City Of Ur Research Articles

The cultural heritage and the possibility of making it a global tourist destination / the city of Ur as a model

The cultural heritage and the possibility of making it a global tourist destination / the city of Ur as a model

Ein neues zweisprachiges altbabylonisches Vokabular aus Ur

Abstract This article presents the first edition of an Old-Babylonian acrographic vocabulary excavated in the city of Ur. Although fragmentary and poorly preserved, this text provides interesting new aspects for the understanding of the so-called „dialects“ of Sumerian and of bilingual language teaching in general, and identifies lurû(m) „(man with a) thin/croaky voice“ as a (person with a) speech defect described as „Emesal“. In addition, it contains entries of business terminology known from the north Babylonian „Sippar Phrasebook“, the Old Babylonian „Forerunner“ of canonical Ura 1 and 2.

Priests of Ur in the Old Babylonian Period: a Reappraisal in Light of the 2017 Discoveries at Ur/Tell Muqayyar

Abstract Thirty-two years after the publication of Le Clergé d’Ur au siècle d’Hammurabi (1986), a reappraisal of the situation is made possible by collations of already known texts, and by new tablets provided by the resumption of excavations on the site of Tell Muqayyer. The question of the estate properties within the city of Ur will first be examined: generally, the members of the clergy owned the houses they inhabited, which were not the property of the temple of the Moon-god Nanna. Then the evidence about the specific situation of the purification priests devoted to the god Enki-of-Eridu will be studied: the older data are supplemented by new ones discovered in 2017 in a house occupied by a Babylonian general. Finally, the level of literacy of the clergy and the role they played in education will be examined; here again, the 2017 season provides new evidence thanks to the discovery of a house inhabited by an intendant of the temple of the goddess Ningal.

القمر في الثقافة العراقية القديمة: اعادة قراءة لرواية" الهلال" لديانا ابو جابر و"طشاري" لأنعام كججي

Man used to attribute good and evil in his life to celestial bodies. Therefore, ancient civilizations paid much attention to astronomy which had a lasting impact on mythology and religion. In ancient Iraqi mythology, sad and happy events like war and peace, death and fertility, flood and famine, were attributed to the appearance and disappearance of the moon.Among the post-modern writers who wrote novels about Iraq are the Arab-American Diana Abu Jaber (1959 -) and the Paris-based Iraqi Inaam Kachachi (1952 -). Abu Jaber's Crescent (2003) tells a love story between an Iraqi professor and an Iraqi-American girl. The crescent of the title has to do with the Islamic ritual of marking the beginning of a lunar month like Ramadhan. As the novel suggests it has to do with patience and the unknown as represented by the sudden and unexpected reappearance of the protagonist (Hanif) after a long time of absence. Whereas Kachachi's Tashari (2013) details the scattering of Iraqis in different parts of the world after the-2003 events. It attributes this tragedy to the Pope's refusal to visit the city of Ur, the birthplace of Prophet Abraham which also used to be the residence of Nana, the moon god of the ancient Sumerians. While apparently both novels deal in part with the religious beliefs and practices related to the moon in Islam and Christianity, they, however, make no direct reference to ancient Iraqi myths. Although Abu Jaber expressed the wish of writing about "the legacy of Iraq", "the cradle of civilization" and Kachachi wrote mainly about Iraq and its " good old days", but rarely they made a direct reference to the moon and its significance in ancient Iraqi culture. Nevertheless, both novels implicitly abound in references to the moon that can be analyzed in terms of its status and the lasting impact it had on ancient Iraqi culture, which will be the focus of this paper.

The Administration of Storage in Early Babylonia

This article examines the epigraphic sources from the late third millennium BC from the city of Ur in southern Mesopotamia in order to reconstruct the organization of the city’s centrally controlled storehouse e2-kisib3-ba, and to analyze the in- and outflow of products and commodities in this facility. It is argued that a better understanding of the administrative context of this institution as it is reflected in the textual documentation can help us reconstruct in more concrete terms the overall structure of the higher levels of the so called household economy of the third millennium Sumerian city-states.

الأمیرة انخیدوانا ابنة الملک سرجون الأکدی (الکاهنة - الکاتبة)

تمتعت المرأة في بلد العراق القديم بمرکز بارز، وشغلت العديد من الوظائف منها وظيفة الکهانة، ومن بينها الأميرة إنخيدوانا Enheduanna، ابنة الملک سرجون الأکدي، التي عاشت قبل حوالي 4300 عام في الفترة 2285-2250 قبل الميلاد. وکانت أول أميرة تحتل مرکز الکاهنة العليا لإله القمر نانا / سين في أور. علاوة على ذلک، کانت تشغل مناصب عليا ورفيعة في العديد من المعابد طوال فترة حياتها. وکانت أيضا کاتبة في مدينة أور خلال فترة حکم أبيها. وبالتالي، يمکن القول أن اسم إنخيدوانا Enheduanna ربما يعد أول اسم لامرأة تم تسجيله في قصيدة معلومة في التاريخ. أدت دراسة موضوع الأميرة انخيدوانا، ابنة الملک سرجون الأکدى (الکاهنة - الکاتبة) إلى عدة نتائج، لعل أهمها ما يلي: 1- جمعت بين کونها أميرة وکاهنة عليا، وفي الوقت نفسه کاتبة للعديد من القصائد الأدبية والترانيم، مما جعلها شخصية استثنائية في تاريخ العراق القديم. 2- ربما کان هدف الأميرة انحيدوانا من وراء قصائدها التي کرستها للإلهة اينانا دينيا وهو تسبيح وتمجيد تلک الإلهة، لکن تنوع الأماکن الجغرافية الواردة بها وکذا اختلافها کان له هدف سياسي ألا وهو إظهار مدى سيطرة الإمبراطورية الأکدية على تلک المناطق. Women in The country of Iraq enjoyed a prominent position, and occupied several posts including the function of the priesthood; among them were Princess Enheduanna, daughter of King Sargon Akadian, who lived about 4,300 years ago in the period 2285-2250 BC. She was the first princess to occupy the High Priestly Center. The god of the moon Nana / Sen in Ur. Moreover, she was occupying high and high positions in many temples throughout her life. She was also a writer in the city of Ur during her father's reign. Thus, it is possible to say that the name Enheduanna may be the first name of a woman recorded in a poem known in history. The study of Princess Enheduanna, the daughter of King Sargon Akkadi (the priestess - writer) led to several results, the most important of which are the following: 1- together as a princess and high priest, and at the same time a writer of several poems and tunes, which made her an exceptional figure in the history of ancient Iraq. 2-Perhaps the goal of Princess Enheduanna from behind her poems devoted to the divine religious Ennah is praise and glorify Enana, but the diversity of geographical places contained and the difference had a political goal and show the extent of control of the Akkadian state of these areas in that period.

The Flooding of Ur in Mesopotamia in New Perspectives

At around 5000 years BP sea level peaked in the Persian Gulf region at a level of +0.3 m as now determined in Qatar. This coincides with the famous flooding of the ancient city of Ur, originally interpreted as due to local changes in the fluvial system. We can now propose that, in fact, it was the sea level rise that triggered the fluvial reorganization and rise in ground water level that ultimately led to “the flooding of Ur”.

On the Ud-ŠU-BALA at Ur towards the end of the third millennium BC

SummaryThe media coverage of the severe weather patterns of 1982–3 and 1997–8 has reasserted for the study of history the possible influence of abrupt climate change at transitional periods. Modern theories on the fall of Ur have already looked beyond the Elamite invasion to the evidence of food shortage and failing water supply as preconditions of the event. The present study seeks to enlarge upon this theme, and will suggest that, following a period of storm and flood, a sustained drought brought an unprecedented loss of life to the city of Ur and across Sumer. The paper will finally suggest a modern and scientific explanation of the ud-šu-bala, or “weather change”, of the period.

Reflections on Some Households and their Receiving officials in the City of Ur in the Ur III Period

Previous articleNext article No AccessReflections on Some Households and their Receiving officials in the City of Ur in the Ur III Period *Magnus WidellMagnus WidellThe University of Chicago Search for more articles by this author The University of ChicagoPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Near Eastern Studies Volume 63, Number 4October 2004 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/426631 Views: 26Total views on this site © 2004 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Mind, body, and the cosmos: chess and backgammon in ancient Persia

Board games were played in many parts of the ancient world and so it is very difficult to attribute the origin of any board game to a particular region or culture. Board games have been found in ancient Mesopotamia, the oldest from the city of Ur, but one must also mention the game of Senet in ancient Egypt. Often board games were placed in the tombs of the pharaohs and sometimes the dead are shown playing with the gods, for example one scene shows Rameses III (c. 1270 B.C.) playing with Isis to gain access to the nether world. The importance of this image lies in the depiction of the cosmological and religious significance that ancient peoples attributed to board games—they were not just games played for pleasure. Reference to board games in Persia can be found as early as the Achaemenid period, where, according to Plutarch, Artaxerxes played a board game with dice.

The city of Ur and its God Nanna(r ) in the third dynasty

The city of Ur and its God Nanna(r ) in the third dynasty