Civic Pride Research Articles

Drivers of sustained hygiene behaviour change: A case study from mid-western Nepal

Behaviour change is central to the prevention of many population health problems, yet it is typically difficult to initiate and sustain. This paper reports on an evaluation of a water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention in mid-western Nepal, with particular focus on the drivers and barriers for handwashing with soap/ash and elimination of open defecation. The research was conducted during October–November 2014, two and half years following the intervention’s end-point. Qualitative data were collected from the target community (n = 112) via group discussions, interviews and drawings/stories of ‘most significant change’. Households’ handwashing/water facilities and toilets were observed. Analysis was informed by a model that highlights environmental, psychosocial and technological factors that shape hygiene behaviours across multiple levels, from the habitual to the structural (Dreibelbis et al. 2013). Findings indicate the intervention has supported development of new norms around hygiene behaviours. Key drivers of sustained hygiene behaviour were habit formation, emotional drivers (e.g. disgust, affiliation), and collective action and civic pride; key constraints included water scarcity and socio-economic disadvantage. Identifying and responding to the drivers and constraints of hygiene behaviour change in specific contexts is critical to sustained behaviour change and population health impact.

Going for the Gold: The Economics of the Olympics

In this paper, we explore the costs and benefits of hosting the Olympic Games. On the cost side, there are three major categories: general infrastructure such as transportation and housing to accommodate athletes and fans; specific sports infrastructure required for competition venues; and operational costs, including general administration as well as the opening and closing ceremony and security. Three major categories of benefits also exist: the short-run benefits of tourist spending during the Games; the long-run benefits or the “Olympic legacy” which might include improvements in infrastructure and increased trade, foreign investment, or tourism after the Games; and intangible benefits such as the “feel-good effect” or civic pride. Each of these costs and benefits will be addressed in turn, but the overwhelming conclusion is that in most cases the Olympics are a money-losing proposition for host cities; they result in positive net benefits only under very specific and unusual circumstances. Furthermore, the cost–benefit proposition is worse for cities in developing countries than for those in the industrialized world. In closing, we discuss why what looks like an increasingly poor investment decision on the part of cities still receives significant bidding interest and whether changes in the bidding process of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) will improve outcomes for potential hosts.

The Boy Who Cried Wolf? Media Messaging and Traveler Responses to “Carmageddon” in Los Angeles

One of the most heavily traveled freeways in the United States closed for construction over weekends in 2011 and 2012. Some public officials publicized the closures by appealing to civic pride whereas others threatened nightmarish delays they dubbed “Carmageddon.” In 2011, contrary to many media predictions, traffic flowed freely at volumes far below normal levels. Our analysis finds that travelers did not switch routes, modes, or trip timing, but instead forewent thousands of trips. Travel behavior changes were far more modest and mixed during the second closure in 2012. Although the lack of traffic problems surprised many public officials, we find traveler responses to both events congruent with past research. Traveler responses to the first event were more dramatic but short-lived, while more modest but durable responses to the second event suggest that travelers learned from, and were perhaps jaded by, the histrionics surrounding the first closure.

Urban civic pride and the new localism

Civic pride relates to how places promote and defend local identity and autonomy. It is often championed as a key value and aspiration of local government. This paper argues that civic pride has been under‐examined in geography, and in particular the emotional meanings of pride need to be better understood. In response, I present an emotional analysis of civic pride and discuss its role in British cities, particularly in the context of urban regeneration and the UK's new localism agenda. In the latter part of the paper I provide a case study of Nottingham in England, where I employ a discourse analysis of recent urban policy and local media to examine how civic pride is being mobilised and contested in the city. Examining civic pride is important because it shapes and reflects the political values that local governments stand for and provides a basis for thinking about how emotions are used strategically (and problematically) in urban policy. This paper complements and challenges existing literature on cities by showing how civic pride shapes, but also obscures, the ideological politics of local government and how, as geographers, we might consider more seriously the ways forms of power, identity and inequality are reproduced and contested through emotions such as pride.

The Economic Impact and Civic Pride Effects of Sports Teams and Mega‐Events: Do The Public and the Professionals Agree?

AbstractOften sports leagues, organising committees, and team owners justify the use of public funds to build sports stadiums by the perceived economic impacts and civic pride generated by the teams or mega‐events. Since the 1980s many economic studies have examined the economic impact and civic pride created by professional sports teams. Most of the economic literature finds sports teams or mega‐events have little or no economic impact, but there are mixed findings on the magnitude of civic pride. Overall, most of the economic literature suggests that the benefits created by sports teams or events do not outweigh the cost of public subsidies provided. We conduct a survey of public opinion on US residents’ perceptions of economic impacts and civic pride benefits from mega‐events such as the Super Bowl and the Winter Olympics. Our study asks the question: Do residents believe that mega‐events and sports teams generate positive economic impacts and civic pride or not? We find that, like economists, the public doubts that public funding of mega‐events is a good idea.

The effect of income - mix on place attachment as civic pride in Seoul - Using the Seoul Survey -

The effect of income - mix on place attachment as civic pride in Seoul - Using the Seoul Survey -

The Afterlife of the Hephaisteion: The <em>Interpretatio Christiana</em> of an Ancient Athenian Monument

This article examines the afterlife of the Hephaisteion in Athens and explores the reasons for its comparatively “gentle” transformation from pagan temple to Christian basilica during the 5th century A.D. The author proposes an Interpretatio Christiana for the ancient iconography of the sculpted metopes and friezes. This Christian reading is supported by historical factors such as the Athenian civic pride that was felt at the time and economic developments that are related to the increase in building construction in the Agora. It appears that these factors were responsible for the moderate adaptation of the Hephaisteion at a time when temples in the eastern Roman Empire were more often destroyed and replaced rather than reused and preserved.

Basic Design and the Semiotics of Citizenship: Julian Beinart’s Educational Experiments and Research on Wall Decoration in Early 1960s Nigeria and South Africa

From 1961 to 1965, Julian Beinart, an architecture lecturer at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, embarked on a series of basic design workshops in Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Rhodesia, and Kenya. Inspired by his MIT instructors Kevin Lynch and György Kepes, Beinart was interested in the development of a new popular visual language, one that would mediate African societies’ transition to postcolonial modernity. Concurrently, Beinart documented and analyzed wall decorations made by the residents of the government-built houses of Western Native Township in Johannesburg. Home to black Africans who were subject to racial segregation and displacement policies that predated the apartheid regime, the Township’s residents faced another eviction in the early 1960s. By using photography, analytical drawings, and diagrammatic maps, Beinart created a counter-archive against the state, in which he interpreted the residents’ beautification and improvement of their houses as acts of resistance; an expression of civic pride where the urban poor performed citizenship under extreme social-economic duress. Analyzing the decorations as a system of communication that transcended ethnic traditions, Beinart used them as an “index of de-tribalization” that could set the ground for the creation of an African urban modernity.

The Gates of Charity: Images of City and Community in the Early Modern Dutch Orphanage

In the seventeenth century, Dutch charitable institutions were the subject of international praise and the object of civic pride, and their public façades communicated a message of central importance to its citizens. In this essay, I examine the iconography of seventeenth-century “gates of charity,” focusing on the almoner’s orphanage in Gouda and the Holy Ghost orphanage in Leiden. I relate them to other orphanages in the Dutch Republic to show developments in their iconography. The façade decorations demonstrate the responsibilities of the city as benefactor, the expectations of its citizens and the supposed effects of charity upon the community. At the gates, the worlds of the rich and the poor collided. Here, charity could flourish making the community a mirror image of the heavenly realm. The gate portrays the perfect society as one that assists its poor and strengthens its communal ties.

Media, Culture, and the Meanings of Hockey

This essay describes a plan for investigating the cultural meanings of hockey in Canada by examining media narratives of high-level amateur and professional hockey during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, this project analyzes English Canadian newspaper coverage of Stanley Cup games between 1894 and 1907, as well as the telegraph reconstructions that enabled fans to share a simultaneous experience of distant games. Media coverage of hockey brought Canadians into local and national communities of interest, while constructing narratives of manhood, regional rivalry, and civic pride. Hockey played a significant role in the construction of gender and class identities, and in debates about amateurism, professionalism, and community representation in sport. By exploring key issues related to media, gender, and community identities in early hockey, this research addresses important gaps in the study of sport history and the analysis of sport and Canadian popular culture.

‘Our Victorias Victorious’: Media, Rivalry, and the 1896 Winnipeg-Montreal Stanley Cup Hockey Challenges

This study analyzes media coverage of the two Stanley Cup hockey challenges played by the Winnipeg Victorias and the Montreal Victorias in February and December 1896. First presented in 1893, the Stanley Cup symbolized the national hockey championship of Canada. The essay argues that newspaper reports and telegraph reconstructions of early Stanley Cup hockey matches brought Canadians into both local and national communities of interest centred on sport, while helping to create a mediated Canadian ‘hockey world’ in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The 1896 Stanley Cup contests were likely the first two games in which the technology of telegraphy was applied to the sport of hockey in such a way that large crowds in distant cities could experience matches as they were being played. In addition, this study examines the regional and interurban rivalries that were expressed through Stanley Cup competition. Newspapers depicted Montreal and Winnipeg hockey teams as representatives of east-west conflict and difference, as well as embodiments of community identity and civic pride.

An Exception in War and Peace: Ipswich Town Football Club, c. 1907–1945

ABSTRACTThis article explores the development of a football club as a means of understanding its late adoption of professionalism and its unusual wartime conduct. Ipswich Town were the only Football League team not to kick a ball for the duration of the Second World War. Arguably, the underlying causes of the club's inactivity in both global conflicts can be found in the patriotic and staunchly amateur ethos that permeated the organisation, resulting in a very late conversion to the professional game in 1936. When the Amateur Football Association (AFA) seceded from the Football Association (FA) in 1907, Ipswich Town sided with the gentlemen amateurs and competed in the socially-exclusive Southern Amateur League until the season before the club adopted professionalism. The unique nature of Ipswich Town's evolution offers an opportunity to explore the decline of this branch of the game in the face of professional football, the protagonists who were caught up in it, and the relationship between football and civic pride. In wartime, the human and social continuities between the professional company and its amateur predecessor arguably proved to be more influential than the ruptures that resulted from a controversial inter-war abandonment of cherished amateur principles.

Належна повага: честь у житті права

Author discusses some of the challenges to the law caused by the situation, when there is a mismatch between legal norms and the norms of honor; and suggests ways of counteraction with some of these challenges. The dignity is the apt response to the belief that one has gained the right to be respected, just as a feeling of shame is appropriate, when one has lost that right. The honor codes of social groups provide the foundations for the gaining, maintaining or losing the right to respect. Therefore on the one hand honor mediates between pride and shame, on the other hand, between the social norms. One of the central effects of criminal punishment on those who belong to a civic honor world is to express the community’s judgment that an offender has violated an important kind of norm; and the natural response of others in that civic honor world is recognizing that the offender has thereby lost the right to respect for himself. If the offender shares that judgment, he or she feels shame. The converse mechanism — in response to honorable actions — plays a prominent role in generating the experience of civic pride.

Study on a measure to develop civic pride through participatory and circular "community memory map"

Study on a measure to develop civic pride through participatory and circular "community memory map"

Review: Origins of Classical Architecture: Temples, Orders, and Gifts to the Gods in Ancient Greece, by Mark Wilson Jones

Mark Wilson Jones Origins of Classical Architecture: Temples, Orders, and Gifts to the Gods in Ancient Greece New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014, 304 pp., 65 color and 170 b/w illus. $66, ISBN 9780300182767 The question of how the classical orders achieved their canonical form was first explored by Vitruvius in his Ten Books on Architecture , written at the end of the first century BC.1 In modern times, architects and architectural historians have closely examined extant structures, archaeological evidence, and ancient art in order to identify the sources of inspiration and understand the meanings of classical forms. Among these, Barbara A. Barletta has provided a thorough consideration of the literary and archaeological evidence regarding the Greek architectural orders, and J. J. Coulton has offered a thoughtful investigation of the nature of structure and design.2 In his most recent book, Mark Wilson Jones, an architect and architectural historian, approaches the subject with a sensitivity to design processes and material culture and a thorough grounding in theoretical and philosophical frameworks. The book’s subtitle, Temples, Orders, and Gifts to the Gods in Ancient Greece , indicates a primary thesis that the temple must be understood within the context of the sanctuary, and the connection between temples and gifts to the gods is explicit. The temple is an expression of piety, civic pride, and competition, and its mature structure and decorative forms are the result of cross-fertilization between architecture and a wide range of votive objects that inhabit the same sacred space. In chapters 1 and 2 of Origins of Classical Architecture , Wilson Jones examines the nature and origins of the Greek temple and observes that the temple was not, in fact, essential to religious practice. The ritual acts of sacrifice at an altar, dedication of votive objects, and prayer did not require the existence of a temple. The temple served as the house of the god, protecting venerable cult images and functioning as a repository for valuable offerings. Since congregational worship was not …

When Beer Was Off-side: Drink, Sport, and the Ideals of Civic Citizenship in Two Ontario Cities, 1934-44

When licensed hotel beverage rooms were opened in Ontario in 1934, the Liquor Control Board tried to ensure that these places were located away from places where individuals assembled who might be vulnerable to temptation. Accordingly, the board refused licences to hotels located near churches, playgrounds, or schools. It also was wary of licensing places near hockey arenas. Considerable confusion arose, therefore, when hotels sought licences near Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto and the Garden City Arena in St. Catharines. The former was a major professional entertainment complex, while the latter was a point of civic pride built at least partly through public subscription. The ensuing controversies in both cases underscore the conflicting relationship between healthy physical activity and morally questioned drinking spaces, while exploring the shifting priorities of a liquor control board that sought to ensure that alcohol was consumed by the public in a socially orderly manner.

Evolution or revolution? The changing role of city archives in Australia

The City of Adelaide, established in 1840, is Australia’s oldest municipality. The City of Canberra is perhaps its youngest. The official archival institutions of both cities were established to serve notions of civic pride and a desire to support research into the history and development of newly identified communities. Over the intervening years each has evolved into an entity equally interested in modern recordkeeping, becoming an advisor on current information needs as well as a custodian of each local community’s archival heritage. In this paper, case studies of the history and development of these two institutions form a framework in which to trace the fortunes of municipal archives and archivists in Australia. The paper provides a broad overview of the activities and areas of focus of city and other local government archives in Australia, primarily during the period of the existence of the Australian Society of Archivists’ Local Government Archives Special Interest Group. These changes are viewed in the context of two key environmental factors of the time. The first is the increasing influence of new public management theory and its impact on local government reform agendas. The second is the acceptance by many Australian professionals of the records continuum model as a means of explaining the need for a closer relationship between records and archives management.

A plan for citizen's co-creative exhibition that demonstrates a civic pride

A plan for citizen's co-creative exhibition that demonstrates a civic pride

Event and Quality of Life: A Case Study of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture

Events are emerging worldwide and are seen to have significant economic, cultural and social impacts on the host city. However, too often, the host cities focused most of their efforts on funding of events, with too little attention given to assess the impacts of event on residents’ quality of life (QoL). Cultural events, with the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) as a prominent example, have emerged as a means of improving the QoL of host cities in Europe. Based on a case study of Liverpool as the 2008 ECOC, this paper aims at conceptualising the articulation between cultural event and its wider QoL effects. Methodologically, both objective and subjective measures were used to provide a more complete evaluation of the impacts of cultural event, including economic impacts (i.e., the effects of tourism development and parallel urban regeneration), cultural impacts (the effects of event programmes and volunteering as well as the increase of cultural participation) and social impacts (the enhancement of civic pride, self-image and sense of place). It was done by drawing on a series of official documents – Impacts 08 research programme, supplemented by academic publications. To transmit the value of case study, this research provides also some suggestions for implementing effective event-led strategies for QoL improvement, and the solutions for potential challenges.

Methods and Techniques in Using Collective Memory in Urban Design: Achieving Social Sustainability in Urban Environments

Urban settlements are full of inhabitants’ memories. Some of these memories are individual but the other ones are social. Collective memory is the group memory, the negotiated and selective recollections of a specific group. As a socially manifested individual psychological capacity, it can play an important role in sustainable development_ as a kind of development that equally provides environmental, economic and social services for citizens in a community in such a way that natural, social, economic and man-made systems be in a safe condition. In the previous decades, environmental and economic dimensions were the main focuses of attention. The social dimension of sustainability has become an important component in sustainable discourse since 2000. Collective memory can affect some key theme areas of social sustainability such as social networks, health, identity of community, civic pride, neighborhood perceptions, and community participation. Therefore, conservation and representation of citizens’ collective memory will enhance social sustainability and facilitate sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to investigate about how collective memory can be used in architecture, urban design or urban space design for increasing urban sustainability. To achieve this, an inductive method has been adopted for recognizing main approaches in using collective memories through a comparative study about some experiences and then a deductive method has been adopted to discover some techniques for representing collective memory-as negotiated and selective recollections of a special community- based on the findings of semiotics. The research findings indicate two main approaches in using collective memory (conservation of memorable objects and representing collective memories). Finally, the study concludes a matrix to model various techniques for representing collective memories, using the findings of semiotics. The study shows the various potential layers and some important facilities of collective memories that can be applied in architecture and urban design projects.