History Of Civilization Research Articles

Research Trends in Public Libraries as Public Spheres in Library and Information Science: Topic Modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Abstract Public libraries and public spheres have been widely studied over the past three decades. In recent years, several studies have comprehensively reviewed past research results to reveal the main issues, concerns, and research topics in the field of public libraries and public spheres. These studies have elucidated that the research theme of public libraries as a ‘meeting place’ has received increasing attention. They also noted the need for quantitative approaches in this field. Addressing this requirement, we conducted quantitative topic modelling using latent Dirichlet allocation and established an overview of research topics in the literature related to public libraries as public spheres. The following four periods emerged: first period (1993–2003), second period (2004–2010), third period (2011–2015), and fourth period (2016–2022). By analysing a cross-section of research topics from all periods, we elucidated the transitions of research themes developed in the research field. In addition, our comparison of topic model maps and topics over the years revealed that research topics appear to have become increasingly complex. Research topics on meeting places in public libraries have emerged continually and changed over time, covering (1) places for individual civic group activities, (2) public spaces where patrons face diversity and pluralism, (3) community spaces where patrons foster social trust, and (4) social spaces where patrons build social capital in the community. This result indicates that the research on public libraries as public spheres has gradually developed based on these venues being meeting places and will continue to progress.

Global Health Governance and International Law in India: A Socio-Legal Study

India is a culturally and historically rich nation. India has hosted several ancient civilizations that differed greatly from one another in many aspects of life due to its large geographic expanse, varied climate, and unique environmental conditions. India boasts a vast diversity and cultural ethos that is unmatched in comparison to other regions of the world, encompassing a wide range of faiths, dialects, cuisines, climates, cultures, and social systems. It is a well-established truth that health problems existed wherever there were humans. Given that India is the starting point of early organised communities and historical civilizations, it is evident that healthcare and health were prevalent there long before. Since the beginning of time, historical texts have been filled with references to a wide range of health-related topics. An attempt will be made to conduct a study on court rulings and reports of the Government of India in the proper places in order to support the proposed study and determine how the law pertaining to the right to health is being implemented. Thus, the study's technique, which is an analytical doctrinal approach, has been used.

The pursuit of ‘good’ Internet policy

AbstractAs our digital society continues to advance, an increasingly diverse array of scholars, policymakers, civic interest groups, companies and regulatory bodies from around the world are seeking to have an increased say in its governance. This diversity makes the challenge of achieving ‘good’ Internet policy more complex and contested. Of course, the notion of 'good Internet policy' raises several important questions: What defines a good Internet policy? Who is it intended for? How can it be achieved and evaluated? Why is it worth pursuing? The papers in this collection explore a number of issues relevant to this pursuit. They include research into deploying digital systems to increase participation in democratic elections and other e‐governance initiatives, navigating the intersection of local norms and global rules, addressing algorithmic discrimination, confronting the role of conspiracy theories in democratic processes, defining responsibility in content moderation, balancing legal certainty with operational flexibility in platform governance and the potential for data justice in AI governance.

Historical Studies: The Social Life Of Muslim Minorities In The United States

This article describes the history of Islamic civilization in the Muslim minority country of America. The United States is secular but provides opportunities for every religion to grow and develop. The development of Islam in America cannot be separated from the scholars there. The method used in this paper is the Library research method (literature study). The results of this study noted that Islam is very developed in America compared to other religions when many Americans embrace Islam. Several Islamic financial and banking institutions were established in America Finance House Riba in California, which offers home financing based on Sharia principles. In addition, the emergence of Islamic economics and finance in this country was not as smooth as in other countries. Muslim minorities have established large organizations to help each other, such as ISNA, CAIR, and Islamic Relief USA.

Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Adat: Studi Kasus Masyarakat Kampung Naga

In the era of globalization, indigenous communities are increasingly at risk of losing their identity and traditional values. Kampung Naga, one of the oldest traditional villages in Indonesia, has a complex social and cultural system. This study aims to deeply examine the role of traditional institutions in shaping and instilling civic values in the indigenous community of Kampung Naga. Through a qualitative case study method, this research analyzes the structure of traditional institutions, decision-making mechanisms, and customary practices related to citizenship. The results of the study show that traditional institutions have a central role in preserving the values of mutual cooperation, consensus-based decision-making, and respect for nature. Customary practices such as traditional ceremonies, village meetings, and social sanctions serve as effective social control mechanisms in shaping the character of good citizens. This study concludes that the traditional institutions of Kampung Naga can serve as a model for the development of character education and citizenship rooted in local values.

Multi-Functional Repair and Long-Term Preservation of Paper Relics by Nano-MgO with Aminosilaned Bacterial Cellulose.

Paper relics, as carrieres of historical civilization's records and inheritance, could be severely acidic and brittle over time. In this study, the multi-functional dispersion of nanometer magnesium oxide (MgO) carried by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane-modified bacterial cellulose (KH550-BC) was applied in the impregnation process to repair aged paper, aiming at solving the key problems of anti-acid and strength recovery in the protection of ancient books. The KH550-BC/MgO treatment demonstrated enhanced functional efficacy in repairing aged paper, attributed to the homogeneous and stable distribution of MgO within the nanofibers of BC networks, with minimal impact on the paper's wettability and color. Furthermore, the treatment facilitated the formation of adequate alkali reserves and hydrogen bonding, resulting in superior anti-aging properties in the treated paper during prolonged preservation. Even after 30 days of hygrothermal aging tests, the paper repaired by KH550-BC/MgO was still in a gently alkaline environment (pH was about 7.56), alongside a 32.18% elevation compared to the untreated paper regarding the tear index. The results of this work indicate that KH550-BC/MgO is an effective reinforcement material for improving the long-term restoration of ancient books.

Social mix and social interaction: evidence from Los Angeles County

Research shows that policy tools to reduce residential segregation are also effective to reduce economic inequality and, for decades, achieving the adequate level of 'social mix' has been an important policy goal in housing and community policy fields. Yet whether social mix creates social interactions, thus producing favourable social outcomes, is still disputed. This study aims to expand the empirical record on the modus operandi of social mix and its policy viability, and to provide useful information on relevant contextual factors to prescribe effective social mix policies to improve social interaction. We fit interactive linear models to data from Los Angeles County in California, USA, to test the hypothesis that social mix (measured via residential income mix) promotes social interactions (in the form of civic, daily-life, and political activities and group memberships), and to examine whether arts and recreation centres (i.e. the places where social interactions occur to produce social mix) moderate the effect of residential income mix on favourable social outcomes. Results show that while residential income mix is negatively associated with social interactions, recreation centres help income-mixed communities increase social interactions among their residents. We also find evidence that communities with higher income mix levels manifest higher social interaction as there are more arts and recreation centres in their communities. Our findings shed light on why social mix policy works in some communities but does not work in others, elucidating why previous research displays conflicting claims.

Implementasi Integrasi Nasional Ditinjau dari Nilai-Nilai Kewarganegaraan dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Mahasiswa Prodi PGSD Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

This research was conducted to find out how much National Integration is implemented in terms of civic values in an effort to realize the welfare of PGSD study program students at PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya. The importance of citizenship for PGSD study program students at PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya so that they have a strong grip on avoiding and solving national problems. This will support students to have basic competencies, namely becoming scientists who have a sense of nationality and love of the country, are civilized democracies, become citizens who are competitive, disciplined, and actively participate in building a peaceful life based on civic values. students as the nation's next generation of young people to provide national values and a comprehensive understanding of the archipelago, national resilience, rights and obligations as citizens, democracy, the constitution and human rights in facing challenges.

Pentingnya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam Mengatasi Krisis Moral di Era Milenial Mahasiswa Farmasi Universitas PGRI Adi Buana

The moral crisis that is currently hitting the millennium era has raised deep concerns about the moral values of today's society. The ethical crisis in the millennial era is becoming an increasingly deep and complex problem. Various factors, such as the influence of globalization, technological progress, and social change, have shaped the context of individual behavior and weakened basic moral values. In this context, this review examines the importance of citizenship education as the main solution for forming individual character and social ethics in the millennium era. This study discusses the concept of citizenship education, the role of educational institutions and the challenges faced in realizing civic values in education. The research results highlight the importance of citizenship education in overcoming the current moral crisis and emphasize the need for cooperation between government, educational institutions and society to achieve this goal.

관광과 지역 정체성 정치

Despite being one of Korea's six major cities during the Japanese colonial era, Mokpo has declined to a small local city post-liberation. Since the establishment of the local government system, Mokpo has aimed to reinvent itself as a tourist destination. Over the past 20 years, the city has implemented six major tourism development and promotion projects, including night scenery lighting, a marine music fountain, urban regeneration of the old city center, a suspension cable car, hotel construction on Samhakdo Island, and branding Mokpo as a “romantic harbor city.” Throughout this process, there have been conflicts, competition, and cooperation with various civic and local interest groups. This research, based on related studies and Logan & Molotch's (2007) growth machine theory, analyzes how different groups formed growth and anti-growth coalitions and how they struggled over six key projects. Newspaper articles documenting these conflicts, competition, and cooperation were reviewed. To enhance reliability and validity, peer review and an interview with a local newspaper editor were conducted. The findings show that while the growth machine theory is useful in examining Mokpo's coalitions and their conflicts, it has limitations in fully explaining the phenomenon's complexity. The study concludes by discussing future research directions and the role of deliberative democracy in sustaining Mokpo's development as a tourist city.

Chronological and Archaeometric Evaluation of Bricks from Archaeological Sites of Upper Assam, Northeast India: Estimation of the Firing Temperature and Civilization History

Chronological and Archaeometric Evaluation of Bricks from Archaeological Sites of Upper Assam, Northeast India: Estimation of the Firing Temperature and Civilization History

The role of public art has changed in recent times: a study

Public art which falls under the institutional category of visual arts primarily focuses on audience engagement and public representation. Additionally, there are other types of art in public settings that are designed for audience participation. The term Public Art means to those works of art commissioned and sponsored, monuments, memorials, and civic statues and sculpture installed in physical public domain by the Government and agencies and organization, which are especially significant within the Art World. The term is sometimes also applied to include and art which is exhibited in a public space these public art are basically symbolic, imaginary and illustrative representation on the Historical, political and cultural and civic values of the state. While speaking of public sculptures we often speak in terms of its artistic identity i.e. we always look at it and recognize merely as a piece of art only. We cannot undermine its importance in day to day social, cultural and political life. The presence of these pieces of art in any society holds a cultural recognition of that particular society. These are like the index or contents of a book that are sufficient enough to explain the entire subject matter. These public sculptures have become a part and partial of our day to day life. Since the colonial times to the modern era, in India, public art has undergone numerous changes. The institutions of public art and the public realm, media, genres, and forms of public art have all changed over time. Since the last two decades, site-specificity, public engagement, and process-based activities have been the main focuses of art in public spaces. Two types of public space can be distinguished. The first is the actual public space as a location, site, piece or thing. The second is the discursive public space, which is an abstract/conceptual area created briefly as a result of private individuals coming together to talk about or share important and light-hearted subjects. According to Habermas, this discursive space is the public sphere, which includes gatherings and encounters of people in public places like coffee shops, streets, community centers, and parks.

Telaah Kritis Aksiologi Sains Modern Persepektif Naquid Al-Attas dan Implementasinya Dalam Komunikasi Ilmiah

The modern scientific revolution, which Thomas Kuhn said was caused by a shift in the scientific paradigm, brought major changes totechnological developments, especially in the 20th century. Apart from modern science bringing many benefits to humans, it turns out toobrings extraordinary side effects, including continuous natural damage and humanitarian disaster, as also statedby Naquib Al-Attas. The scientific challenges brought by Western culture have resulted in the development of modern science which is full of Western view of reality and truth. One of the elements of Western civilization is tragedy that shows the search the truth and nature and purpose of life are endless, so he is always in search, but never achieves what he wantssearching for. This perspective also influenced the development of modern science. This article attempts to explicitly highlight the effects aside from modern science, as well as Naquib Al-Attas's view of modern science from its axiological side. Method usedis an in-depth literature review. From this article it can be stated with certainty that the treasures of Islamic scholarship have providedfoundation for the development of knowledge, especially science. This is proven in the history of Islamic civilization, how the ulama and Muslim scientists provide clear signs in the development of science. One important aspect that needs to be considered is maqashid syari'ah for the development of science. The way of looking at nature as an object and humans as a subject must be referred to to the Islamic perspective of viewing reality and truth. Besides that, the paradigm of scientific development and progress Modernism must refer to a paradigm based on an Islamic worldview which emphasizes that development and progress are necessary focused on one constant thing, namely the purpose and meaning of human life as caliph on Earth. This frame of mind can become a reference for the scientific community to be able to truly play the role of caliph on Earth, so that they can prevent further natural damage and human disasters.

Confrontation between Shamkhalate and Kabarda in the 16<sup>th</sup> century (the issue of international relations in the North Caucasus)

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of the regional system of international relations in the North Caucasus in the 16th century. The era of the Horde khans and Shirvanshahs is forever a thing of the past, and they were replaced by new empires: the Safavids, the Ottomans and the Moscow state. With the help of world-system analysis the article reveals the transformation of the political landscape of the region that took place at that period. A new look at the Caucasian communities and their place in the history of civilization, as well as the forms happened to occur in the process of their integration into a particular state is offered to the reader's attention. The methods of identity formation used at that period are of great interest, as well as the hierarchical ideas that existed in the field of international relations. For the first time, the paper comes as an attempt to reconstruct the views on the balance of power then prevailing in the North Caucasus that correspond to the epoch under study.

Ethnic hierarchies versus civic values in a community of descent: Evidence from an interactive survey experiment in Germany

AbstractThis article examines whether German respondents in an interactive vignette experiment prefer immigrants who are ethno‐racially more proximate to the majority population versus whether immigrants find acceptance in German society as long as they follow the law and respect the rules and customs of society. The approach is both descriptive and experimental. The descriptive results indicate that despite liberalisation of immigration policies since 2000 there is a sizable reservoir of the German population who holds ethno‐racial attitudes. The interactive experimental approach distinguishes two treatments: race and reason for dismissal from a job of two fictitious immigrants who are applying for permanent residency in Germany. Results indicate that while German respondents react more harshly when the reason for dismissal is drug possession than race, the Black immigrant is treated with more hostility for the same infraction than the White immigrant, independently of whether the reason for dismissal from a job is being downsized or drug possession.

"KOSOVIZATION" OF SERBIAN MONUMENTAL CULTURE AND CREATION OF NEW IDENTITIES

Starting from the sociological understanding of culture as a set of determinants that channel social movements, the authors analyze the complex Kosovo-Metohija reality with a focus on material monumental heritage and its destruction with the aim of political revision of the past and falsification of Albanian identity. The vandalism of ethnic-religious instrumentalized Albanian groups is concealed by the construction of a media memory of collective memories, which aims at a manipulative strategy of gradually gaining the political support of world opinion. The analysis of characteristic case studies proved the destructiveness of the devastation of the monumental heritage for the Serbian identity, because without the symbolic bearers of the past, the national community that created also disappears. Demolished cemeteries, burned monasteries and churches, with expelled Serbs as bearers of symbolic meaning, opened up space for Albanian nationalists who, by "Kosovizing" Serbian cultural heritage, create their own identity, with the intention of showing that they have always lived in these areas. The theoretical framework is based on British cultural studies that use numerous forms of memorial culture to replace identity and change the culture of memory.

The Contribution of the Islamic Civilization Course to the Islamic Insight of Sharia Accounting Students at Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

<em>Islamic Civilization is one of the courses taught in the Sharia Accounting study program. The objectives of this study are to determine the contribution of Islamic civilization courses in providing in-depth understanding and its contribution to the Islamic insights of Islamic Accounting students. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results of this research indicated that the Islamic civilization course provided a significant contribution to the Islamic insight of Sharia Accounting students. Through this course, students gain an understanding of the history and development of Islamic civilization, the values contained therein, and the contributions of Islamic Civilization in various fields of life from time to time. With the understanding that has been obtained, students can become more competent and qualified and have a high awareness of Islamic values.</em>

Analysis of the Pacific Rim Austronesian Marine Civilization from a Cultural Exchange Perspective

Austronesian is the only large language family in the Pacific Rim Islands in the world. Its cultural continuity, which spans thousands of years, has attracted multi-disciplinary attention, thus becoming a major issue in exploration of the origin and development of human civilization. This paper shows that the Austronesians have utilized the human media identity of “nature users” to deal with maritime history and culture. In an “oral memory,” Austronesian people have turned the laws of nature into a visual memory language similar to that in comic books, thus giving myths, legends, and rituals “humanized and expanded media contents.” Their marine civilization developed in the course of socialization and features belief in and respect for nature. This process is a model of the continuity of a human civilization characterized by “human-nature interaction.” The marine civilization originating in the southeast coast of China is the foundation of the long history of Chinese civilization. This fine traditional Chinese culture that “complies with nature” presents the wisdom of China’s healthy development and integration with the world.

Об историко-цивилизационной и культурной роли философии в современном мире: Россия и Европа

When considering the relationship of history and cultural and civilizational processes with philosophy, a typology of two types of philosophy is proposed. More precisely, there are two types of philosophy of justice – “equivalence” and “qualification”. The first, unfortunately, is the most common in politics, especially European, Euro-Atlantic or rather Western, is one of the most significant causes of crises and wars, both in history and in modern times. It is the equivalence that, in fact, is synonymous with blood feud (talion), in which retribution becomes equivalent to a crime. In this case, each of the conflicting parties acts as a subject of law and considers itself an injured party. At the same time, one of the parties (as can be seen from the example of Europe when studying its history, especially the last 500 years of colonial history) considers itself to be the only source of rulemaking in the contractual coordinate system. Which in fact leads, without any exceptions, in the history and, most importantly, in the present, to the multiplication of conflicts and the rejection of peace negotiations in principle. Both the past and the present of the political, historical, civilizational, and cultural development of mankind testify to this. This is the philosophy of political solipsism. The qualification, or as it is called in Roman law – “humane justice in favor of freedom”, is more appropriate, as the experience of history in general and the historical development of Russia, in particular, with its multinational composition of statehood, which has preserved about 190 nations and nationalities during its centuries-old development, proceeds from the fact that the norm is not relative and it is not conventional, but has apodictic characteristic and it involves a long process of public-legal coordination of representative databases in the form of various socio-political relations (including conflict ones) in their correlation with the interests of conflicting subjects. And norms, the recognition of the universality and necessity of which on the part of the contracting parties is an indispensable condition for overcoming any crisis. This is the philosophy of political symphonism and synergy. When comparing the relationship between philosophy and history, philosophy and culture, it should be born in mind that it (philosophy) primarily carries the educational function, and at the same time the function of strategic planning, but not a predictive function. Otherwise, we get what can be called “parallel” or, as they say now, “block thinking”, unable to distinguish in the long term, medium-term, and even in the short term, the true and false types of progress, with all their consequences in the history of cultures and civilizations. Or what could be recognized as political solipsism, incapable of any interaction of cultures and negotiation processes in domestic affairs and international relations.

Analysis of the Role of Teachers in Increasing Citizenship Awareness Through Civics Learning in Elementary Schools

This study investigates the role of teachers in increasing students' civic awareness through Pancasila and Citizenship education (PPKn) provided in elementary schools. The research was carried out at SDN 060939, Jl. Turi Timbang Deli Medan Amplas District, Medan, The main aim of this research is to identify the approaches and approaches used by teachers in teaching citizenship concepts. In addition, this research will also investigate how this impacts students' understanding and perceptions of civic values. Qualitative case studies were conducted through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of curriculum documents. The research results show that teachers, through interactive learning, group discussions, and community-based projects, play an important role in increasing students' civic awareness. Apart from that, parental involvement and support from the school environment also contribute greatly to the quality of PPKn learning. This research emphasizes how important it is for teachers to receive ongoing training to improve their pedagogical skills.Besides that, limited time, availability of resources, and variations in student understanding are problems for teachers when teaching Civics. According to this research, schools and governments must provide better support to teachers through training, comprehensive open materials, and good learning environments. Thus, Civics learning is expected to increase students' civic awareness.