City Resources Research Articles

Inclusive digital economy, resource dependence and changes in the urban energy mix: City level analysis from China

The advent of an inclusive digital economy in China has reshaped urban dynamics, prompting shifts in resource reliance and altering energy consumption patterns. Given this, we conduct city-level data analysis to elucidate the intricate relationship between this digital transformation and changes in the urban energy mix from 2011 to 2022. This study provides an in-depth empirical analysis of how the digital economy (DE) affects the urban energy mix and explores the possible mechanisms of action behind it. The findings of the study are as follows: first, DE positively promotes the changes in the urban energy mix (CUEM); second, the promotion effect of DE on the urban energy mix is more obvious in southern cities, fifth-tier cities, cities with relatively low public environmental concern and higher degree of marketization; and third, the core mechanism indicates that DE promotes the change of urban energy structure by weakening the city's resource dependence (RSD). These findings provide valuable recommendations for city managers and policy makers, emphasizing that the importance of DE in the modern economic context is not limited to the economic realm, but also lies in its potential value in promoting environmental sustainability and social well-being.

Digital infrastructure empowerment and urban carbon emissions: Evidence from China

China is accelerating its entry into the digital age, and the contribution of digital infrastructure to the reduction of carbon emissions is becoming increasingly prominent. The influence mechanism of digital infrastructure on urban carbon emissions is empirically tested in this study from the standpoint of digital empowerment using panel data from 250 cities between 2008 and 2020. According to the study, digital infrastructure greatly lowers urban carbon emissions, with each additional mobile base station reducing carbon emissions by 36 tons. This conclusion remains robust even after controlling for endogeneity issues. The mechanism examination indicates that the decarbonization effect of digital infrastructure is mainly achieved by empowering enterprises, individuals, and governments with digital capabilities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effects of digital infrastructure on carbon emissions vary after considering variations in the city's administrative hierarchy, industrial structure, and resource types in China. According to the study's findings, developing countries should expand digital infrastructure construction and fully harness its potential for energy saving and emissions reduction to meet their emission reduction targets. At the same time, differentiated emission reduction policies should be formulated to adapt to the heterogeneous characteristics among cities and ensure that emission reduction measures are effectively implemented in each city.

Design of DCU Smart Lighting for Public Streetlights in Medan City

Currently, Medan City is developing a public streetlight project along the highways of Medan City. The Medan city government has spent billions to fix this. The construction of these public streetlights also consumes the city's electricity resources. Efficiency measures are needed to reduce the use of electricity for public streetlights. We propose this research using smart lighting technology. This device will detect human and vehicle movements, time settings, and step dimming that allows dynamic lighting and dimming. This technology also allows for communication from one device to another, such as if a pedestrian or car is detected, then the surrounding streetlights will turn on. This device will be equipped with PIR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and light sensors. With the development of Internet of Things technology currently, it is expected to help control remotely and have an integrated system. The control and monitoring system is connected via the internet. The parameters to be controlled are the presence of humans, vehicles, and lighting, and all these parameters can be monitored with web-based and Android applications. Based on the above studies, this research will design a public streetlight system using a Data Control Unit (DCU) to facilitate the control system, and this device will be integrated with sensors such as human sensors (PIR), light sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The system is in the form of smart lighting that can be monitored remotely, such as whether lights will be bright or dim if there are road users and vehicles, and each streetlamp will be connected to each other wirelessly.

Is policy uncertainty always harmful? - Empirical evidence from China's energy policy and city green transition

Energy policies in all countries are constantly adjusted and change, which leads to policy uncertainty. Thus, as green transition has become an important topic of universal concern across the world, it is necessary to explore the relationship between the two. With a focus on energy policy uncertainty (ENPU), our study investigates the impact of ENPU on green TFP, based on the panel data of China's prefecture-level cities. While the literature generally suggests that policy uncertainty hurts the economy, empirical evidence in this study shows that energy policy uncertainty can be a driving force to city's green transition. The main results are: (a) ENPU has a positive effect on energy efficiency. For every 1 standard deviation increase in the degree of ENPU, green TFP will increase by 0.002 %; (b) The positive effects of ENPU on green TFP exerts heterogeneities with city's resource endowment and environmental pressures, and the effect is significant in growing resource-based cities and light-pressure cities; (c) An increase of ENPU improves green TFP by stimulating corporate innovation and industry upgrading.

Is there heterogeneity and moderating effect of carbon trading pilot in promoting total factor productivity?

In order to analyze what factors may affect the role of carbon trading pilot in promoting total factor productivity, this paper constructs DID model combining information of listed companies with city and industry characteristics. The moderating effect model is used to research the influence of firms' induced behavior. The results show that (1) the characteristics of a city can influence the impact of carbon trading pilot, which is associated with the city's dominant industry, resource endowment, and geographical location; (2) the effect of carbon trading pilot is heterogeneous, primarily indicating a stronger effect on high-emission industries, while having no significant impact on high-pollution industries; and (3) the induced behavior of businesses, such as increasing green innovation and environmental protection expenditure, potentially "crowding out" the effects of the carbon trading pilot.

Fluctuating Currents: Balancing urban growth and restoring native riverine synergies in Mumbai — the case of Dahisar River

In 1690 CE, a transformation was initiated by the British East India Company on the seven islands along India's western coast. These islands, once primarily Portuguese territories featuring indigenous communities deeply intertwined with rich ecological and cultural histories spanning millennia, underwent a gradual metamorphosis into the major metropolis known as 'Bombay,' a trajectory that persists today in its rebranded identity as 'Mumbai.' This article delves into how the commonly accepted imaginations of urban utopia progressively turned away from the perceived stagnant waters of rivers and estuaries that, in reality, served as vital coastal ecological buffers. The expansion of Mumbai city propelled its citizens, particularly marginalised low-income groups and traditional settlement inhabitants, towards the outskirts where vestiges of natural ecosystems endure. This shift granted them rudimentary necessities such as water and outdoor spaces, including prospects for agriculture. The convergence of socially vulnerable communities with ecologically delicate zones frequently led to heightened intricacies and debilitation, placing immense stress on both the city's ecological and social resources. This article centres on the examination of urban rivers, using the Dahisar River, a representative seasonal watercourse in Mumbai, as a focal point. Through this exploration, it seeks to scrutinise the multifaceted networks intertwined with Mumbai's river systems, emphasising the urgency of recalibrating perceptions of rivers in Indian urban landscapes. The study also reflects upon the tumultuous socio-political dynamics of the city, involving governing bodies, indigenous stewards, urban residents, and industries. Amid the array of potential solutions, technical and ecological facets often take a backseat to the socio-political determination required to adopt a more ecologically conscious stance. Nonetheless, optimism persists, as climate change mitigation and urban well-being emerge as entrepreneurial prospects for the nation's economic hub. The national leadership aims to position itself as a catalyst for change, aligning with global ecological narratives on the political stage.

Monitoring spatiotemporal changes of urban surface water based on satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine platform in Dhaka City from 1990 to 2021

BackgroundThis study focuses on Dhaka City and its impact on urban surface water. Cities, ecosystems, and agriculture need surface water. It is crucial for water resource planning and environmental preservation. The primary aim is to study how urbanization has affected surface water in Dhaka City over 30 years using satellite imagery.MethodsThe study analyzed three decades of urban surface water shifts using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine (GEE) with JavaScript code for water ratio index detection. To investigate water level changes, field observation surveys and secondary data analysis were conducted. This integrated methodology simplified surface water data extraction and analysis, making remote sensing easier and allowing cloud-based satellite data processing.ResultsThe study demonstrates that the amount of surface water in cities is going down, from 36.23 km2 in 1990 to 5.83 km2 in 2021, which is an enormous decrease. This means that about 20 square kilometers, or 45 percent of the water's surface, have been lost in the last 30 years. The main reasons for the drop are unplanned expansion of cities, accelerated real estate development, and more trade and economic activities in the study area.ConclusionsThe GEE algorithms provide useful insights into surface water's maximum and minimum extent, enabling appropriate planning and management. These findings aid Dhaka City's water resource management and environmental protection.

Wind data modeling and energy mapping of the wind potential in the city of Douala (Cameroun)

This work helps in the implementation of wind energy projects in the city of Douala. Wind data used (speed and direction) were collected from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, at a height of 10m. The use of wind speed distribution laws allowed us to obtain predictions of the available wind energy on-site at different altitudes. Then, the wind direction is established for the orientation of the wind turbines and the turbulence analysis is done to highlight the exploitable wind periods. The results show that harnessing wind energy is possible on site from 10 AM to 06 PM. The wind potential at 138 m height has an average speed of 8.15 m/s for an overall energy density of 749.78 W/m2 for roughness class 0, and an average speed of 3.7 m/s for an overall energy density of 69.118 W/m2 for roughness class 4. The wind turbines will be installed in front of the north-north-east direction between 15 and 25°. Finally, the energy mapping of the city's wind resources allows us to estimate the total energy available at a reference height.

Data-Driven Approach in Knowledge-Based Smart City Management

The concept of smart city management is based on the implementation and use of advanced technologies, such as wireless sensors, intelligent vehicles, mobile networks, and data storage technologies. It involves integrating various information and communication technology solutions to efficiently manage a city's resources. Cities are investing in data-driven smart technologies to enhance performance and efficiency, thereby generating a large amount of data. Finding innovative ways to use this data helps improve city management and urban development. A data-driven city utilizes datafication to optimize its operations, functions, services, strategies, and policies. Datafication involves transforming various aspects of urban life into computerized data and extracting value from this information. This transformation is dependent on controlling the storage, management, processing, and analysis of the data, as well as utilizing the extracted knowledge to develop useful smart city solutions. Access to real-time data and information enables the provision of effective services that improve productivity, leading to environmental, social, and economic benefits. Both current and future smart cities have the potential to generate vast amounts of real-time data due to complex physical infrastructure and data-driven applications supported by social networks. This paper investigates how the emerging data-driven smart city is practiced and justified in terms of its innovative applied solutions. The aim of the paper is to explore the general conditions for implementing advanced data-driven technologies for smart city management, using knowledge from literature analysis and case studies. To understand this new urban phenomenon, a descriptive case study is used as a qualitative research methodology to examine and compare the possibilities of implementing data-driven approaches in knowledge-based smart city management. Seventeen case studies that use data-driven applications in real-world settings were identified from secondary sources and evaluated based on smart city indicators and related data-driven applications. Smart Cities were selected based on their rankings in the Digital Cities Index 2022, the Smart City Index 2022, and the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2022.

Secure edge computing vulnerabilities in smart cities sustainability using petri net and genetic algorithm-based reinforcement learning

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) revolution has emerged as a promising network that enhanced information dissemination about the city's resources. This city's resources are wirelessly connected to different constrained devices (such as sensors, robotics, and actuators). However, the communication of this wireless information is threatened by several malicious attacks, cyber-attacks, and hackers. This is due to unsecured IIoT networks that were exposed as a potential back door entry point for the attacks. Consequently, this study aims to develop a security framework for the smart cities’ sustainability edge computing vulnerabilities using Petri Net and Genetic Algorithm-Based Reinforcement Learning (GARL). First, a common trust model for addressing information outflows in the network using a distributed authorization algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is implemented on a secure framework modeling in Petri Net called secure trust-aware philosopher privacy and authentication (STAPPA) for mitigation of the privacy breach in the networks. Genetic Algorithm-based Reinforcement Learning (GARL) is used to optimize the search, detect anomalies, and shortest route during the agent learning in the environment. The detection and accuracy rate results obtained over a secure framework using reinforcement learning are 98.75, 99, 99.50, 99.75, and 100% during simulation in the network environment. The average sensitivity of the detection rate is 1.000, while the average specificity outcome is 0.868. The result of the GARL simulation model obtained shows the best distance of 238.84 * 10−3 fitness when the search space is optimized by reducing the number of chromosomes to 10 in the model. These approaches help to detect anomalies and prevent unauthorized users from accessing edge computing components in the city architecture.

A key to urban economic growth or an unnecessary burden? Opening airports in small and medium-sized cities

China has recently begun to deploy airports in small and medium-sized cities, and local governments must allocate adequate financial subsidies to maintain their operations. This article examines whether opening airports in small and medium-sized cities is the key to economic growth or an unnecessary burden. To solve the endogeneity problem, we constructed an instrumental variable based on historical ground transportation accessibility and provincial airport density. The main finding is that airports have a positive effect on local economic development. This positive effect depends on the city's industrial foundation and resource endowments. Airports cannot promote the economic growth of cities in remote or poor areas, but they could play an important role in promoting the economy of cities with high-level tourism resources and a strong industry foundation. Airports promote urban economy by increasing comprehensive transportation capacity, improving the market accessibility for enterprises in small and medium-sized cities. Firm-level micro-evidence suggests that airports can shorten the temporal and spatial distances between cities, which significantly increases the productivity, sales, output, exports, and investment scale of industrial firms. Airports promote the economic growth of small and medium-sized cities by enhancing the economic vitality of micro-firms.

Insights in Urban Resource Management: A Comprehensive Understanding of Unexplored Patterns

In the last few decades, the rapid urbanisation process has led to an exponential growth of resource use, making increasingly difficult to ensure the principles of sustainability within urban systems. Similar to living organisms, cities have always required resources and energy to survive. However, technological development and population growth have consequently led to increasing urban inflows and outflows, in so deeply altering the relations of cities with the environment as a source and a sink. Examples include the extraction of minerals for built environment and industrial processes providing manufactured goods; the conversion of fossil energy into electricity for buildings and fuel for vehicles; the use of natural resources (e.g., land or water) to support urban expansion activities. In a planet with limited resources, the challenge should not be to find new resources but to improve the way we use them and the lifestyles that they support, or in other words, to plan strategies to generate more value and higher quality of life with fewer inputs. It is well-known that cities depend on imports of external resources; however, they also benefit from internal resources and ecosystem services. Based on this framework, an urgent effort is needed to explore crucial urban issues that have not yet been adequately investigated. A strategic resource management is needed to actually move towards sustainable cities. In particular, a special focus should be placed on: (i) to monitor and properly manage the city's resources and energy systems within the metaphor of “urban metabolism;” (ii) to define innovative approaches, actions and strategies that ensure the sustainable management of non-renewable urban resources; (iii) to protect and restore urban ecosystem services as valuable renewable resources, and finally (iv) to envisage participatory governance processes for the appropriate allocation of resources to the common well-being.

Smart streetlamps as part of a smart city approach in Macau

Smart cities are the mainstream trend of modern city development. With the promotion of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area policies, Macau, as one of the four central cities in the Greater Bay Area, has pioneered the development of smart cities. The development goal of the smart city is to use modern electronic information technology to manage, coordinate, share efficiently, and interoperate the city's transportation, logistics, energy resources, and communication services. Comprehensive perception and information collection are the basis for its smart urban management. As one of the important node devices at the perception level of the smart city, smart street lights in Macau are not only the lighting infrastructure, but also include environmental monitoring, video surveillance, communication networks, Internet of Things, information interaction, charging piles and other economic functions of the people's livelihood. Under the above premise, this article discusses the urban policies, applications and prospects of smart streetlamps in Macau. At the same time, it compares the social nature and related policies of the mainland, analyzes the particularity of building smart streetlamps in Macau, and based on the application of smart streetlamps in Macau, propose optimization and development suggestions to promote the construction and development of Macau's smart city.

Firearm Acoustic Detection in Hartford, Connecticut: Outcomes of a Trauma Center – Law Enforcement Collaboration

IntroductionFirearm homicide is a leading cause of violence-related death in the United States.Unfortunately, more than 80% of illegal firearm discharges are never reported to police by traditional means.ShotSpotterTM (Newark, California) is an acoustic firearm event detection system that can localize gunfire, prompting police, and subsequent emergency medical services (EMS) presence. Previously reported healthcare effects of acoustic detection are speculative in nature. We sought to investigate Hartford, Connecticut's experience with ShotSpotter​​​​​​​TM given its smaller size and broad coverage. MethodsThe three trauma centers in Hartford (two for adults and one for pediatric) collaborated with the Hartford Police to review outcomes of victims with acoustically detected gunshots and compare them to those who went undetected. We performed a retrospective review of patients who presented with gunshot wounds (GSW) over a 30-month period, from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2018. Victim location and acoustic detection were reconciled by the police department and hospital staff independently. Patients were individually matched for location, prehospital response, treatment durations, and hospital outcomes.ResultsOf 387 GSW, 157 (40.6%) presented via EMS and were included in the sample. Of these, 89 correlated to a detection event (56.7%) and 68 had no correlating event (43.3%). These two groups had no difference in prehospital treatment times, scene and transport duration, and injury severity. Further, the need for surgery or transfusion, lengths of stay, and disposition, including mortality, did not differ.ConclusionsDespite limited previous reports demonstrating conferred benefits to acoustic detection of gunshots, Hartford’s experience showed no benefit. The potential for such systems to act as early warning systems is evident but may depend on a city’s resources, geography, and technology.

The Strategic Resources of a Gastronomy Creative City: The Case of San Antonio, Texas

In this study, a resource-based view and positioning strategy have been applied to discuss the role of gastronomy in destinations from a strategic management perspective. San Antonio, Texas was designated as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy in 2017, making it an appropriate case for this study. Using document analysis, the gastronomy resources of San Antonio were identified as the key success factors in the strategic analysis and classified as facilities, activities, events, and organizations. The article highlights how the city's resources influenced UNESCO's selection of San Antonio as a Creative City, and how this membership has led to entrepreneurship, the development of local initiatives, the growth of sustainable food, and economic benefits, all of which are UNESCO's Sustainable Development Goals. The findings reveal that to benefit the most from the available resources, specific marketing strategies are required to enhance the attractiveness of a destination. Moreover, differentiating a destination through positioning is recognized as a crucial strategy to keep ahead of competitors. With a focus on gastronomy-related strategies, this study provides important directions and implications for policy makers, researchers, and entrepreneurs.

Monitoring the effects of vegetation cover losses on land surface temperature dynamics using geospatial approach in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Urban green space is one of the most essential components in contributing to ecological balance and environmental sustainability. Due to rapid urbanization in the last few decades, massive reduction of urban vegetation cover (VC) has increased the land surface temperature (LST) and hampered the environmental sustainability. This study aims to identify the VC cover loss on LST increase in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area using geospatial techniques. The study established the relationship between VC loss and LST increase using transformation analysis and micro-level directional mapping in ArcGIS 10.6 software. Multi-temporal Landsat TM/OLI satellite images were used for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, to classify land use/land cover (LULC) classes, the transition between VC and urban area (UA), directional distribution of UA and VC, and variation of ward wise LST distribution due to VC loss in the study area. The maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm was used to classify the LULC maps. All the classified LULC maps demonstrated an overall accuracy of more than 85%. The spectral radiance model was used to extract LST information from satellite images. The analysis of LULC estimation suggests a significant net increase in UAs (+18%) and a reduction in VC (-17%) from 1990 to 2020. The maximum temperature of the city was increased to 37.75 °C in 2020 from 23.46 °C in 1990. The assessed LST showed that the lower recorded temperature zones in 1990 were converted into a higher temperature zone in 2020. The mean LST distribution showed a growing trends in UA, and reduction in VC, which converted the study region from a moderate temperature zone to a high-temperature zone. The study demonstrates that a rise in the non-evaporated surfaces, i.e., UA and a reduction in the green cover, were the most significant influential factors to increase the LST effect. Remote sensing techniques have been proved a very useful tool for urban planners and policymakers in taking appropriate measures to ensure sustainable development, conservation of the city's natural resources and minimize the influence of urbanization on LST.

Köşkdağı Gömü Alanı Mezar Tipleri ve Buluntuları

The history of Kayseri, an important center of ancient times, dates to the 4th millennium BC. Due to the positive potentiality provided by the city's location and natural resources, Kayseri has been settled in every period. Strategically located, the city served as one of Imperial Rome's leading headquarters. Kayseri has gained importance not only in the military but also in commercial industry; its location at the center of crossing points has ensured that social, political, and cultural activities continue uninterrupted. Unfortunately, the rich historical accumulation of Kayseri Province has also attracted the interest of smugglers. This situation has sometimes caused historical artifacts to be uncontrollably exposed and damaged. In such cases, the Kayseri Museum Directorate endeavors to protect and document cultural remains by intervening with systematic excavations. The Köşkdağı Burial Site was exposed through illegal excavation. Subsequently, the excavation was completed by the Kayseri Museum Directorate without considerable damage. In accordance with our request, the necessary permissions were granted by the Kayseri Museum Directorate for the graves and finds in the excavated area. In the Köşkdağı rescue excavation, the section of completed excavation was determined to be a burial area, since three different types of grave structures were identified, with more than one burial found inside the graves. Thus, the Köşkdağı Burial Site enriches our knowledge about the burial traditions and historical context of this region. These significant findings benefit the existing scope of literature.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Human Resources and Analysis of Future Planning Countermeasures

With the further deepening of the reform and opening up process, our country's economic level has continued to improve. Especially since the 21st century, science and technology have been constantly innovating and developing. In different industries and fields, science and technology have been integrated. Traditional methods that do not adapt to the development of the times have been abandoned. In this context, there is an urgent need for talents in all fields of life to make the development of the industry more integrated and professional. This article analyzes the current situation of human resources and future planning countermeasures, summarizes the main problems in the talent market at this stage based on some literature data, and puts forward several important roles of talent planning on the basis, and finally investigates the current situation of human resources. It is mainly to sort out and analyze the overall cultural level of human resources and the distribution of technical personnel, to provide a basis for future talent market forecasts and prospects. Data analysis shows that only 17% have a university degree or above. This shows the city's human resources the level of education is obviously low, and the overall quality of human resources cannot meet the needs of economic development, and is eager to further improve.

RETRACTED: Economic Development of Smart City Industry Based on 5G Network and Wireless Sensors

Smart City is a metropolitan climate that consolidates progressed remote sensors, data, and correspondence innovation to help successfully deal with the city's resources. Remote Sensor is a quickly developing innovation into an assortment of utilizations. Remote sensors are utilized to recognize, ascertain, measure, and screen ecological components in the correspondence organization, and foundation, logging, and portrayal profile creating hub and improve the clinical, transportation, farming, mechanical cycle control applications numerous incredible possibilities, and the financial development in brilliant urban communities support using 5G network and wireless sensor. The sensor is a significant piece of brilliant urban communities, as they depend on information gathered for these administrations. Remote Sensors can communicate information of different distant areas, possibly a moderately economical and minimized sensor with low force utilization and upkeep costs, permitting them to construct sending. The Implementation of remote sensors for shrewd urban areas' financial development of remote sensors is utilized for keen structure, wellbeing observing, reconnaissance, and evade gridlock. Improved transportation, correspondence innovation, keeping away from gridlock, public framework, including social foundation and organization parts, conventions, and sensor arrangement, to accomplish the business requirements, has been intended to guarantee unwavering quality and low force utilization.

Potensi Sumber Energi Terbarukan dari Biomassa yang Berasal dari Sumber Daya Alam di Balikpapan

Biomass energy sources have several advantages, such as being used as a renewable energy source so that the energy source from biomass can provide a sustainable energy source. One of the first steps to determine the potential of energy resources that can be developed into renewable energy sources is by collecting data. The data collection carried out in this study focuses more on the biomass found in Balikpapan. The biomass potential in Balikpapan needs to be known by collecting and classifying the biomass data based on products from agriculture and plantations. The data that has been collected from secondary data and from surveys are then mapped to see the greatest biomass potential found in Balikpapan. The largest percentage of crop yields per year is found in North Balikpapan Subdistrict, which is 31% compared to five other sub-districts. The potential of biomass from Balikpapan City's natural resources, which the greatest amount of harvest, is the cassava food plant in North Balikpapan sub-district of 7,259 tons / year. In the type of fruit, snakefruit (salak) has the highest number of yields per year, which is about32,945 tons / year. The potential for waste from food plants, cassava waste originating from tree trunks, is 5,807.2 tons / year, and cassava skin is 1,088.8 tons / year