for reinforcing existing RC constructions because of their shape memory effect. Early research focused on retrofitting concrete components with external SMA spirals, but this technology has not been extensively used in new building. Civil engineering constructions can benefit from the development of a more affordable iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA). A good form recovery stress (prestress force) and high elastic stiffness describe this Fe-SMA. As an added benefit, it is less expensive in terms of raw materials and easier to manufacture than nickel-titanium alloys (NiTi). Industrial production of Fe-SMA strips has just recently begun. In this research under an axial compression force, three circular columns are tested experimentally. The confinement of reinforcement-type steel strips and (Fe-SMA) spiral stirrups, main reinforced steel bars, as well as numerical simulation using finite elements, are all researched. The (Fe-SMA) spiral stirrups are considered strengthening techniques, internal and external confinement. Axial compressive load, load-displacement curve, and strain-reinforcement bars are all terms used to define the cause of failure. Strengthening by Fe-SMA stirrups external reinforcement maximum gains in compressive strength of around 69.99% for stirrups steel reinforcement columns and 51.64% for Fe-SMA stirrups internal reinforcement.

Pressure Bleeding Rate and Crack Resistance of High-Strength Concrete with Good Fluidity

Abstract In order to explore the factors affecting the pressure bleeding rate of high-strength concrete with good fluidity and its performance, the variation of the pressure bleeding rate of high-strength concrete with good fluidity and its crack resistance were studied from the aspects of the quantity of admixtures and mineral admixture, water–cement ratio, unit water consumption, and sand ratio. Furthermore, the corresponding bleeding improvement measures and appropriate mix ratio were proposed for better performance of concrete. The test results show the following: (1) the concrete with the pebbles of the largest particle size and poor gradation in the coarse aggregate has a higher pressure bleeding rate than the concrete with the crushed stones of a smaller largest particle size and good gradation; (2) the more the fine aggregate and the smaller the fineness modulus, the lower the pressure bleeding rate of concrete; (3) with the increase in the quantity of superplasticizer, the pressure bleeding rate will increase: when the quantity is greater than 1.2 %, the concrete will produce serious bleeding; (4) adding fly ash and silicon ash can effectively reduce the pressure bleeding rate: the quantity of the fly ash should not exceed 25 % and the optimum quantity of silica fume ranges from 5 % to 10 %; (5) under other conditions unchanged, the pressure bleeding rate increases with the increase of water–cement ratio and unit water consumption; and (6) when the sand ratio is in the range of 38 % to 44 %, the pressure bleeding rate decreases as the sand ratio increases. Based on those tests for bleeding rate and slab cracking, the mix ratio of C60 high-strength concrete with good fluidity could be optimized. The high-strength concrete with good fluidity can simplify civil engineering construction and improve civil engineering concrete durability and recycling of industrial wastes. So, it is a green building material with excellent performance.

Research Progress of concrete Vibratory Technology

Traditional vibrating equipment and technology combined with manual experience to judge the quality of concrete vibrating is highly subjective and poorly standardized. Due to under-vibration, over-vibration and leakage vibration, the concrete has defects such as holes, segregation and cracks, which lead to the pouring quality not meeting the design requirements. The research progress of vibrating technology is introduced from four aspects: parameters affecting vibrating quality, evaluation method of vibrating quality, key technologies and development trends of vibrating. The research shows that intelligent vibrating has a significant role in promoting the development of civil engineering construction, and also lays a good foundation for the development of related engineering equipment and vibrating machinery automation.

Earthwork Volume Calculation, 3D Model Generation, and Comparative Evaluation Using Vertical and High-Oblique Images Acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In civil engineering and building construction, the earthwork volume calculation is one of the most important factors in the design and construction stages; therefore, an accurate calculation is necessary. Moreover, because managing earthworks is highly important, in this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model for earthwork calculation and management was performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an RGB camera. Vertical and high-oblique images (45°, 60°, and 75°) were acquired at 50 and 100 m heights for accurate earthwork calculations and a 3D model, and data were generated by dividing the images into eight cases. Cases 1–4 were images acquired from a height of 50 m, and cases 5–8 were images acquired from a height of 100 m. (case 1: 90°, case 2: 90° + 45°, case 3: 90° + 60°, case 4: 90° + 75°, case 5: 90°, case 6: 90° + 45°, case 7: 90° + 60°, case 8: 90° + 75°). Three evaluations were performed on the data. First, the accuracy was evaluated through checkpoints for the orthophoto; second, the earthwork volumes calculated via a global positioning system and UAV were compared; finally, the 3D model was evaluated. Case 2, which showed the lowest root mean square error in the orthophoto accuracy evaluation, was the most accurate. Case 2 was the most accurate in the earthwork volume evaluation and 3D model compared to other cases. Through this study, the best results were obtained when using a vertical image and a high-oblique image of 40 to 50° when generating a 3D model for earthwork volume calculation and management. In addition, if the UAV is not affected by obstacles, it is better to shoot at about 50 m or less than to shoot the UAV height too high.

Multiple paths to enhancing the resilience of project-based organizations from the perspective of CSR configuration: evidence from the Chinese construction industry

PurposeThe role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) fulfillment is critical when building resilience of project-based organizations (PBOs). However, fulfilling CSR to build a highly resilient PBO remains a black box problem. This study explores the different CSR combinations that enhance PBO resilience.Design/methodology/approachThis study defines CSR in terms of shareholder, employee, and social CSR, and analyzes corporate characteristics in terms of corporate scale and nature. Data are collected from Hexun.com and the China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database (CSMAR). The qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method is used to analyze 48 listed construction and engineering companies from China to explore the CSR configurations for PBOs in enhancing organizational resilience.FindingsA large firm size is a necessary condition for high organizational resilience. We find six paths to build high and non-high resilience in PBOs, and the driving mechanisms of high and non-high resilience exhibit an asymmetric relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis study cracks the black box of CSR fulfillment and PBO resilience. It reveals the CSR configurations that enhance or inhibit the resilience of PBOs. It also provides scientific basis for PBOs in their fulfillment of CSR in response to crises, and the enhancement of organizational resilience. Future research can be expanded to other industries, as the study sample is only limited to civil engineering construction companies. Since this study uses cross-sectional data, time series can be introduced in the future to further explore the relationship between CSR and organizational resilience.Practical implicationsThis study provides targeted suggestions that can help decision-makers of construction companies to determine how they can fulfill CSR to enhance organizational resilience. At the same time, it can provide intellectual support for PBOs to cope with systemic crises and promote the fulfillment of CSR.Originality/valueIn terms of theoretical value, on the one hand, this study verifies the relationship between CSR fulfillment and PBO resilience, revealing its mechanism of action and multiple paths; on the other hand, it provides a new way of thinking for management research methods and enriches the theoretical study of organizational resilience.

Effected Factors on Standard Measurement Method Adoption in Construction Projects Using SEM Approach

Various factors affect the standard method of measurement adoption in civil construction projects, especially in developing countries such as Malaysia. Hence, this study investigates the relationship between affected factors towards standard adoption using the SEM approach. As a case study, this study focused on quantity surveyors working at a consulting firm in Selangor, Malaysia. This study identifies the effect of standard measuring technique adoption in Malaysian building projects that have a beneficial impact. The factors research model is the first stage in determining the reasons for using the most recent standard measuring technique in civil engineering construction projects and explaining the link between the barrier factors and standard adoption. The information was gathered using a questionnaire survey sent to participants at construction firms that used the standard measurement method. The PLS-SEM approach was used by SmartPLS 3 software to construct and assess a hierarchical model to assess variables and their effects on measuring method adoption. The findings revealed that 17 barrier factor indicators had a significant impact on adopting the standard assessment technique. The coefficient of determination (R2 value) of 0.307 represents the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that one or more predictor variables can explain. Furthermore, the conceptual model’s predictive significance value Q2 is 0.156 greater than zero, indicating that it can predict endogenous latent components. The measured effect size (f2) between the barrier factors (exogenous latent) and the adoption of the model’s standard (endogenous latent) was 0.443, indicating that the developed model had significant explanatory power to represent the relationship among the variables of the factors and the effect on measurement method adoption. There is a need to improve the methods and increase the driver elements described in this study to promote the adoption of standard measurement in construction projects, which impacts the adoption of the standard method of measuring. In the future, researchers can start from this study to compare the situation in Malaysia with developed countries to discover shortcomings and develop a framework for measurement factors that can be applied.

Research on Quality Control Methods in Civil Engineering Construction

Research on Quality Control Methods in Civil Engineering Construction

Brief Discussion on the Cause of Concrete Crack and Common Construction Treatment Technology in Civil Engineering Construction

Brief Discussion on the Cause of Concrete Crack and Common Construction Treatment Technology in Civil Engineering Construction

Properties of using excavated soil waste as fine and coarse aggregates in unfired clay bricks after dry-wet cycles

Buildings and Constructions in civil engineering have led to quite a large production of excavated soil wastes. In order to use excavated soil waste, this paper investigated the physical and mechanical properties of excavated soil-based unfired clay bricks (ESUCB) with different mix proportions before and after dry-wet cycles. A total of 108 specimens are separated into nine groups according to the criterial of orthogonal experimental design of four factors (i.e., water-to-cement ratio, cement-to-excavated soil ratio, fine recycled concrete aggregate-to-excavated soil ratio and compound additives content) and three levels. Dry-wet cyclic experiments characterized with 5, 10 and 20 cycles respectively on ESUCB were carried out before conducting the compressive loading test. The test results indicate that increasing the dry-wet cycle number leads to larger mass loss, higher strength reduction rate and reduce the compressive strength of ESUCB. Four strength categories including Grade Ⅰ (higher than 20 MPa), Grade Ⅱ (15–20 MPa), Grade Ⅲ (10–15 MPa) and Grade Ⅳ (5–10 MPa) were divided to provide the specific mix proportion for a certain compressive strength requirement of ESUCB. Variance and range analysis shows that the water-to-cement ratio has the most significant effect on the compressive strength and the smallest one is the additive content. Using the experimental data-driven approach, nonlinear regression equations for compressive strength of ESUCB without and with dry-wet cycles were proposed, respectively.

Application of Pile Foundation Technology in Civil Engineering Construction

Application of Pile Foundation Technology in Civil Engineering Construction

Preface

Due to Rapid Infrastructure development that is happening in and around, use of Smart and sustainable materials has become the need of the hour in construction industry. Use of smart materials in civil engineering is definitely a new approach for sustainable and durable construction of important structures. With minimal chance of load exceedance and collapse of structures, the time life of such structures can be increased with the use of smart materials. Therefore, it is very important to develop a smart system for concrete structures, which can minimize internal and external disturbances for structural safety and extension of its service life. The International Conference on Smart Materials for Sustainable Construction in Civil Engineering (ICSSCE) 2022, will show the way forward for the future of the construction industry. The conference will bring together the key players such as Academicians, Researchers, and Industry professional from the construction industry from with the country and around the globe. We hope that our Conference will offer a unique opportunity for interesting and fruitful interactions to all participants, providing them with memorable and pleasant experiences.We take this opportunity to extend our sincere thanks to Hon’ble Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Pro- Vice Chancellor, Registrar and faculty and staff of Civil Engineering and the fraternity of REVA University for their guidance and support in organizing the conference. A conference of this kind and magnitude would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of all people. I would like to express my gratitude to my colleagues, students and many others who are involved in the conference directly or indirectly for their wholehearted support and enthusiasm in organizing the conference. A Special Thanks to Dr. Krishna R. Reddy, Professor, University Scholar and Distinguished Researcher, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA, for working as Editor for this Conference.List of Organizing Committee, Technical committee are available in this pdf.

Coordinated distribution of stadium electric load unloading based on artificial intelligence

The Stadium’s Electricity (SE) is cost-effective and critical to meeting the stadium’s size requirements. Because of their complex internal operations and extensive functionality. Stadium energy efficiency improvements are demanding and time-consuming due to the large and diverse electricity loads that can be managed. The stadium source of information is unloaded and turned off after sports. During sports, the system is ready to be deployed in case of an electricity outage. Several of these issues must be carefully evaluated, starting with accurate representations and human-structure interaction models, and determining acceptable facility vibration serviceability limitations of crowd activities. Due to various factors, stadiums like those used for athletic or entertainment events are distinct from other civil engineering constructions. Stadiums are susceptible to both the coordinated and random motion of huge crowds, which presents several issues. In computer science, Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of machines that can simulate human mental processes. AI can be used in various ways, from natural language processing to speech recognition to computer vision. This paper introduced a new method for (SE-AI) in addition to enhancing stadium control capabilities in various functional areas. The intelligent stadium development effectively enables it to handle construction equipment in an integrated manner. In the stadium’s electrical design, the smart sports model is structured. An investigation of the stadium’s electrical design system to provide helpful information for the stadium’s electrical design work based on engineering design principles. Advanced technology is mirrored in the stadium’s equipment, which is moving toward informationization and intelligence due to the advancement of science and technology, especially digitalization. If the research results can be a helpful guide for bettering the electrical planning of stadiums can be a more substantial impact on society. Stadiums are investing in Wi-Fi and distributed antenna systems to boost connection. This allows viewers to follow the game throughout the stadium and helps scattered personnel communicate.

Research on High Formwork Construction of Civil Engineering

Research on High Formwork Construction of Civil Engineering

Study on Measures of Quality Management in Civil Engineering Construction

Study on Measures of Quality Management in Civil Engineering Construction

How greater data access will make civil engineering and construction more productive

Remote-working and other innovative technology developed during the Covid-19 pandemic is now helping the civil engineering and wider construction industry to save money and create new high-value, data-driven jobs. In the UK this is being driven forward by bodies such as the Construction Data Trust and Project Data Analytics Task Force. This paper explores how data has empowered the construction sector during Covid-19 and the role of the industry in harnessing this work for future collective benefit in a post-pandemic recovery.

Talking about the Key Points of Roof Waterproof Construction in Civil Engineering Construction

Talking about the Key Points of Roof Waterproof Construction in Civil Engineering Construction