City Streets Research Articles

Акустические репрезентации концептов ВОЙНА и РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ (на материале произведений И. Грековой, повествующих о начале XX в.)

The article deals with a linguo-conceptual analysis of the Soviet writer I. Grekova's (1907-2002) novels. The individual worldview is presented in the stories. They describe the events that took place in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, the article is devoted to the concepts WAR and REVOLUTION represented in lexical units with the seme ‘sound’.
 A special place in the individual author's worldview is connected with the concept of MUSIC, which finds various expressions in the writer's texts. Music as an element of the culture in a certain period makes a significant contribution to the formation of an acoustic image of the describing era. Linguistic representations of the acoustic image form the special “sounding” of the historical period in the stories and also help to reconstruct author’s worldview.
 The linguo-conceptual analysis of the I. Grekova’s texts allows us to draw the following conclusions regarding the author's worldview, presented in the space of the stories. The acoustic image of each of the periods is a representation of the children's worldview (the acoustic image of historical events is made up of words perceived by ears (from the conversations of adults) that describe historical changes; each of the stages is marked by the transmission of educational processes). This is due to the fact that the writer herself was a child during the years of the events described, and in her thoughts, the speech of her characters reflected the personal memories of the author.
 The author is a woman, and this fact is also reflected at the level of the acoustic image, for example, in various expressions describing children's crying, as well as in describing еру peaceful life not on the front line.
 It can be concluded that the acoustic image of the beginning of the century (for I. Grekova from 1907, the year of the birth of the writer) forms the sound of the peaceful life. The space of cities is represented by sounds: languages and dialects (Russian, German, Estonian, Ukrainian languages; Moscow, St. Petersburg dialect); nature (sea, insects, birds); city streets (transport, churches). The sound of people in the stories is associated with the type of work performed (sewing, washing, playing the piano) and the emotions experienced during the work (sigh, moan); features of the educational process (laughter, home games, language games, music); governmental educational process (names of school realities, children's behavior).
 Music in the acoustic image of this period is associated with the performance of work (accompanying, auxiliary function), with the upbringing and education of children (a means of forming a harmonious personality); with the expression of love experiences through singing (communicative function); with spare activities (background for another business).
 In addition, a musical instrument can be a symbol of belonging to a certain social group, and the repertoire can indicate the level of education. The historical context of the era is conveyed by representatives of the socio-cultural zone of the concept MUSIC (song titles, names of performers), as well as words and names that mark political changes (republic, red, Bolsheviks, etc.; Rasputin, Shtrymer, etc.).

Ensuring the quality of atmospheric air on main streets and in residential buildings by means of planning and landscaping

Introduction. The level of concentration of toxic substances in the atmospheric air of main streets is largely determined by their aeration regime, established due to exposure to air flow of buildings and green spaces. Therefore, when developing master plans of cities and projects of detailed planning of residential formations to ensure hygienic standards for the expected content of emissions of motor transport in the air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings, the influence of urban factors on wind speed and direction one should take into account.
 The aim of the study is the justification and selection of urban planning measures to reduce atmospheric air pollution from main roads and streets by exhaust gases of motor transport.
 Material and methods. Full-scale surveys of transport infrastructure facilities in large cities and modelling of the processes of dispersion of exhaust gases of cars in the air using models of residential buildings and green spaces.
 Results. The regularities of the formation of the aeration regime of city streets and the dispersion of car emissions behind the landscaping strips and in residential buildings have been established. Optimal variants of planning, development and landscaping of main streets have been determined, ensuring the reduction of gas contamination of pedestrian zones, public spaces and residential areas.
 Limitations. The choice of landscaping objects for urban roads and streets for field observations and modelling of car emissions dispersion processes is limited to strips of green spaces of a blown and dense construction, without taking into account the peculiarities of the transformation of the air flow and reducing gas pollution under the influence of landscaping strips of an openwork design.
 Conclusions. Reduction of gas pollution of main roads and streets is ensured by choosing the direction of the route and planning, and building techniques. At the same time, it is necessary to use environmental protection linear-strip landscaping facilities of optimal design. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that frontal multi-sectional buildings and strips of green spaces of windproof dense construction stimulate the appearance of stable vortices with a closed circulation of impurities in street canyons and on sections of highways. When choosing urban planning solutions to ensure the quality of atmospheric air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings in various landscape and climatic conditions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the tasks arising in this case to regulate the aeration regime and reclamation of the microclimate as a whole.

Penyebab Keterlambatan Konstruksi Proyek Jalan Kota Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

The success of a construction project is determined by the suitability of time, cost and quality specified in the contract documents. However, construction project implementation sometimes experiences delays caused by various factors. Road projects are one of the construction projects that often experience delays in their implementation. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors that cause delays in the implementation of city road projects in West Sumatra. The research objectives were achieved by conducting a questionnaire survey on 30 respondents who came from owners of the City Road project in West Sumatra who had work experience as Satker, Assistant, KPA, PPK, and PPTK. The data obtained was processed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the research show that the factors causing delays that often occur are four factors in the workforce indicator, with the highest frequency being the lack of skills of the workforce involved in road projects.

Evaluation of The Hygiene Procedures and Commitment to Food Safety of Calapan City Street Food Vendors

This study assessed the relationship between the hygiene practices and procedures of street food vendors and the level of food safety in Calapan City. The research addresses the need for a practical intervention to improve hygiene practices among street food vendors, ensuring the safety of consumers in Calapan City and promoting responsible business practices. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design, employing the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient as a statistical tool to determine the relationship between hygiene practices and food safety. The respondents consisted of 30 volunteer street food vendors and customers in Calapan City. Findings revealed that, in the new normal, street food vendors in Calapan City maintain a satisfactory level of hygiene practices and procedures, meeting cleanliness standards. Utensils and equipment are regularly cleaned and sanitized, reducing health risks and illnesses. Rresults also showed that there is a significant relationship between the status of hygiene practices and procedures of street food vendors and the level of food safety of the street food sold in Calapan City with computed r-value of 0.631. Based on the results, the researchers recommend that food business owners and staff acquire adequate knowledge and awareness of proper food safety practices and adhere to them consistently in their operations. By conducting this study, the authors contribute to the improvement of hygiene standards and food safety in the street food sector, enhancing the overall well-being of consumers and supporting the growth of responsible and safe street food businesses in Calapan City.

Study on the walkability of old city streets in Beijing from the perspective of application of Central Axis for World Heritage List

The year 2023 is a key year for Beijing’s Central Axis to apply for World Heritage List. As the social space of urban culture, the streets are the communication space between modern-day residents and living heritage. In the blocks applying for World Heritage status, the walkability of the streets has an important impact on the presentation of the scene, cultural exchange, and tourist guidance. Based on the perspective of Central Axis application for World Heritage List, this study attempted to provide updated planning suggestions for the improvement of street walkability quality. Focusing on the human scale, first, 13 objective indicators and three subjective indicators of the streets in the buffer zone were evaluated by semantic segmentation, virtual audit, Likert scale, and other methods, as well as by acquiring the latest street view. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to explore the main factors affecting the walkability of the streets. The results show that 13 objective indicators such as street interface, street facilities and street style in space show a trend of gradual decline from the central axis to both sides. Buildings on the north side of Chang’an Avenue in Beijing’s Old Town better preserve the architectural style of the traditional hutong. The factors that were strongly related to the sense of security were the proportion of fences and the width of the street. The strongest correlation factor concerning comfort is the street aspect ratio, whereas the most important factor related to aesthetic perception is the degree of preservation of traditional features. Finally, the paper puts forward some new strategies, such as clearly distinguishing street pedestrian and vehicular functions, controlling green visual ratio to adjust street visual aspect ratio, and protecting traditional street pattern.

Impact of Illuminated Road Signs on Driver’s Perception

This study determined citizens’ perceptions and impact factors of illuminated road signs installed to ensure their visibility at night when the risk of traffic accidents is high. An ordered logit model was used to measure illuminated road signs’ impact on drivers’ perception based on the data from the citizens’ survey conducted by the Road Sign Center. According to the results, the internal (optical fiber) type variable had the highest impact, followed by the frequent fog variable and the complex road line variable. This study found that most citizens positively recognized road signs, preferred internal (optical fiber) types, and desired illuminated road signs that considered climate, environment, and road structure types. In Seoul, the importance and improvement of illuminated road signs at points where road structures are complex, such as city streets, were high. Additionally, the illuminated road sign recognition and road type variable were significant in Gyeonggi-do, which reflected the high number of citizens that commute to Seoul from Gyeonggi-do. Concerning local cities and counties and intercity roads highly affected by the climate, the impact was high at points with frequent fog. Fog affects the visibility distance, generates condensation on signs, and significantly degrades visibility. Therefore, an illuminated road sign installation method must be presented based on spatial analysis for regions vulnerable to climate, environment, and road location. Additionally, the road intersection point variable was significant in local cities and counties, which reflects the relatively lagged road infrastructure. Local cities and counties are financially poor and have numerous aged drivers; hence, central government support that considers these aspects is crucial.

Enhancing the Streetscape of Sidewalks for Sustainability and Liveability in Shared Streets

The urgent call for resilient, sustainable cities took place in promoting sustainable development to be achieved by 2030, especially in Egypt’s agenda, and meeting users’ needs through safe and affordable public spaces and inclusive and sustainable urbanization. Open public spaces in sustainable cities act as a source for enhancing interaction between users, including city and neighborhood streets and sidewalks, squares, parks, and other shared spaces such as private parks, in addition to enhancing well-being and good quality of life. In the last couple of years, the use of vehicles and transportation has become a burden for users to use sidewalks, access open spaces, and access outdoor areas, which need an urgent response by decision-makers and stakeholders. As a result, new approaches are currently taking place as a scheme for reforming sidewalks, especially in shared streets, in order to act as a public space for interaction, commuting, and new activities to increase its liveability. Sidewalks act as a place for safe socialization, communication, and commuting through walking and cycling. The research methodology focuses on three stages, including theoretical, analytical, and empirical studies. The theoretical phase presents a theoretical background for the topic. The analytical phase focuses on global cases and guidelines. The empirical phase tests the applicability of the suggested guidelines derived from the theoretical and analytical phases. Finally, the research’s main objective is to examine the applicability of achieving the liveability and sustainability of sidewalks in shared streets in cities as a quick and effective public space for wellness that can be adopted in megacities, with special reference to the Al-Khalifa neighborhood in Egypt.

Use of Emerging Internet of Things Technologies for Developing Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Communication Systems

Infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication is an essential part of an intelligent transportation system. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is one of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies that can enable the exchange of data at low-energy consumption. This study evaluated the application of IoT technologies, in particular BLE beacons—I2V communication devices to support autonomous vehicle (AV) operation in a real-world setting. An AV development platform built on a Lexus RX450h car was used to perform the evaluation. The testing program included two controlled-environment experiments and two real-world validation experiments. The controlled-environment experiments were used to select the BLE beacon settings to be considered. The validation experiments were performed in two different settings: a city street and an interstate highway in the City of Cincinnati in Ohio. To this end, beacons were attached to 10 different traffic signs in a city street as well as to a side barrier of an interstate highway. The ability of the AV to detect the traffic signs and the beacons attached to the side barrier was evaluated at different speeds. The study revealed promising results and indicated that the BLE beacon technology could potentially be a reliable solution to develop I2V communication systems that can be easily deployed to modify existing transportation infrastructure.

A different perspective towards urban planning based on GIS and VGI techniques

Urban planning is considered one of the most critical topics in the design and development strategies of cities. There are a vast number of urban planning rule sets that focus on dominating the geometrical perspective over other approaches when it comes to planning decisions. In this paper, a different point of view towards urban planning is suggested, concentrating on the topological analysis and relations between city elements. The streets of cities are chosen to reflect this topological relation and to investigate the topological relations to the limits; six different-sized cities were selected for analysis: three large cities and three relatively small ones. The results of the study uncovered the hierarchical pattern underlying the street structure of cities; analyses showed that street networks in large cities have a higher degree of hierarchical level than in relatively small cities. Urban planners can benefit from the results of the analyses in this study to make better planning decisions in large or small cities. The paper provides analysis results towards achieving the optimum goals of urban planning to make cities more living and more efficient.

Research on Public Air Route Network Planning of Urban Low-Altitude Logistics Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

As urban populations continue to grow and road traffic congestion worsens, traditional ground logistics has become less efficient. This has led to longer logistics times and increased costs. Therefore, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) logistics has become increasingly popular. However, free-planned routes cannot meet the safety and efficiency requirements of urban airspace mobility. To address this issue, a public air route network for low-altitude logistics UAVs needs to be established in urban areas. This paper proposes a public route network planning method based on the obstacle-based Voronoi diagram and A* algorithm, as follows: Firstly, construct a city airspace grid model in which the characteristics of the airspace are mapped onto the grid map. Introduce an obstacle clustering algorithm based on DBSCAN to generate representative obstacle points as the Voronoi seed nodes. Utilize the Voronoi diagram to establish the initial route network. Then, conduct an improved path planning by employing the A* algorithm for obstacle avoidance in route edges that pass through obstacles. To ensure the safe operation of drones, set constraints on the route safety interval. This process will generate a low-altitude public air route network for urban areas. After considering the flight costs of logistics UAVs at different altitudes, the height for the route network layout is determined. Finally, the route network evaluation indicators are established. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the city road network planning method and the central radial network planning method, the total route length is shortened by 7.1% and 9%, respectively, the airspace coverage is increased by 9.8% and 35%, respectively, the average network degree is reduced by 52.6% and 212%, respectively, and the average flight time is reduced by 19.4s and 3.7s, respectively. In addition, by solving the network model using the Dijkstra algorithm, when the energy cost and risk cost weights are 0.6 and 0.4, respectively, and the safety interval is taken as 15 m, the total path cost value of the planned trajectory is minimized.

The politics of street names: Reconstructing Iran’s collective identity

AbstractWith the radical political change in 1979, Iran's revolutionary state assumed the responsibility of re‐rewriting the past history to forge a new sense of belonging, a particularly collective religious (Shia) identity. It launched a complex process of forgetting and remembering to first eliminate the national (Persian), non‐religious memories and heritage, associated and celebrated by the previous regime and then establish a sense of continuity with the country's Shia past; a feeling markedly engendered with a distinguishing symbolic reservoir of Shia traditions and memories, presented in history books, literature, the media, and everyday culture.This paper seeks to examine the role of street names in this process of reconstructing a new religious (Shia) collective memory and identity with particular reference to Tehran, Iran, during the 1979‐2019 period. It seeks to analyze changes in the city's street names and analyze the widespread renaming of streets and public spaces in the city as one means of both ‘de‐commemorating’ the pre‐revolutionary regime and marking the Shia legacy and memories as the signifiers of a widespread political maneuver to articulate a new version of the past and narrative of identity since the 1979 revolution.

Social Death While Holding onto One's Human Rights in New York City's Streets.

Social Death While Holding onto One's Human Rights in New York City's Streets.

Key challenges and coping strategies for performance-based contracts in Urban road maintenance

ABSTRACT Many governments worldwide have recently adopted and recognized the value of performance-based contracts (PBCs) in various sectors. Research teams have developed an innovative PBC for urban road maintenance (URM) and implemented a one-year pilot program in an administrative district of Taipei City, Taiwan, in which the preliminary benefits of the pilot program for stakeholders have been proven but not sufficient for long-term contracts and citywide implementation. This study developed a five-perspective balanced scorecard (BSC) approach, adding an additional social environment perspective to examine the outcomes of strategic planning and performance evaluation for URM. This study organized two focus group interviews with 30 pilot program participants to highlight the key challenges and develop key coping strategies (KCSs). Identified key challenges were transformed into key success factors (KSFs) using the BSC approach. Among identified KCSs, attracting good contractors to participate, setting appropriate performance indicators and thresholds, enhancing the professional ability of the authority staffs, and establishing PBC bidding template documents are the most valuable strategies. The significant outcomes are organized into a correspondence diagram of the KSFs and KCSs, which serve as a benchmark for city road authorities when implementing PBCs to improve the performance of URM.

PENYEBARAN TATA LETAK TRADISIONAL STREET FOOD DI KOTA GORONTALO

Culinary has become a part of the socio-economic life of the people in the city of Gorontalo. Immigrants who are visiting the city of Gorontalo are mostly definitely looking for places to eat that are in great demand by the public. While in Gorontalo City, culinary is also the biggest destination for Gorontalo residents who migrate to other places. Culinary tours such as traditional street food and modern food are starting to line up a lot along the streets of Gorontalo city. However, Gorontalo City has 3 problems in the tourism sector, especially in its culinary tourism potential. The first problem is the lack of complete facilities and good quality infrastructure at street food locations in Gorontalo City for both sellers and buyers. In other words, the location and layout of street food in Gorontalo City is still random and not neatly organized. The second problem is that tourism promotion is still not maximal in highlighting Gorontalo's special food and drinks or efforts to introduce traditional flavors of street food in a unique way are still very minimal. In addition, there is a lack of effective coordination between tourism associations and the local government in paying attention to the location of street food businesses in Gorontalo City. Therefore, improvements in various aspects must be made to improve the development of traditional street food places in the city of Gorontalo like other regions in Indonesia and other countries which can be used as examples of success in realizing culinary tourism with the theme of traditional food as regional icons that can help in increasing regional economy and preserving cultural heritage in the form of typical food and drink from the area.

Scene Perception and Visuospatial Memory Converge at the Anterior Edge of Visually Responsive Cortex.

To fluidly engage with the world, our brains must simultaneously represent both the scene in front of us and our memory of the immediate surrounding environment (i.e., local visuospatial context). How does the brain's functional architecture enable sensory and mnemonic representations to closely interface while also avoiding sensory-mnemonic interference? Here, we asked this question using first-person, head-mounted virtual reality and fMRI. Using virtual reality, human participants of both sexes learned a set of immersive, real-world visuospatial environments in which we systematically manipulated the extent of visuospatial context associated with a scene image in memory across three learning conditions, spanning from a single FOV to a city street. We used individualized, within-subject fMRI to determine which brain areas support memory of the visuospatial context associated with a scene during recall (Experiment 1) and recognition (Experiment 2). Across the whole brain, activity in three patches of cortex was modulated by the amount of known visuospatial context, each located immediately anterior to one of the three scene perception areas of high-level visual cortex. Individual subject analyses revealed that these anterior patches corresponded to three functionally defined place memory areas, which selectively respond when visually recalling personally familiar places. In addition to showing activity levels that were modulated by the amount of visuospatial context, multivariate analyses showed that these anterior areas represented the identity of the specific environment being recalled. Together, these results suggest a convergence zone for scene perception and memory of the local visuospatial context at the anterior edge of high-level visual cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT As we move through the world, the visual scene around us is integrated with our memory of the wider visuospatial context. Here, we sought to understand how the functional architecture of the brain enables coexisting representations of the current visual scene and memory of the surrounding environment. Using a combination of immersive virtual reality and fMRI, we show that memory of visuospatial context outside the current FOV is represented in a distinct set of brain areas immediately anterior and adjacent to the perceptually oriented scene-selective areas of high-level visual cortex. This functional architecture would allow efficient interaction between immediately adjacent mnemonic and perceptual areas while also minimizing interference between mnemonic and perceptual representations.

Towards abolitionist agrarian geographies of Kentucky

This agrarian geography of Kentucky begins on the streets of the state's largest city, in the throes of antiracist struggle. It tracks the state's lingering colonial settler power dynamics through the racism of plantation, extraction, and carceral geographies. It then traces how resistance to these exploitations take root in place-based agri-food initiatives unfolding through urban-rural solidarity against white supremacist policing, prison systems, labor exploitation, and extractivism. It begins with a brief overview of the scale of reference of Kentucky itself. Situating the state entails addressing the trauma and topophilia (love of landscape) of its agrarian past and present. It draws upon bell hooks’ literary invocations of Kentucky-based agrarian visions, as well as place-based political ecology scholarship (seven years of Kentucky Agrarian Questions practitioner panels at the Dimensions of Political Ecology Conference at University of Kentucky). Following Black and abolitionist geographies, this agrarian geography traces rural and urban shared struggles for food sovereignty, environmental justice, and liberation from racism of carceral systems. It introduces Kentucky grassroots projects connecting and uniting rural and urban struggles against carceral violence and the racism therein, such as Hood to the Holler (a political initiative emerging from Black Lives Matter mobilizations for Breonna Taylor). The essay ends with reflections on the political-ecological contradictions and imperative of working through and beyond a settler-colonial-state scale of reference like Kentucky. To extricate from and dismantle plantation modes and carceral legacies, abolitionist agrarian geographies recover the reality of Black and Indigenous agrarian history, presence, and futures. As such, rooted in place-based reckoning, resistance, and responsibility, they offer hope.

Evaluating city road dust emission characteristics with a dynamic method: A case study in Luoyang, China

Road dust, a significant contributor to non-exhaust particulate matter emissions in urban transport, poses considerable health risks, necessitating accurate and high-resolution data for effective control. The traditional AP-42 method offers data on point-specific dust emissions, while vehicle-based testing ascertains the relative emission intensity in the road network. However, a clear mathematical relationship between these measurements has been elusive, limiting efficiency in emission control. By integrating the On-board Conventional Pollutant Monitoring System with the AP-42 method, we devised a dynamic link between the concentration of particles in vehicle plumes and actual road dust emissions. This relationship is substantiated by a notable correlation (R2 = 0.91) between our emission factors and those calculated using the AP-42 method. Significant variations emerged in dust emission factors across road types, with changes between −30.1 % to +57.79 % from the average (0.05 g·vehicle−1·km−1), in tandem with traffic flow fluctuations of approximately ±90 %. Meteorological factors, except for continuous rainfall, showed minimal impact on dust emissions. However, our findings revealed a significant underestimation (58.87 %) of road dust PM10 emissions by the AP-42 method. Intriguingly, we found that short-range emission hotspots substantially contribute to total emissions, suggesting a potential 50 % reduction by controlling merely 8.8 % ± 2.5 % of the total road length. Our research elucidates the interplay between road dust emissions, road types, and human activities. The application of a dynamic, high-resolution assessment method enhances our understanding of the impacts of road dust on urban particulate pollution, allows accurate hotspot identification, and aids in developing efficacious strategies for air quality enhancement.

Samara within the scope of “The Eighteenth Year” novel by A.N. Tolstoy

The article considers one of the aspects of depicting Samara in the novel by A.N. Tolstoy The Eighteenth Year (19271928), namely the use of Notes on the 1918 Czechoslovak Rebellion to show the battles on the city streets in June 1918, which are now kept as part of the writer's archive in the Manuscript Department of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature under RAS. Tolstoy re-conceptualized the information and supplemented it with artistic images to describe the events and give them historical reliability. The article gives examples of the writer's work with documentary materials that were reflected both in the chronological context of the narrative and in single episodes of the novel.

Study of urban infrastructure elements for personal mobility devices safe movement

Introduction. Despite the introduction of new amendments to the rules of the road, accidents involving personal mobility device (PMD) continue to occur on the roads of the Russian Federation. The analysis of statistical indicators makes possible to determine that more than 90% of accidents occur in populated areas, with the participation of PMDs equipped with electric motor mainly collisions with vehicles, with less powerful, not equipped with electric motor mainly collisions with pedestrians occur, which indicates certain chosen conditions for driving - the roadway and sidewalks. In addition, it was found that in these cases, one of the emerging types of accidents is tipping, associated primarily with the available elements on sections of city streets and city roads, which have a certain height above the level of roads and sidewalks. In order to determine the possibility of a overturning taking these elements into account, the analysis of the urban infrastructure was determined, the main elements that pose a risk to PMD traffic were identified, their geometric parameters were established and a mathematical calculation of the traffic conditions was carried out in the study. Methods and materials. As materials and methods for the study, the methods of statistical analysis and mathematical calculations were defined. Results. As a result of the calculation, the authors identified the elements of the urban infrastructure that are dangerous for the movement of the PMD, when interacting with which, with a high degree of probability, the device in question will overturn and injure the driver of the PMD. Conclusion. The calculations have identified the main hazardous elements located on the city streets and urban roads. It was found that the process of overturning is influenced by the geometric characteristics of the device. In view of the obtained results, the perspective directions of improvement of traffic safety in urban transport systems - development of requirements for safety PMD and creation of specialized infrastructure for the safe movement of the PMD in the conditions of modern cities were determined.

Crisis temporalities and ongoing capabilities in the lives of young people growing up on the streets of African cities: An ethnographic longitudinal perspective

AbstractUnderstanding young people's lives through a focus on their micro‐geographies has been central for exercising young people's voices through research. However, such a focus has also neglected the multiple and complex realities of growing up that ripple throughout their lives, resulting in calls for more research to go beyond capturing daily snapshots of experience. This paper acknowledges that decades of research with and for young people living on city streets has underpinned activism and challenged western child rights discourse, helping to ensure that abuses and violations of street young people's rights are confronted. Yet, much of this research draws attention to lives lived in present moments – the difficulties encountered and capabilities displayed. It does not account for the temporal fluidity of how young people's realities are future impacted by slow crises and challenging daily life experiences as they grow towards adulthood. This paper explores the crisis temporalities of young people's street lives through a youth‐led ethnographic longitudinal approach. The paper focuses on 18 youth researchers and over 200 of their peers' experiences of research over three years while living on the streets of three African cities. The paper discusses the challenges of undertaking longitudinal research alongside the temporal affordances of surviving urban informality and the compounding effects of slow crises on present and future‐oriented survival. These affordances emerge as street youth respond to daily trials, experience setbacks, crises, triumphs, and failures, yet show resilience and employ capabilities. The paper concludes by demonstrating the crucial importance of ethnographic longitudinal research for policy and practice to ensure that youth who age on the streets, and their families, are supported in accordance with social justice concerns.