City Strategic Planning Research Articles

An integrated QFD framework for smart city strategy development

PurposeIn this study, the deployment of an integrated Quality Function Deployment (QFD) decision framework is presented to help cities design targeted strategies to become “smart”. Arguably smart cities leverage advanced technologies to enhance their smartness to improve everyday urban life. To this end, a QFD – Analytic Hierarchy Process – Analytic Network Process (QFD-AHP-ANP) framework is proposed to deliver guidance for selecting the appropriate mix of smart technologies based on the specific smart needs of each city.Design/methodology/approachThe AHP and ANP methods are incorporated into QFD to enhance its methodological robustness in formulating the decision problem. AHP accurately captures and translates the “Voice of the Experts” into prioritized “Smart City” dimensions, while establishing inter-relationships between these dimensions and “Smart City Technologies”. Meanwhile, ANP explores tradeoffs among the technologies, enabling well-informed decisions. The framework’s effectiveness is evaluated through an illustrative application in the city of Thessaloniki.FindingsApplying the framework to this real-world context confirms its practicality and utility, demonstrating its ability to particularize local, social, political, environmental and economic trends through the resulting mix of technologies in smart urban development strategies.Originality/valueThe importance of this study lies in several aspects. Firstly, it introduces a novel QFD decision framework tailored for smart city strategic planning. Secondly, it contributes to the operationalization of the smart city concept by providing guidance for cities to effectively adopt smart technologies. Finally, this study represents a new field of application for QFD, expanding its scope beyond its traditional domains.

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ SMART-CITY ТА ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ІННОВАЦІЙ У ПРОЦЕС ПІСЛЯВОЄННОЇ ВІДБУДОВИ БЛАГОУСТРОЮ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ОДИНИЦЬ

The article explores the possibilities and challenges of integrating Smart City principles and energy innovations into the post-war reconstruction process of administrative-territorial units. In today's world, where environmental pollution and efficient use of energy resources are becoming increasingly critical, implementing energy-efficient projects in urban development has become necessary for community development. One of the essential aspects of successfully implementing energy-efficient projects is their integration into the city's strategic planning. To address challenges such as financial constraints and technical difficulties, implementing energy-efficient projects will bring numerous benefits, including emission reduction, energy consumption reduction, and improvement of urban environment quality. Since many urban amenities in Ukraine having suffered damage during the war, there is an increased opportunity for the restoration of progressive and modern spaces using advanced technologies. This new stage of reconstruction includes adopting innovative approaches, such as using alternative energy sources, implementing energy-saving systems, introducing Smart City principles, greening territories, and more. This opens up opportunities for creating modern, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient spaces that improve the quality of life and restore administrative-territorial units' infrastructure. The article explores key concepts such as smart technologies, energy efficiency, and sustainable development while presenting the fundamental principles and mechanisms for implementing these principles in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Utilizing the case-study method, the article highlights the best practices for implementing Smart City principles worldwide. Additionally, the authors examine the advantages and obstacles associated with adopting these principles.

Artificial Intelligence and Smart Cities: A DEMATEL Approach to Adaptation Challenges and Initiatives

This article focused on two main topics currently on among many agendas: smart cities and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The growing interest in the former is due to these cities’ multidimensionality and adaptability in terms of residents’ needs and the requirements of each municipality's reality. AI, in turn, currently plays a transformative, disruptive role in various areas by performing “smart” tasks, thereby facilitating the automation of processes and differentiation initiatives. Smart city strategic planning, especially in the long term, will most likely have to deal with adaptations to AI. Thus, research is needed that can contribute to a more holistic view of these topics and support decision-making processes in these areas. Based on the epistemological principles of the multiple-criteria decision analysis approach (MCDA), this article developed and tested a dynamic analysis system that allows smart city initiatives to address the challenges of adapting to AI. The proposed system highlights the cause-and-effect relationships in this context. The article included an application of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The procedural steps followed to implement this methodology were enhanced by close collaboration with an experienced decision maker, who has coordinated various projects in this research context. The proposed system's contributions and limitations were also analyzed in this article.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 33 OF 2012 CONCERNING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO

Based on the health profile of Puskesmas Bandarharjo in 2019, exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months increased from 27% or 135 babies to 33.85% or 215 babies in 2018. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage for infants aged 0-6 months at Puskesmas Bandarhajo has not reached the target of the Semarang City Strategic Plan (65%). This study aims to determine the implementation of Government Regulation Number 33 of 2012 concerning Exclusive Breastfeeding at Puskesmas Bandarharjo. This qualitative study used a descriptive approach. The result showed that the number of human resources at Puskesmas Bandarharjo has been fulfilled. The source of the funds is BOK funds. The facilities and infrastructure are quite complete. The implementation of the government regulation at Puskesmas Bandarharjo has been going well and in accordance with the existing regulation. This puskesmas does not issue specific regulations related to the Exclusive Breastfeeding program. The implementation of the program is in accordance with the Government Regulation No. 33 of 2012 concerning breastfeeding education, the importance of early breastfeeding initiation, and prohibiting the promotion of formula milk. The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Puskesmas Bandarharjo has not met the national target, which is still at 65%. Puskesmas Bandarharjo is expected to be able to make policies for the Exclusive Breastfeeding program, provide additional financial support so that all relevant officers can attend breastfeeding counseling training, and add posters or leaflets about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in every strategic spot in the working area of puskesmas.
 
 Keywords: Implementation, Government Regulation, Exclusive Breastfeeding

Performance of Midwives In Integrated Antenatal Services In Early Detecting High Risk Pregnancy in Kupang City

The research method used an exploratory study design. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and direct observation. The research data were analyzed using thematic methods. The performance of midwives, seen from the input aspect, is lacking, where there is an additional workload for midwives, most of the midwives have not attended training, and there is a lack of examination room infrastructure. From the process aspect, there is lacking of supervision that more focus on early detection of high-risk pregnancies. The output aspect, the midwife's performance achievement was lacking in the two sample Puskesmas as seen from the coverage of each program indicator that had not yet reached the SPM target and the Kupang City Strategic Plan. It is necessary to increase the competence of midwives through integrated antenatal training and early detection of high-risk pregnancies that will support their performance achievement in ANC services

New development: Embedding the SDGs in city strategic planning and management

ABSTRACT This article proposes and discusses a managerial framework to provide guidance on implementing and monitoring the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) at the local government level. The integration of SDGs into city strategic plans will help city leaders and local politicians strengthen their planning and management processes and improve the communication of strategic goals.

Content Analysis of Resilience Indicators for Mainstreaming Resilience into Semarang City's Development Planning Policies

Resilience assessment has been conducted in Semarang City by two different organizations using two different methods, i.e., City Resilience Index (CRI) and Urban Community Resilience Assessment (UCRA) in 2017 and 2018. Based on the result of those resilience assessments, it reveals that some of the resilience indicators are not suitable for local conditions in Semarang City regarding development planning policies. City strategic planning is a mid-term development planning policy with a combination of sectoral planning and comprehensive planning to budgeting process of the local government programs. It also includes local government performance indicators that reflect the level of good governance and lead to enhance city resilience. Hence, indicators in city strategic planning also can be considered as resilience indicators. All of this implies that city strategic planning describes the local government already uses resilience thinking in its strategies, policies, and programs. However, city resilience encompasses many aspects and more complex. This study aims to identify between CRI and UCRA, which method having resilience indicators that are compatible, applicable, and suitable for Semarang’s city strategic planning. CRI and UCRA use different methods and aim at different scopes when assessing resilience in the city. The results of the content analysis on the document of development planning policies, such as the 2016-2021 Semarang’s city strategic planning and Revision of the 2016-2021 Semarang’s city strategic planning, highlight the similarities and differences between CRI and UCRA. It reveals that CRI’s resilience indicators are more compatible, applicable, and suitable for Semarang’s city strategic planning rather than UCRA’s resilience indicators.

Análise de brandings urbanos contemporâneos na ótica da sustentabilidade

As projeções do aumento populacional somadas à tendência mundial da urbanização tornam o desenvolvimento sustentável dos centros urbanos vital à sustentabilidade do planeta. À medida que os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável alcançam relevância mundial, surgem conceitos relacionadas às cidades. Nesse contexto, as cidades se apropriam de brandings (rótulos) com o propósito de evidenciar sua imagem, atraindo investimentos e capital humano para alavancar o desenvolvimento, constituindo ou não o planejamento estratégico da cidade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar as abordagens centrais, as potencialidades e limitações entre os principais brandings urbanos contemporâneos, na ótica da sustentabilidade. Para tal, a metodologia empregada tem abordagem qualitativa, com a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Como o tema brandings de cidades envolve diversos aspectos, a pesquisa delimita uma amostra intencional de definições, que está estruturada em cinco subtemas: cidades sustentáveis, cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis, cidades criativas e inovadoras, cidades inclusivas e igualitárias, cidades resilientes. Os resultados indicam que a definição de sustentabilidade urbana é bastante ampla e dada a diversidade territorial, que amplia o campo de atuação, surgem definições diversas que focam em determinado aspecto temporal e/ou espacial relevante à sociedade. Entretanto, ao se optar por determinado branding como eixo norteador de políticas públicas urbanas, pode-se não englobar aspectos essenciais à sustentabilidade urbana, pois a maioria das definições urbanas não veem a cidade de forma holística, ampliando lacunas existentes, principalmente nas dimensões sociais e/ou ambientais. Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade Urbana. Cidades Inteligentes e Sustentáveis. Cidades Criativas e Inovadoras. Cidades Inclusivas e Igualitárias. Cidades Resilientes.

Wastelands, Greenways and Gentrification: Introducing a Comparative Framework with a Focus on Detroit, USA

Vacant, abandoned or unproductive land parcels, sometimes called “wastelands”, offer opportunities to create new green spaces in cities. Such spaces may be utilized to add to the stock of urban nature, expand recreational green space, promote real estate or commercial development, or simply remain undefined. These various trajectories have significant implications for population health, ecosystem services and real estate values. However, they may also contribute to inequitable outcomes. Are disadvantaged communities, which may be paradoxically rich in wastelands, more advantaged when green space redevelopment occurs, or are they more at risk of green gentrification and associated displacement? To address this question, we first review some of the literature relative to wastelands, especially as they relate to processes of urban change such as depopulation, land use planning, regrowth and gentrification. We utilize historical redlining maps, the Detroit Master Plan and projected land use scenarios from the Detroit Future City (DFC) Strategic Framework Plan to identify areas of vulnerability or possibility within walking distance of the proposed Joe Louis Greenway (JLG). Finally, we consider how wastelands situated along the JLG may be reframed as flexible opportunity spaces, their potential leveraged to advance environmental justice, economic opportunity, and social equity, especially as the City of Detroit takes socioeconomic and racial equity as a key orienting principle—an alternative to green gentrification that we call green reparations.

Planning for cooler cities: a plan quality evaluation for Urban Heat Island consideration

ABSTRACT City strategic plans and enabling policies provide a framework for and inform future development across multiple scales. An exemplar city strategic plan will be one based on evidence, enabled by complementary policy outcomes, and built on the knowledge of the existing landscape. This study evaluated the plan quality of eighteen metropolitan strategic plans for city members in the 100 Resilient Cities initiative. A protocol was developed containing thirty-two indicators to assess plans capacity to act as a strategic planning tool to develop, analyse and implement strategies for the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and climate change mitigation and adaptation. The evaluation indicated that strategies addressing the UHI are rarely included in metropolitan plans. Strategic plans showed a lack of evidence-base to inform the potential actions. Urban warming is often linked to extreme weather events anticipated under climate change, not the UHI as a systemic and increasing phenomenon. We recommend that the pathway to addressing UHI mitigation and adaptation may lie in its nexus to aspects of climate change that concurrently can serve to support liveable and resilient cities.

FACTORS INFLUENCING URBAN INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS: AN FCM-SD APPROACH

The increasing concentration of populations in urban areas in recent decades has strengthened the interest in – and the importance given to – these zones. Cities have become quite attractive from investors’ point of view because of the wide array of opportunities and growing need for investment in urban areas. Thus, city strategic planning quite often requires an understanding of the determinants that attract investment to urban zones. This study sought to identify the factors that strengthen urban investment based on the knowledge of a panel of experts. Fuzzy cognitive mapping techniques were applied to understand the concepts and decision criteria included in the decision-support model and their cause-and-effect relationships. The results provide insights into which determinants most strongly influence urban investment, namely, infrastructure, supporting services, and political-administrative factors. Diverse scenarios at the intra- and inter-cluster levels were created to clarify the impacts of variable changes on the model developed. The findings were validated by both the expert panel members and the vice-president of the Portuguese Association of Real Estate Developers and Investors. Advantages and limitations of the proposed framework are presented, as well as recommendations for future research.

Rethinking urban sustainability using fuzzy cognitive mapping and system dynamics

ABSTRACTThe extant literature reveals a growing need to rethink urban sustainability. Sustainable urban development is becoming more important to city strategic planning since sustainability is a critical aspect of environmental protection, social cohesion, and economic growth. However, decisions are currently not always taking into account the need to maintain sustainability because either decision makers do not fully understand the decision problems at hand or they do not focus on finding realistic, contextualized solutions. In addition, most existing models of urban sustainability assessment are static. Therefore, new urban sustainability assessment systems based on landsenses ecology are needed, which should combine natural elements, physical senses, and psychological perceptions, and assist decision makers develop successful management policies. Using fuzzy cognitive mapping and system dynamics, this study sought to develop a fresh, holistic perspective on urban sustainability. Based on the knowledge and experience of a panel of experts in urban development, some of the most significant determinants of urban sustainability were identified, namely: sustainable construction; urban planning and/or design; health; economy; culture, citizenship, and education; environmental quality; public policies and governance; and mobility and/or accessibility. The results obtained were validated both by the panel members and the director of the Department of Urban Planning of the Lisbon City Council, Portugal. The advantages and limitations of our approach are also discussed, as well as recommendations for future research.

The emerging addition of resilience as a component of sustainability in urban policy

The concept of resilience is progressively capturing the interest of scholars and practitioners in the field of urban policy. This increase in interest is directed towards the need for a better understanding of the conditions for effective and legitimate governance in a complex, interconnected, and volatile world fraught with a new class of poorly understood systematic risk. We are progressively observing resilience as a component of sustainability as the dominant organising frame in the field of urban planning. The application of the adapted Wilkinson (2011) framework, which we situate within a broader framework for evaluating metropolitan plans (Nguyen, Davidson & Gleeson, 2018), reveals the extent to which newly released metropolitan plans are incorporating strategies for social-ecological resilience. Our point is to offer an early assessment of the framing of social-ecological resilience within the embedded understanding of metropolitan planning practice. Our research has revealed that social-ecological resilience thinking has been incorporated only to a limited extent into metropolitan planning strategies worldwide, as demonstrated through the evaluation of our two sites—OneNYC and Plan Melbourne. We have argued that OneNYC incorporates the strategies of social-ecological resilience to a greater extent than Plan Melbourne, possibly pointing to a strengthening governing system by incorporating processes of social learning and adaptation. We conclude by acknowledging the critical insights into the limitations of the reality of implementing these ideas of social-ecological resilience within policy settings (see Duit, 2016), and which requires urgent consideration within a fuller institutional study that must in any case await the fuller roll-out of social-ecological resilience in sustainability agendas within city strategic planning.

Promotion and environmental citizenship: challenges and opportunities for the Environmental Monitoring and Interpretation Center and the Sea Center of Viana do Castelo.

Promotion and environmental citizenship: challenges and opportunities for the Environmental Monitoring and Interpretation Center and the Sea Center of Viana do Castelo.

A Nice Place to Visit: Tourism and Urban Revitalization in the Postwar Rustbelt

Today, tourism is a key component of every city's strategic plan, polished and perfected through a combination of sophisticated messaging and an array of curated attractions. In A Nice Place to Visit Aaron Cowan expertly probes the postwar roots of this trend by analyzing early efforts in Baltimore, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis to deploy tourist-oriented development as a tool for reversing long-standing patterns of aesthetic and economic decline. In all four rust belt cities—none previously recognized for their inherent tourist appeal—savvy civic leaders recognized the immense potential that lay in reshaping key portions of their troubled city centers to attract outsiders and their money. In the process, they hoped, each city might rebuild not only its physical landscape but also its image in the eyes of the traveling public as well as among area residents clinging to the urban fringe. Far from a simple narrative of rebranding and redevelopment, Cowan's analysis delves deeply into the specific geographical, economic, and political circumstances behind each city's chosen course of action. Each case study also successfully illuminates broader cultural developments affecting communities nationwide. A description of Cincinnati's incipient courting of conventioneers includes a cogent explanation of how the rise of the professional convention industry and changing consumer preferences led to widespread abandonment of established hotels in the postwar era despite their long-standing roles as social centers for generations of local residents.

Urban freight transport in city strategic planning

The issue of urban freight transport in city strategic planning is discussed in this paper. There are two main purposes of the paper - a theoretical one and empirical one. The author's concept of maturity levels of cities in planning and implementing activities in favor of urban freight transport is the theoretical objective, while the empirical objective deals with the analysis of selected European capital cities in terms of urban policy in creating long-term plans in the area of urban freight. In order to achieve these objectives the author has conducted a survey among selected European cities. As a result of the conducted survey, the description of the process maturity levels of studied cities with the use of a taxonomic measure in the field of planning and implementing urban freight transport actions has been proposed. The concept of process maturity of cities in the field of planning and carrying out actions in urban freight transport may be a practical tool for local authorities willing to self-improve and develop in this field.

城市战略规划的实施框架与内容：来自大伦敦实施规划的启示

城市战略规划的实施框架与内容：来自大伦敦实施规划的启示

Newcomer's attitudes to further tourism development: the case of Alcúdia (Mallorca)

ABSTRACTOne of the potential outputs derived from large-scale tourism development in a certain area or region can be the attraction of large segments of immigrant population. This has been the case in Alcudia, a town located in the North of Mallorca, where a large proportion of its current population are “newcomers” fairly recently arrived as a consequence of impressive tourism development in the area. The advent of the twenty-first century has raised concerns about long-term potential negative impacts derived from tourism overdevelopment among residents and tourism planning authorities. Two rounds of surveys on residents’ attitudes towards tourism were conducted as part of the city's strategic planning. Findings show that attitudes towards further or additional tourism development vary according to a fundamental variable: the degree of integration into the host community which is correlated with the length of residence and concern about culture preservation: immigrant population show a lower degree of integration. Therefore, an excess of tourism development attracting large numbers of immigrants can result in a potential conflict, not between the host community and the tourists, but among residents: between those who want to carry on overdeveloping and those who want to keep nature, culture and self-identity.

The Shaping of Local Self-Government and Economic Development through City Strategic Planning: A Case Study

In the contemporary multiplying uncertainties of local governments, politicians and public managers are constantly faced by a recurrent problem: despite financial constraints and with scarce resources, they have to combine the delivery of efficient public services with local economic development and democratic quality. This paper draws on an ethnography concerning the design and implementation of a Strategic Planning process within a Spanish city government and is framed by the proposition that local governments are experimental places for what is usually referred to as democratic governance. Focusing on the way in which the use of Strategic Planning entails a trade-off between urban and economic development and democracy, the article explores how this formal mechanism of citizens’ and business´ participation serves to establish relational processes to reinvigorate local economic development, democracy and administrative modernization. The paper also argues that, in order to fully implement new urban development practices at the local level, it is necessary to take into account not only institutional issues, but also the communal, social and political resources that frame both formal and informal deliberations propelled by the Strategic Planning process. It is the interaction and combination of these that determine the paths and developments of local government innovations.

Attractiveness Analysis of European Tourist Cities

ABSTRACTStarting from the field work in seven European countries, the paper identify Europeans’ attitudes towards and preferences for European cities. The purpose here is to show whether a city’s tourist attraction is linked solely with a given holiday format (city-break; 1-2 night stay; short holiday; 3-4 night stay; long holiday; 8-night stay or longer) or not.The results helped in the interpretation of contemporary urban tourism flows in Europe, offering a broader vision of such flows and furnishing useful data for city strategic planning to boost competitiveness.