Civil Defence Force Research Articles

A Virtual Reality Game-Based Intervention to Enhance Stress Mindset and Performance among Firefighting Trainees from the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF)

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) game-based intervention using real-time biofeedback for stress management and performance among fire-fighting trainees from the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF). Forty-seven trainees were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned into three groups: control, placebo, and intervention. The participants’ physiological responses, psychological responses, and training performances were evaluated during specific times over the standard 22-week training regimen. Participants from the control and placebo groups showed a similar overall perceived stress profile, with an initial increase in the early stages that was subsequently maintained over the remaining training period. Participants from the intervention group had a significantly lower level of perceived stress compared to the control and placebo groups, and their stress-is-enhancing mindset was significantly increased before the game in week 12 compared to week 3. Cortisol levels remained comparable between pre-game and post-game for the placebo group at week 12, but there was a significant reduction in cortisol levels post-game in comparison to pre-game for the intervention group. The biofeedback data as a measurement of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) during the gameplay were also significantly increased at week 12 when compared to week 3. Notably, the intervention group had a significant improvement in the final exercise assessment when compared to the control based on the participants’ role as duty officers. In conclusion, a VR game-based intervention with real-time biofeedback shows promise as an engaging and effective way of training firefighting trainees to enhance their stress mindset and reduce their perceived stress, which may enable them to perform better in the daily emergencies that they respond to.

Enhancing Humanitarian Operations Performance Through Logistics Preparedness: A Conceptual Review in Humanitarian Organizations

This conceptual paper delves into the realm of humanitarian operations by examining the preparedness and response of humanitarian organizations in logistics during disasters. Drawing upon the principles of resource-based theory and stakeholder theory, the study employs a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The targeted sample comprises individuals directly involved in disasters, including government agencies such as the Malaysia Civil Defence Force (APM) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) registered with the National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA) in Malaysia. To evaluate the proposed formative-reflective model, path modeling and bootstrapping techniques are employed using Smart PLS version 3.0. The core objective of this conceptual paper is to provide insights and a theoretical foundation for understanding the relationship between logistics preparedness and the performance of humanitarian operations, as perceived by humanitarian organizations operating in Malaysia.

Cross-institutional provision of medical care to social emergency casualties

Introduction. Current advances in war-waging strategies have imposed new demands on public medical care and civil defense forces amid social emergency settings. Elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergencies compels to explore new horizons in order to develop advanced approaches and strategies of medical care provided to victims at all stages of medical evacuation among affected population, emergency rescue personnel of various departmental affiliations, including military personnel of military rescue formations.The objective is to share the experience of cross-departmental medical forces providing medical care to victims amid disrupted and non-functional healthcare services due to biological and social emergency of regional scale.Results and analysis. The paper describes experience of medical aid efforts in the newly incorporated regions of Russia, suggesting a cross-institutional strategy of dedicated medical care provision to the population and military rescue personnel amid social emergency settings.Conclusion. Deployment of cross-institutional medical forces allows to reinforce the capacities of regular medical organizations in emergency areas, whereas advanced diagnostic, treatment and medical evacuation technologies allow to stabilize the condition of victims to carry out evacuation “as intended” within most optimal timeframes.

Technology activated community first responders in Singapore: Real-world care delivery & outcome trends

Background: Community first responders (CFRs) strengthen the Chain of Survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care. Considerable efforts have been invested in Singapore’s CFR program, during the years 2016–2020, by developing an app-based activation system called myResponder. This paper reports on national CFR response indicators to evaluate the real-world impact of these efforts. Methods: We matched data from the Singapore Civil Defence Force’s CFR registry with the Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) registry data to calculate performance indicators. These included the number of CFRs receiving and accepting an issued alert per OHCA event. Also calculated were the fraction of OHCA events where CFRs received an issued alert, or accepted the alert, and arrived at the scene either before or after EMS. We also present trends of these indicators and compare the prevalence of these fractions between the CFR-attended and CFR-unattended OHCA events. Results: Of 6577 alerted OHCA events, 42.7% accepted an alert, 50% of these arrived at the scene and 71% of them arrived before EMS. Almost all CFR response indicators improved over time even for the pandemic year (2020). The fraction of OHCA events where >2 CFRs received an alert increased from 62% to 96%; the same figure for accepting an alert did not change much but >2 CFRs arriving at the scene increased from 0% to 7.5%. The fraction of OHCA events with an automated external defibrillator applied and defibrillation performed by CFR increased from 4.2% to 10.3% and 1.6% to 3%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in these indicators when CFR-attended and CFR-unattended OHCA events were compared. Conclusion: This real-world study shows that activating CFRs using mobile technology can improve community response to OHCA and are bearing fruit in Singapore at a national level. Some targets for improvement and future research are highlighted in this report.

Decision-making information technologies for the resources determination of forest fire extinguishing by aviation

The article proposes a solution to the scientific and applied problem of decision support automation in case of determined resource provision of civil defense forces for extinguishing forest fires. This topic is of great relevance both in peacetime and in the conditions of the current armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The solved task is an important element of resolution the more complex problem of prompt response to emergency situations in the ecological and technogenic spheres. To solve this problem, a software environment for automated decision-making support by experts is proposed based on the integration method, which provides structuring of data, support of expert judgments, and visualization of decision-making processes. The functionality of this software environment is considered on the example of the use of the integration expert method and relevant information technologies to determine the resources of aviation groups for the purpose of forming a plan of operational response to the elimination of forest fires. A hierarchical model of the problem is given in accordance with AHP requirements. Also, in order to increase the effect of the conducted modeling and ranking of alternatives, the use of a network model of the problem and ANP application (which is a AHP development) to support decision-making are proposed. The ANP implementation is illustrated using the freely distributed SuperDecisions software. The developed scientific and practical approaches and toolkit are intended for functioning in operational units of the state service for emergency situations, but they can also be used in other power structures. The obtained results are aimed at increasing the level of environmental safety in forest areas and can be used to support nature management in different regions.

Aspects of eliminating medical and sanitary consequences of the flood disaster in the Republic of Crimea on June 17–18, 2021

Relevance. In current realities, various models of disaster management and response have been implemented in disaster medicine across regions. In natural emergency scenarios, management and response efforts would hardly ever see functional unity of all the emergency response units of disaster medicine and civil defense with an integral management hierarchy and 24h duty.The study objective is to assess the efficiency of a new organizational model of disaster medicine service deployed in the Republic of Crimea to eliminate medical and sanitary consequences of heavy precipitation, large-scale flooding and mudslides, that hit the urban districts of Kerch, Yalta, on June 17-18, 2021.Methods. We studied the operations and response efforts undertaken in natural emergency setting by the Kerch disaster medicine and civil defense service and Yalta ambulance stations, both being part of the Regional Center for Disaster Medicine of the Republic of Crimea. In addition, we analyzed the abnormal atmospheric front passage with heavy precipitation in urban districts of Kerch (17.06.2021) and Yalta (18.06.2021).Results and discussion. At the very onset of natural emergency situation in the Republic of Crimea on June 17-18, 2021, dispatchers of the disaster medicine service, as well as dispatchers and managers of Yalta and Kerch ambulance stations implemented timely and adequate measures to ensure smooth operation of emergency medical units deployed in the emergency area. Those measures include prompt notification and engagement of management staff, deployment of transport vehicles and workforce to safe areas, recruitment of backup power sources into the grid, mobilized additional ambulance crews, as well as adequate assessment of incurred damages. The study provided the disaster medicine service with an unprecedented opportunity for real-time 24h. monitoring of the civil defense Center for Disaster Medicine operation in a natural emergency.Conclusion. The study allows to assess the format of integrating civil defense and disaster medicine forces under the shared management by the Disaster Medicine Center of the Republic of Crimea.

Developing the Disaster Medical Responder's Course in Singapore.

Emergency medical teams (EMTs) deployed to mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are required to work outside their usual settings and according to different principles, which may affect their performance and the survival of casualties. Prior to 2013, training offered to domestic EMTs was limited to ad hoc and infrequent simulation exercises. Domestic EMTs are activated from public tertiary hospitals to provide pre-hospital medical support to the Singapore Civil Defence Force and establish a first-aid post (FAP) for triaging, stabilizing and treating casualties. These casualties are then evacuated to public hospitals for further management. Recognizing the need for a more systematic approach to the training of domestic EMTs, the Disaster Medical Responder's Course (the Course) was developed as a multiinstitutional collaboration to equip EMT members attending a MCI with the necessary skills to perform effectively at the FAP. The Course was first run in 2013 and is usually offered six to eight times a year. Since June 2019, a total of 414 health-care staff and allied health professionals have participated. There have been numerous revisions of the course content and delivery to reflect the latest concepts in operations and global best practice, as well as developments in educational methodologies. Preparedness is crucial to optimize the survival and outcomes of casualties. The Course provides standardized training of domestic EMTs and plays a pivotal role in ensuring operational readiness for MCIs in Singapore.

How the on-going conflict in Ukraine is impacting cardiovascular health.

Following the outbreak of war in Ukraine on 24 February 2022, we are witnessing a conflict that has led to many civilian, military, and volunteer civil defence force casualties. Those civilians living in a theatre of war are directly exposed to combat-attributable trauma and risks from explosive ordnance. The United Nations Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) reported that by 4th September, there had been 13 917 confirmed casualties in the non-combatant civilian population with 5718 deaths1; these figures are likely to be significant underestimates. It is believed that ∼18 million people have been directly impacted by the hostilities with more than 8 million internally displaced. Given the widespread destruction of housing and civil infrastructure, including the disconnection of basic utilities, initial activity to aid those affected has focused on ensuring safe shelter with humanitarian support in the form of clean water, nutrition, sanitation, and clothing. Medical services have been badly disrupted. Monitored by the World Health Organization Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care, as of 6th September, there had been 512 attacks against healthcare facilities, personnel, patients, transportation, and supply depots, with 100 people killed and 129 injured.2 Some of the remaining clinical resources, particularly those in central Ukraine, have been repurposed as trauma centres to receive casualties from the battlefront if staff are available. These professionals inevitably face ethical treatment dilemmas concerning the allocation of increasingly scarce medicines and equipment, a possible source of moral distress. This war is being pursued against the backdrop of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, with interruption of public health initiatives to immunize a population already vulnerable due to poor vaccine uptake. Barriers arising from the conflict have hampered the treatment of those infected with coronavirus or other communicable diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis—co-infection with the latter two pathogens is relatively common in Ukraine. The conditions endured by people sheltering from the fighting or seeking refuge through humanitarian corridors, if accessible, seem likely to increase the risk of contagion.

DETERMINATION OF THE COST OF RECOVERY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES WHICH HAVE RECEIVED DAMAGE AND DESTRUCTION (ENLARGED APPROACH)

Based on the analysis of regulatory documentation and documentary data, a structural-logical and mathematical model for determining the cost of restoration of buildings and structures that have suffered damage and destruction (according to the consolidated approach). 
 The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine by its resolution [1] approved the procedure for determining the mechanism of operational response of executive bodies of village, settlement, city councils, military administrations, central executive bodies, governing bodies and civil defense forces, aimed at eliminating the consequences of armed aggression with damage to buildings and structures in areas where active phases of hostilities are absent or completed. Restoration of life in these areas involves determining the extent of destruction, inspection of damaged objects and determine the cost of their restoration.
 Methodical recommendations [2] provide general normative materials on real estate appraisal in Ukraine, analyze the current state of real estate appraisal and provide a detailed algorithm for conducting examinations on research to determine the value of real estate, which has undergone significant damage and destruction, theoretical and practical issues.
 The purpose of this article is to develop a structural-logical and mathematical model for determining the cost of restoration of buildings and structures that have suffered damage and destruction (according to the consolidated approach).
 Research methods are based on the use of systems analysis, general scientific empirical (observation, description) and theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis).

The Main Threats and Challenges for Russia in the First Half of the XXI Century and Possible Areas of Work to Mitigate their Consequences

This article analyzes threats and challenges for the Russian Federation in the first half of the XXI century and identifies possible directions for improving security in emergency situations based on the use of new approaches in organizational, legal, scientific and technical support of measures, management bodies and civil defense forces and the unified state system of emergency prevention and response (RSChS).

Impact of Leadership Styles toward Employee Engagement among Malaysian Civil Defence Force

It is a fact that organization’s success and failure heavily depend on employees and employee engagement is found as one of the important indicators to engage work force in any organization. It has been repeatedly discussed by researchers in the past years and it was established that employee engagement is affected by variation in leadership styles. Many drivers regarding employee engagement have been identified, thus making the concept of employee engagement clear and more understandable for the employer. It also impacts employee performance and wellbeing as found by the past researchers. Leadership style also play a significant role in employee engagement. Leadership style is usually associated with the engagement of an employee and became the most important driver that may create culture of employee engagement in the organization. Leadership style also helps to drive optimal level of productivity in an organization and maintain employee trust. This study aims to identify the engagement level of employees in Malaysian Civil Defense Force and its relationship with leadership style. This research used Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) as a research instrument. SPSS software package for social sciences version 22 was used to analyze the data in this study. Finding of this study shows that leadership styles have a significant impact on employee engagement especially transformational leadership has a significant relationship with employee engagement. Therefore, from the findings of this study, it is suggested for the future researchers to use the mix method in collecting data so that the findings will be more accurate and detailed and can be generalized.

Expert assessment method of capabilities civil defense forces

The article proposes an approach to expert assessment of the capabilities of civil defense forces in multicriteria tasks. To implement the approach, taking into account the specifics of the subject area, the possibility of a method of supporting expert decisions, which combines the use of ontologies, voting procedures of experts, and relevant calculation procedures. The general scheme of the environment for making expert decisions on assessing the capabilities of civil defense forces on the example of emergency rescue formation is given. It is shown that the main normative sources for decision-making on capacity assessment are the catalog of basic components of capabilities and the list of criteria for their assessment. The choice is made from three alternatives – ready for action as intended, limited ready, or not ready. The problem of capacity assessment was set, a variant of the scale of quantitative characteristics of capabilities, and the level of expert assessment was proposed. The correct choice of the voting procedure of experts is substantiated, which contributes to finding an agreed solution. It is determined that to ensure high-quality elaboration of the task hierarchy, control, and increase the objectivity of the formation of characteristic vectors, the subject area must be presented in the form of an ontological information model. Attributive descriptions (properties) of the criteria are presented in the ontological database in the form of frames, the slots of which contain the corresponding numerical or linguistic data. Appropriate computer web tools have been proposed to support remote access capability assessment technology.

A Weakly-Supervised Named Entity Recognition Machine Learning Approach for Emergency Medical Services Clinical Audit.

Clinical performance audits are routinely performed in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to ensure adherence to treatment protocols, to identify individual areas of weakness for remediation, and to discover systemic deficiencies to guide the development of the training syllabus. At present, these audits are performed by manual chart review, which is time-consuming and laborious. In this paper, we report a weakly-supervised machine learning approach to train a named entity recognition model that can be used for automatic EMS clinical audits. The dataset used in this study contained 58,898 unlabeled ambulance incidents encountered by the Singapore Civil Defence Force from 1st April 2019 to 30th June 2019. With only 5% labeled data, we successfully trained three different models to perform the NER task, achieving F1 scores of around 0.981 under entity type matching evaluation and around 0.976 under strict evaluation. The BiLSTM-CRF model was 1~2 orders of magnitude lighter and faster than our BERT-based models. Our proposed proof-of-concept approach may improve the efficiency of clinical audits and can also help with EMS database research. Further external validation of this approach is needed.

Economic and legal due diligence of the allocation of on-budget expenditures for the SES of Ukraine

The paper raises the issue of economic and legal due diligence of the allocation of expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine for the State Emergencies Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine). The research shows that under the political transformations in Ukraine, characterized by variability and uncertainty of environmental factors, the role and importance of effective functioning of law enforcement agencies, in particular the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, is increasing. Their network is shrinking, the number of staff is being downsized. At the same time, the control of financial bodies over the economic and targeted use of funds is being strengthened, and a regime of strict limitation of budget expenditures and other state expenditures is being introduced to reduce the budget deficit and prevent financial crisis. A number of laws, statutes, codes, rules, regulations and requirements on the distribution of state budget expenditures of Ukraine has been analyzed. The three-times shrinking of resources aimed initially at the construction (purchase) of housing for the rank and file and senior staff of the Civil Protection Service in 2021 is considered to be a negative social indicator for the SES of Ukraine. The positive dynamics is traced in the increase in funding for the activities of the civil defense forces by 6 %. It is noted that in recent years no funds have been allocated for the purchase of fire and other special equipment of domestic production. It is concluded that this level of funding is not sufficient, because the effectiveness of emergency response is determined by the level of combat capability of the material and technical base of the bodies and units of the SES of Ukraine. With an insufficient funding, the required level of protection of the population and territories from emergencies cannot be achieved.

State Violence and Wartime Civilian Agency: Evidence from Peru

How civilians respond to political violence profoundly shapes conflict processes and the legacies of civil war. Yet influential patterns of wartime civilian agency remain strikingly unexplored. This study investigates how exposure to state violence influences the organization of ordinary citizens into civil defense forces, a common and consequential type of mobilization that is still poorly understood. I argue that state violence marked by direct and collective targeting promotes community-based armed mobilization through the mechanisms of signaling and the militarization of local governance in irregular civil war. The analysis focuses on the Peruvian armed conflict during the 1980s. Based on an instrumental variable and a difference-in-differences approach, the results suggest that communities victimized by state forces were more likely to rise up against the insurgents at later stages. These counterintuitive findings underscore the relevance and complexity of grassroots collective action during war.

Impact of COVID-19 on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Singapore.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Singapore. We used data from the Singapore Civil Defence Force to compare the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of all Emergency Medical Services (EMS)-attended adult OHCA during the pandemic (January–May 2020) and pre-pandemic (January–May 2018 and 2019) periods. Pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was the primary outcome. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the characteristics of OHCA. Of the 3893 OHCA patients (median age 72 years, 63.7% males), 1400 occurred during the pandemic period and 2493 during the pre-pandemic period. Compared with the pre-pandemic period, OHCAs during the pandemic period more likely occurred at home (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.24–1.75) and were witnessed (aOR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.49–1.97). They received less bystander CPR (aOR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61–0.81) despite 65% of witnessed arrests by a family member, and waited longer for EMS (OR ≥ 10 min: 1.71, 95% CI 1.46–2.00). Pre-hospital ROSC was less likely during the pandemic period (aOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.53–0.84). The pandemic saw increased OHCA incidence and worse outcomes in Singapore, likely indirect effects of COVID-19.

Analysis and numerical comparative assessment of risks of emergency situations of technogenic character in the territory of Ukraine

Subject. Processes of man-made emergencies on the territory of the state and its regions.
 Theme of work. Analysis and quantitative comparative assessment of risks of man-made emergencies on the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of the work. Comprehensive analysis of risks of man-made emergencies on the territory of the state and determination of the most technogenic regions of the country. Research methodology. Comparative assessment of the state of man-made threats of the territory and population of the regions of the state is carried out by comparing the average annual number of man-made emergencies in each region and the state as a whole, taking into account the density of the population. Criteria for classification of the territory and population of the regions of the state according to the level of man-made threats are proposed: relatively optimal, relatively acceptable, unacceptable. Research results. The method of quantitative comparative assessment of risks of emergencies of technogenic character on the territory of the state is offered and regions of the country with rather optimum, rather admissible and unacceptable level of technogenic threats for the territory and the population of regions of the state are defined. Conclusions and scope of research results. The analysis of the state of man-caused danger in the regions of Ukraine showed that each of them has its own levels of man-made threat, which must be taken into account to adequately respond to emergencies of different nature. As a result of research on the basis of the proposed methodology, it is established that the unacceptable level of man-made threats to the territory and population is typical for Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. This indicates the low effectiveness of measures to prevent man-made emergencies in these areas of the country. The obtained results of the research are the foundation for substantiation of organizational and technical measures to prevent and adequately respond to civil defense forces to emergencies of man-made nature both in the state and its regions.

Security and defense sector of Ukraine in the mechanism of realization of the defense function of the state

The article highlights the aspects of the Security and Defense Sector’s defense function. Based on the analysis of the legislationof Ukraine, the specifics of the normative regulation of the content of the category “defense”, as well as the diversity of doctrinal understandingof this category are highlighted. It is noted that the defense function of the state is realized, in fact, by all elements of the powermechanism. In this way, the state of readiness of the state “defense forces” necessary for the flow of armed aggression is achieved.Along with this, it was noted that within the framework of the state mechanism, it is expedient to single out those structures whosecompetence directly provides for the implementation of the defense function.The structure of the security and defense sector contains four components, which are differentiated according to their functionalpurpose and legal nature. In particular, these are: 1) security forces; 2) defense forces; 3) defense-industrial complex; 4) public associationsthat voluntarily participate in ensuring national security. It is also worth noting that the institutional components of Ukraine’ssecurity and defense sector belong to both the state apparatus and civil society institutions.The content of the categories “security forces” and “defense forces” is distinguished. Security forces are law enforcement andintelligence agencies, state bodies of special purpose with law enforcement functions, civil defense forces, as well as other bodiesentrusted by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine with functions to ensure the national security of Ukraine. In turn, the defense forcesinclude the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as other military formations, law enforcement agencies and intelligence agencies formedin accordance with the laws of Ukraine, as well as special purpose bodies with law enforcement functions, which are assigned by theConstitution and laws of Ukraine. The main institutional element of the Security and Defense Sector is the Armed Forces of Ukraine.It is the Armed Forces that protect the sovereignty of the state and territorial integrity, as well as ensure the inviolability of state borders.Emphasis is placed on the function of the National Guard of Ukraine and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine as important componentsof the security and defense sector.It is noted that today the subordination of military institutions and law enforcement agencies to various ministries and authoritiesis a factor that may negatively affect their interaction in the process of performing the tasks provided by law. Therefore, we consider itexpedient for the President of Ukraine, as the Head of State and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, toadopt a normative act on cooperation between the Security and Defense Sector in the process of armed defense of Ukraine’s territorialintegrity and state sovereignty.

CAPABILITY OF CIVIL PROTECTION

The specialists of the Institute of Public Administration and Research in Civil Protection
 are tasked to actually find approaches to a completely new direction in the field of civil protection - assessing the capabilities of civil protection and preparing recommendations on how to implement these approaches. This requires significant work on the definition of new terms and concepts, the formulation of the main functional capabilities of civil protection and their features, the study of properties and requirements for capabilities, their systematization by functional purpose justification of the main functional groups.
 The purpose of the article is to acquaint the interested audience with new concepts and approaches for the field of civil protection. In order to define the concept of "civil protection capability", the authors have worked out a number of laws and regulations on civil defense and national security and defense, as well as foreign documents, including NATO, and materials on defense strategic planning based on capabilities of the armed forces.
 To assess current and future threats to public safety, the population and the territory from emergencies, to develop an effective model for combating crimes against public safety and other illegal encroachments, it is necessary to determine the state of the unified state civil defense system, functional and territorial subsystems and other civil defense forces. for possible emergencies, taking into account potential threats.
 The article defines the concept of " capability analysis of functional and territorial subsystems of a single state civil protection system, civil protection forces", "capability requirements", "basic components of capabilities", "functional groups (integrated categories) of capabilities", "catalog of civil protection capabilities" etc.
 
 Key words: "capability" concepts, security and defense capabilities, civil defense capabilities, basic capability components, functional groups (integrated categories) of capabilities, capability catalog, civil defense overview.

НАУКОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ОРГАНІВ ВИКОНАВЧОЇ ВЛАДИ У СФЕРІ ЦИВІЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ

У науковій статті проведено аналіз змісту основних завдань з цивільного захисту та ефективність їх реалізації органами виконавчої влади. На основі аналізу змісту Кодексу Цивільного Захисту України, Положень про функціональні та територіальні підсистеми ЄДСЦЗ, спроможності їх органів управління та сил цивільного захисту до виконання поставлених завдань виявлено, що в процесі їх формування та постановки має місце проведення їх обґрунтування на недостатньому рівні, а саме без урахування стану інституційного, ресурсного та кадрового забезпечення, оцінки можливості щодо реалізації основних функцій у сфері ЦЗ. 
 Причини такого стану системи полягають у недостатньому рівні організації управління в сфері ЦЗ, зокрема, через відсутність: нормативно-правого забезпечення деяких функціональних підсистем; чіткого розмежування повноважень між різними суб’єктами забезпечення ЦЗ; достатнього досвіду та необхідних знань у керівників та фахівців всіх ланок управління системи цивільного захисту.
 На основі досвіду побудови і функціонування систем, що накопичений провідними країнами світу та здатності забезпечити надійний захист населення і територій від надзвичайних ситуацій, визначені основні критерії ефективного їх функціонування. На основі наукового та економічного обґрунтування наведений варіант механізму постановки завдань ЦіМОВВ у сфері ЦЗ. В загальному випадку визначені основні етапи постановки завдань з використанням ітераційної процедури.
 В статті запропоновано механізм наукового обґрунтування завдань ЦіМОВВ у сфері ЦЗ шляхом проведення системного аналізу щодо формування, постановки та можливостей реалізації завдань ЦіМОВВ у сфері ЦЗ, визначено низка відповідних чинників, причин та передумов, які негативно впливають на ефективність функціонування інституційних складових ЄДСЦЗ.
 В статті наголошено, що спроможність до реалізації поставлених завдань органів виконавчої влади у сфері ЦЗ в межах їх повноважень і компетенцій залежить від наявності достатнього нормативно-правового, фінансового, матеріально-технічного та кадрового забезпечення, а також від умов певної обстановки при загрозі та виникненні надзвичайної ситуації.