The authors argue that the creation of civic capacity requires administrators to expand their repertoire of strategies for cultivating effective citizenship. Traditional models of citizenship perpetuate a false dichotomy between a civic republican tradition that emphasizes substantive agreement through face to face communi cation and a procedural republic tradition that emphasizes formal rules and processes to ensure access to, and fair treatment in, the public decision making processes. The authors argue that these two citizenship traditions are necessary but not sufficient to make democracy work. Both need to be supplemented by social-capital creating strategies that emphasize institutional knowledge and the skills of broke ring and partnering across organizational, jurisdictional, and sectoral boundaries. This hybrid view of citizenship, when combined with our two traditional models, refocuses citizenship away from being ruled toward learning how to rule and the ends this rule is intended to serve.