City Transport System Research Articles

Planning rolling stock maintenance: Optimization of train arrival dates at a maintenance center

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>A railway network is an indispensable part of the public transportation system in many major cities around the world. In order to provide a safe and reliable service, a fleet of passenger trains must undergo regular maintenance. These maintenance operations are lengthy procedures, which are planned for one year or a longer period. The planning specifies the dates of trains' arrival at the maintenance center and should take into account the uncertain duration of maintenance operations, the periods of validity of the previous maintenance, the desired number of trains in service, and the capacity of the maintenance center. The paper presents a nonlinear programming formulation of the considered problem and several optimization procedures which were compared by computational experiments using real world data. The results of these experiments indicate that the presented approach is capable to be used in real world planning process.</p>

РАЗРАБОТКА И СИСТЕМНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОГРАММЫ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В МЕГАПОЛИСЕ

The article reveals the content of measures to improve the organization of transport services in the metropolis. The key directions of the city transport system development are considered. The analysis of the offered offers is carried out. Keywords: metropolis, transport development, public transport, street and road network.

Spatio-Temporal Routing in Episodically Connected Vehicular Networks

The spatio-temporal routing in episodically connected vehicular networks es a communication pattern where the destination nodes is a set of vehicles that transit the destination region during the specified destination region. The spatio-temporal routing is well suited to support Smart City and Intelligent Transportation Systems applications (i.e. road safety, crowdsensing, entertainment). In this paper, we present Oportunistic Greedy Routing over Street-layout Graph (OGRoSG), a novel spatio-temporal routing protocol for episodically connected vehicular networks. Unlike previous works in the literature, OGRoSG takes advantage of information available in modern navigation systems, such as the streets map and the geographic position. The protocol performs greedy geographic routing, the notion of being closer to the destinationare a is based on the progress towards the destination region on the streets-map graph and the direction of the vehicles. In order to achieve this, the vehicles process the destination region and the street graph to generate a shortest-paths tree with an extended destination regionas root. This extended destination region guarantees that it covers the entire destination region and the paths that interconnect it. We evaluate the performance of the OGRoSG protocol using simulations in NS-3,using mobility traces generated in a map based in the city of Murcia, Spain. Our results show that OGRoSG outperforms a set of Spatio-Temporal variants of the Epidemic, Spray & Wait and Binary Spray & Wait routing protocols in terms of delivery ratio and overhead induced in the network.

Quality indicator of the smart city transportation and logistics system

Subject. The article considers functioning and development of process flows of transportation and logistics system of a smart city. Objectives. The study identifies factors and dependencies of the quality of human life on the organization and management of stream processes. Methods. I perform a comparative analysis of previous studies, taking into account the uniquely designed results, and the econometric analysis. Results. The study builds multiple regression models that are associated with stream processes, highlights interdependent indicators of temporary traffic and pollution that affect the indicator of life quality. However, the identified congestion indicator enables to predict the time spent in traffic jams per year for all participants of stream processes. Conclusions. The introduction of modern intelligent transportation systems as a component of the transportation and logistics system of a smart city does not fully solve the problems of congestion in cities at the current rate of urbanization and motorization. A viable solution is to develop cooperative and autonomous intelligent transportation systems based on the logistics approach. This will ensure control over congestion, the reduction of which will contribute to improving the life quality of people in urban areas.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF URBAN ELECTRIC TRANSPORT USING SADT METHODOLOGY

The issue of increasing the efficiency of urban electric transport through the introduction of CASE-technologies based on SADT-methodology is considered. The performance of the system analysis of the operation of urban electric transport is given. The system of urban electric transport is considered not as an isolated system that solves only its problems - making a profit, but in connection with the problems of the city, the population that uses transport services, enterprises that employ people who transport. The proposed methodology will allow to create a computer functional model of operation of electric vehicles in the IDEF0 format using the software package BPWin. It is shown that the operation of transport is a complex process consisting of three subsystems: operation management, commercial and technical operation. Each of these subsystems has its own functional tasks, which require appropriate resources. Therefore, to ensure resource conservation in the operation of rolling stock, the following levels of development are presented and considered: the city transport system, urban electric transport enterprises, technological processes of passenger transportation, maintenance, maintenance and repair of facilities and equipment. Also operation of city electric transport includes maintenance of vehicles in depot. This article describes the features of the impact of the rolling stock of urban electric transport on energy consumption, taking into account the influence of factors such as passenger cabin occupancy, mileage of the mobile unit when operating on the routes of large cities, operating speed. A new methodology for evaluating the work of a city electric transport company is presented, which allows to combine several different, economically independent enterprises into one functional model. It is shown that the use of the proposed model will make it possible to create a system of accounting for electricity consumption by different types of urban electric transport.

Low-cost computational systems applied to physical architectures in public transportation systems of intermediate cities

Public transportation systems in many cities of Latin America must employ physical architectures of intelligent transportation systems for the operation and control of passenger transportation vehicles. However, the high cost of specialized computational systems for this physical architectures in one of the higher impediments to the integration of this systems in the vehicle network. For the purpose of this work, is necessary to ask what are the currently low-cost computational systems used in vehicular applications. In this paper we made a documentary research to analyse the current computational systems associated with the physical architecture for public transportation in intermediate cities. We analysed collected information following the three points of methodological development for a documentary researches. Results shows that the use of low-cost computational systems for data capture in vehicles, the use of millimetre waves in the electromagnetic spectrum for data transmission by means of mobile communication networks, and the adoption of international standards, are viable alternatives for the integration of technologies into physical architectures of vehicle networks, in order to improve the operation of public passenger transportation systems in intermediate cities in Latin America.

Application of geoinformation systems to ensure sustainable development of the city transport system

Population increase and urbanization of cities in all countries in recent decades, therefore, ensuring the development of the urban environment has become an important and relevant issue. The article considers the possibility of using a geographic information system (GIS) to ensure the functioning of the city’s transport systems and the selected basic tools of spatial analysis: transport accessibility of the area, air pollution (emissions), noise pollution, energy consumption, route and transport network, traffic and transport network infrastructure. The main components of GIS in the field of transport are analyzed. In addition, it uses methods for collecting, researching, synthesizing, analyzing, evaluating and presenting data on the transport environment of the city. The development of the urban environment is associated with the creation of transport systems that require large costs for movement and economic feasibility.

An Energy Management Approach for Solar Charge Stations in Smart Cities

The rapid development of intelligent transportation system in smart cities offers great opportunities to improve the performance of energy management strategies (EMSs) for connected electric vehicles (EV) charging system. An electric vehicle charging station integrating Solar Photovoltaic Panel (PV), a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and based utility grid is designed for many scenarios. In the proposed system, the PV is the primary energy source with the battery for storing excessive energy to deliver the lowest possible electricity bill with the grid-tied to ensure power delivery| (power continuity). An efficient design of charging solar station with control strategy is developed for the optimal power management between solar, BESS, grid. By taking dynamic charging process of EVs battery, the power management flow in the station is formulated and validated using MATLAB. Machine learning methods will be applied to optimize proposed energy management system.

PrePCT: Traffic congestion prediction in smart cities with relative position congestion tensor

Traffic congestion prediction is a vital part of Intelligent Transportation Systems in smart cities. Effective methods for traffic congestion prediction can help people make travel plans reasonably with Advanced Traveler Information Systems. Most of the existing methods for traffic congestion prediction was designed for a specific location. The parameters need to be modified when applying these methods to different locations. Other studies on the traffic network require sophisticated data pre-processing such as map matching. In this paper, we build a model named Relative Position Congestion Tensor and propose a Predictor for Position Congestion Tensor for traffic congestion prediction. First, we design a novel approach to construct congestion matrix on region traffic networks using the concept of relative locations for road nodes and convert matrices into three-dimensional spatio-temporal tensors. Then, we propose a method based on convolutional long-short term memory network to predict congestion at all locations of the road network in the near future. The experiments show that in all locations where congestion often occurs, the proposed method significantly outperforms baseline models including Linear Regression, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Regression, Long-Short Term Memory and generally outperforms the Convolution-based deep Neural Network modeling Periodic traffic data. Furthermore, we study the internal structure of the Predictor for Position Congestion Tensor model to analyze the interpretability of the model for congestion prediction. The results show that the proposed model can accurately capture the temporal and spatial characteristics of traffic.

Stochastic synergies of urban transportation system and smart grid in smart cities considering V2G and V2S concepts

Serious challenges such as rapid growth in population, environmental pollution, and possibility of energy shortage have motivated researchers for designing optimal energy operation strategies through the concept of smart city. Buildings and electric transport systems, especially subway systems and Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEVs), are among the major energy consumption systems in a smart city. In this paper, a linear model is proposed for the co-optimization planning and operation of distributed energy resources and transportation systems in an interconnected system that analyzes the interactions of such an interconnected system. The idea of Regenerative Breaking Energy (RBE) is deployed to improve the operation of the subway system through the interconnected subway system in the smart city. For the optimal operation of the smart city, an optimization formulation is devised to minimize the total cost of the city in the presence of subway RBE. In this paper, the traffic and length of the routes are modeled considering Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Vehicle to Subway (V2S) located in the parking lots. Furthermore, the degradation model is developed to increase the PEVs’ battery life. An unscented transformation (UT) approach is utilized to construct a stochastic framework based on the uncertainty method, to handle the uncertain behaviors of PEVs and distributed energy resource and loads in the smart city. Finally, the proposed model is implemented and its performance is analyzed in both the stochastic and deterministic frameworks.

P2P Network Based Smart Parking System Using Edge Computing

Smart parking techniques are widely used in smart city and intelligent transportation systems. However, how to build a friendly and effective smart parking system in a large city is still a challenge. This paper proposes a P2P network based smart parking system using Edge Computing. It utilizes Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, and P2P network techniques to provide plenty of services including parking space inquiry, navigation, vehicle license plate recognition, payment, and accident query. The architecture of the system and the related protocols and algorithms are presented in detail. Compared with the existing smart parking systems, the proposed system is more friendly and effective.

Planning For Sustainability: Transportation and Land Use in Ilorin, Nigeria

The increase in the growth of cities and the numbers of people moving to cities in the last two decades have led to sharp increase in transportation demand and development of slums and urban sprawl. Cities like Lagos, Ibadan, Kano, Port-Harcourt and Ilorin and other areas in Nigeria are experiencing many pressure on land use such as;, free-space, transportation facilities and a host of urban related problems which urgently deserve planners’ attention. Ilorin is one of the fastest growing cities in Nigeria. The problems of transportation and land use in Ilorin can be summarized into the following: long queue of people daily at ‘bus stops’, the problem of old narrow streets in most of the unplanned areas of the city and the emerging incursion of transport infrastructural facilities into the residential areas. To address these and other urban land-use problems world-wide, various governments have put in place different urban renewal programmes, but in the case of Nigeria little impacts on the city transportation and land-use systems had taken place. This research used exploratory method to justify the essence of planning in transportation system and on land-use in order to enhance and maintain sustainable development. The paper also suggests some measures like; expansion of existing narrow roads and provision of necessary infrastructural facilities, inter modality light rail/tram, creation of modern parks at specified locations as well as enlargement of public and private partnerships-involving the Government, transport associations, financial institutions, the available universities and some other professional bodies to serve as panacea to problems highlighted.

Planning For Sustainability: Transportation and Land Use in Ilorin, Nigeria

The increase in the growth of cities and the numbers of people moving to cities in the last two decades have led to sharp increase in transportation demand and development of slums and urban sprawl. Cities like Lagos, Ibadan, Kano, Port-Harcourt and Ilorin and other areas in Nigeria are experiencing many pressure on land use such as;, free-space, transportation facilities and a host of urban related problems which urgently deserve planners’ attention. Ilorin is one of the fastest growing cities in Nigeria. The problems of transportation and land use in Ilorin can be summarized into the following: long queue of people daily at ‘bus stops’, the problem of old narrow streets in most of the unplanned areas of the city and the emerging incursion of transport infrastructural facilities into the residential areas. To address these and other urban land-use problems world-wide, various governments have put in place different urban renewal programmes, but in the case of Nigeria little impacts on the city transportation and land-use systems had taken place. This research used exploratory method to justify the essence of planning in transportation system and on land-use in order to enhance and maintain sustainable development. The paper also suggests some measures like; expansion of existing narrow roads and provision of necessary infrastructural facilities, inter modality light rail/tram, creation of modern parks at specified locations as well as enlargement of public and private partnerships-involving the Government, transport associations, financial institutions, the available universities and some other professional bodies to serve as panacea to problems highlighted.

The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities

The popularity and application of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasing rapidly all around the world—where, in simple terms, AI is a technology which mimics the behaviors commonly associated with human intelligence. Today, various AI applications are being used in areas ranging from marketing to banking and finance, from agriculture to healthcare and security, from space exploration to robotics and transport, and from chatbots to artificial creativity and manufacturing. More recently, AI applications have also started to become an integral part of many urban services. Urban artificial intelligences manage the transport systems of cities, run restaurants and shops where every day urbanity is expressed, repair urban infrastructure, and govern multiple urban domains such as traffic, air quality monitoring, garbage collection, and energy. In the age of uncertainty and complexity that is upon us, the increasing adoption of AI is expected to continue, and so its impact on the sustainability of our cities. This viewpoint explores and questions the sustainability of AI from the lens of smart and sustainable cities, and generates insights into emerging urban artificial intelligences and the potential symbiosis between AI and a smart and sustainable urbanism. In terms of methodology, this viewpoint deploys a thorough review of the current status of AI and smart and sustainable cities literature, research, developments, trends, and applications. In so doing, it contributes to existing academic debates in the fields of smart and sustainable cities and AI. In addition, by shedding light on the uptake of AI in cities, the viewpoint seeks to help urban policymakers, planners, and citizens make informed decisions about a sustainable adoption of AI.

Research on Government Support Policies for Coastal Transportation Projects Based on DEA-SBM Model

Shan, S., 2020. Research on government support policies for coastal transportation projects based on DEA-SBM model. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 262–265. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The transportation system of coastal cities is an important part of the social and economic system of coastal cities. The sustainability of its development is the premise to support the sustainable development of coastal cities. Sustainable development includes the planning, construction, operation, and management of transportation systems in coastal cities. In this paper, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluation model and method of synergy and development efficiency of a coastal city traffic system was put forward from the angle of input and output in the traffic system and each subsystem, the index system of sustainable development of coastal urban traffic system, and then the DEA evaluation model of the coordinated development of the coastal city traffic system.

Focus Group Interviews Employed in the Research Analysing Young Adults’ Behaviour on the Market of Alternative Means of City Transport

Shared transportation, directly corresponding to research on the sharing economy, is an important issue, directly linked with the issue of city transport, as well as that of alternative transport when analysed from a broader perspective. Forms of alternative city transport may be classified into two basic groups, different in terms of the manner in which they use their shared vehicles. It is either ride-sourcing or vehicle-sourcing (further broken down to car-sharing, bike-sharing and scooter-sharing). All the above-specified forms require access to a mobile app or a website and, consequently, some Internet and app-using skills, so it is obvious that they are predominantly used by young people. The fact prompted the author to research consumer behaviour in the sharing economy area among young people, who are regular users of the public transport available in Krakow. The research was conducted on a group of 96 respondents using qualitative method (FGI). The objective of the research was to identify the factors which determine some specific mobile behaviours in young adults in the area of alternative forms of the public transport, as well as identification of these forms of transport which are preferred and most popular among users. With all certainty, alternative forms of transport represent an attractive transportation offer addressed to young people, complementing the city transport system. Young people pointed to the particular importance of hedonistic factors prevailing n their choices, as they particularly appreciated reaching their destination in a fast, pleasant and comfortable anner, as well as the feeling of independence and freedom. However, alternative transport was certainly not hosen for reasons related to the environmental protection or economic aspects.

Approaches to optimization of functioning of cities by environmental criteria

The question of efficiency of transport systems is one of the actual questions of present time. Performing the duty from moving loads and providing the various blessing for an economy and population, transport become a source of the strongest contamination of environment simultaneously. Accordingly, to the basic task of "green" logistic, which consists in balancing of ecological and economic problems, in determination of optimal decisions at that at unchanging (or near to them) charges it is sorry inflicted by transport it will be an environment. The studies about a factor is undertaken in the article, that influence on efficiency of transport systems of cities, especially from the point of view of ecological constituent, and mathematical model have built, that allows to put and decide the task of forming and optimizations of functioning of transport systems of cities. Realizable practical development of complex algorithms that give an opportunity to expect the parameters of transpor- ecological processes, that is optimized with the aim of reduction of ecological contamination of city. Influence of a transport factor on the environment of city is considered on the example of city Mykolaiv, that has the wide, powerful system of transport, permanent freight and passenger streams and middle level of ecological contamination. For the complex decision of transport- ecological problems cities are applied approach is built on a pine methods of the dynamic programming and imitation design. His application does possible to put a task to optimization of functions of traffic control on the backbone network of transport highways with the different degree of working out on detail of municipal.

Traffic flow reconstruction by solving indeterminacy on traffic distribution at junctions

The knowledge of the real time traffic flow status in each segment of a whole road network in a city or area is becoming fundamental for a large number of smart services such as: routing, planning, dynamic tuning services, healthy walk, etc. Rescue teams, police department, and ambulances need to know with high precision the status of the network in real time. On the other hand, the costs to obtain this information either with direct measures meant to add instruments on the whole network or acquiring data from international providers such as Google, TomTom, etc. is very high. The traditional modeling and computing approaches are not satisfactory since they are based on many assumptions that typically are doomed to change over time, as it occurs with traffic distribution at junctions; in short they cannot cover the whole network with the needed precision. In this paper, the above problem has been addressed providing a solution granting any traffic flow reconstruction with high precision and solving the indeterminacy of traffic distribution at junctions for large networks. The identified solution can be classified as a stochastic relaxation technique and resulted affordable on a parallel architecture based on GPU. The result has been obtained in the framework of the Sii-Mobility national project on smart city transport systems in Italy, a very large research project, and it is at present exploited in a number of cities/regions across Europe and by a number of research projects (Snap4City, TRAFAIR) of the European Commission.

Parking Space Performance Evaluation In General Hospital City Ibnu Sina Gresik

Parking is one element means that can not be separated from road transport system as a whole. Parking is a problem that is often encountered in the urban transport system both in major cities and in the growing city. Parking problems are also a thing that can not be handled several hospitals. The number of hospital facilities will encourage people to visit the hospital. The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs of a parking space, to determine the pattern of the corresponding parking space is used in a general hospital Avicenna. The method applied in this research is to conduct a survey directly in the field include admission-out to get the data of the vehicle. Analysis of vehicle data to get a parking volume, accumulation, The results of the analysis obtained by the characteristics of parking for 2-wheel vehicles and wheels 4 have the highest volume in a row parking for 679 vehicles and 120 vehicles

MOBDA: Microservice-Oriented Big Data Architecture for Smart City Transport Systems

Highly populated cities depend highly on intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) for reliable and efficient resource utilization and traffic management. Current transportation systems struggle to meet different stakeholder expectations while trying their best to optimize resources in providing various transport services. This paper proposes a Microservice-Oriented Big Data Architecture (MOBDA) incorporating data processing techniques, such as predictive modelling for achieving smart transportation and analytics microservices required towards smart cities of the future. We postulate key transportation metrics applied on various sources of transportation data to serve this objective. A novel hybrid architecture is proposed to combine stream processing and batch processing of big data for a smart computation of microservice-oriented transportation metrics that can serve the different needs of stakeholders. Development of such an architecture for smart transportation and analytics will improve the predictability of transport supply for transport providers and transport authority as well as enhance consumer satisfaction during peak periods.